印榕仙人掌引种繁殖初步研究

印榕仙人掌（Opuntia ficus-indica Mill.)是从国外引进的多用途植物,可用于生产水果、蔬菜、饲料以及饲养胭脂虫（Dactylopius coccus Costa)。通过引种繁殖初步研究,提出了有性与无性繁殖方法,分析了影响生长发育的主要生态因子。     

松嫩平原碱化草甸朝鲜碱茅种群生殖特性的定量分析

通过对朝鲜碱茅单化群落独立株丛的大样本取样和对正常花序随机取样的调查与测定，定量分析了松嫩平原碱化草甸朝鲜碱茅种群的生殖特性。朝鲜碱茅种群话营养繁殖数量性状之间有较强的规律性。丛分蘖数、丛地上生物量、丛生殖枝数和丛生殖技重分别与丛径之间，以及丛生殖枝重与丛生殖枝数之间均为线性正相关，丛生物量随着丛分蘖数的增加呈幂函数增加。朝鲜碱茅种群在整个生殖生长发育过程中具有较强的有序性。圆锥花序各节位上的小穗数量呈伽玛分布。各节位上的小花数量随着节位的增高呈Logistic曲线形式减少。小穗数和小花数均随着节位的增加呈y＝ae(－b／x)饱和型指数曲线形式累积增长。     

基于微卫星亲权鉴定技术的短蛸性选择研究

为研究短蛸(Octopus ocellatus)的性选择行为,本研究利用14个多态性微卫星标记,对3个母本、176个子代及17个候选父本进行亲权鉴定,对3个家系中有子代和无子代雄蛸、子代比例高和子代比例低的雄蛸的各形态参数进行t检验,并对子代比例高和子代比例低的父本与母本的遗传相似性与遗传距离进行分析。结果显示,短蛸为多雌多雄的交配模式,为真正意义的雌性混交动物;雄蛸有无子代与其形态参数无相关性;子代比例与父本的形态大小参数无关,而与父母本的遗传相似性和遗传距离有关,父母本遗传相似性越高,遗传距离越小,后代比例越高。本研究为揭示短蛸交配前后的性选择机制提供了重要线索,也为海洋头足类动物的性选择机制研究提供了基础资料。     

卵巢对公兔精子发生的生理作用

将同窝成年母兔卵巢移植给公兔，母兔卵巢可在公兔体内产生生理作用，其雌二醇分泌量高达母兔体内正常量的５．０倍。这未能抑制公兔的睾酮分泌，反而改善了公兔的性机能及精子发生能力。公兔采精成功率比移植前提高７７．４％（Ｐ＜０．００１）。每次采得的精子密度，精子活力均提高，射出活精子数增多。     

性诱剂对小菜蛾种群的迷向效果

采用迷向指标,评价了不同成虫密度、不同诱捕器数量对小菜蛾种群的迷向作用。结果表明,自设置性诱剂后的前6d,对小菜蛾成虫的迷向不断增强,10～18d后形成迷向高峰,18d后显著下降。在小菜蛾不同成虫密度下,随着田间菜蛾密度的增加,迷向率呈下降趋势,其中以田间蛾密度为4515～6000头/hm2时,迷向作用最强;同时性诱剂可有效地减少小菜蛾的田间落卵量,对小菜蛾种群的迷向作用105个/hm2效果较好。     

拟高粱南草北繁技术研究

拟高粱是一种热带、亚热带南方禾本科多年生牧草，年可刈割4—6次，每公顷产鲜草150000kg以上。拟高粱适口性好，营养价值高，适宜喂草食家畜。拟高粱对土壤理化性质要求不严，在长江以北温带地区种植种子难以成熟和采集，可以通过无性繁殖（埋植、扦插以及宿根再生）推广种植。拟高粱青贮可解决养牛冬季缺乏青饲料的问题。拟高粱鲜草及青贮料饲喂信阳水牛对比试验日增重分别达到367．5g和366．25g，增重效果明显。种植拟高粱可以较好地解决养牛对饲草的需求以及冬季缺乏青饲料的问题。     

