不同物质对唐菖蒲继代培养试管苗芽增殖的影响

本文讨论了唐菖蒲试管苗芽增殖过程中,不同植物生长调节剂、碳源、活性炭对芽增殖影响,试验结果表明0.5mg/LNAA和1mg/L的6-BA组合下,苗增殖效果好而且苗较壮,增殖倍数为5。用50g/L的市售白糖代替40g/L的纯蔗糖作为培养基的碳源是可行的,这样降低了配制培养基的成本,而且对试管苗的增殖和质量无影响。0.2%的活性炭,在30d内有利于试管苗株高的增加,但对芽的诱导无明显作用。     

Serum levels of reproductive steroid hormones in captive sand tiger sharks, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Carcharias</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">taurus</Emphasis> (Rafinesque), and comments on their relation to sexual conflicts

Levels of reproductively-related steroids were determined in captive male sand tiger sharks, Carcharias taurus, maintained at two institutions: SeaWorld Adventure Park Orlando and the National Aquarium in Baltimore. Sexual conflicts were absent at the former, but were documented at the latter. Serum titers of 17β-estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and 5α-dihydrotestosterone were determined via radioimmunoassay in adult male sharks from 1988 to 2000. Sampling overlap between the two institutions occurred for 3