Hormonal Stimulation in a Gonadal Dysgenesis Mare

The present case report aimed to determine the responsiveness of the endometrium and the ovaries of an X0 mare after hormonal treatment. On transrectal palpation, the uterus was flaccid and smaller than normal, and the ovaries were small and smooth. The endometrium had normal histological architecture, with an atrophic glandular epithelium. A karyotype evaluation was performed, and 70 cells presented 63 chromosomes, lacking one sex chromosome. Circulating hormonal levels of total estrogens were 43.93 pg/mL; progesterone 0.01 ng/mL; testosterone 48 pg/mL; FSH 30.3 ng/mL; and LH 1.71 ng/mL. Immunohistochemistry tests showed the presence of estrogens and progesterone receptors in the endometrial samples of the X0 mare. 17β estradiol was administrated on three consecutive days and long-action progesterone on the fourth day. After hormonal stimulation, the mare showed changes in endometrial ultrasonography and histology. After treatment with estradiol, uterine edema was noted, and after progesterone, a reduction in edema was observed. At the request of the owner, no further treatment or follow-up occurred. This report showed that the endometrium is functional, but the ovaries did not change macroscopically under hormonal therapy.     

No-Contact Microchip Monitoring of Body Temperature in Yearling Horses

In clinics, temperature is used as an indicator of health. Mostly rectal temperature is recorded, requiring handling and time. Temperature-sensitive identification microchips could be an alternative. Foals (26 males and 17 females), 4–12 months old, were housed in stalls over two winters (December–February). They were equipped with an identification and temperature sensor microchip implanted in the neckline. Temperature was recorded using an antenna located near the drinking trough. Animals were fed concentrated feed and forage twice daily, with free access to water. Rectal temperatures (79 measurements) were recorded simultaneously in 26 animals. Data were analyzed with a linear mixed model, using natural cubic splines for the mean curve and a random horse effect. All animals remained healthy throughout the study. More than 100,000 recordings were obtained. Mean temperature for all individuals at all times was 37.5 ± 0.1°C. Time of the day affected temperature with a daily amplitude of 0.96°C (P < .001). Lowest temperatures were observed before dawn, the acrophase occurring around 18:00, with a smaller increase around midday. Mean temperature was 0.26°C higher in males (P < .05). It was also 0.1°C higher in light (<200 kg) compared with heavier foals (P < .001). Temperature decreased with increasing daylight (−0.35°C over the study period, P < .001). Microchip and rectal temperatures remained within normal limits and were significantly correlated (R² = 0.16, P < .001). This noninvasive tool does not require extra-handling and will allow a better monitoring of normal body temperature values taking into consideration time of the day, meal time, and sex.     

海岛棉半配生殖品系有性过程的胚胎学观察

半配生殖品系ＶＳｇ自交或以ＶＳｇ作母本与海岛棉标准系３－７９杂交，花粉能在柱头上萌发，花粉管能在花柱组织中生长并能进入胚珠到达胚囊。精核与极核融合、初生胚乳核分裂，以及胚乳游离核形成均表现正常，但精卵融合不同于３－７９。突出表现在一部分胚囊中，进入卵细胞的精核迟迟不与卵核融合，未融合的二核（♀＋♂）“合子”经过一段比３－７９稍长些的“休眠期”后，各自独立分裂，形成各种类型的嵌合胚。     

农民工性亚文化研究——基于珠三角的实地调研分析

基于对珠三角地区东莞、珠海、惠州3市农民工的问卷调查,分析了农民工性文化的独特特征:他们已脱离了传统生殖功能观,将性与爱联系在一起;对性行为的结果有担忧,但对性病的担忧较少,且呈现年龄差异;他们在日常中对性语言的使用较为宽容,但对性越轨行为的宽容局限于婚姻;他们不排斥商业性行为,其性规范体现出了较为宽松特点,且具有群体传染性,通过群体压力稳固化。这要求全社会加强对农民工的关爱,营造一个宽松的性交流氛围。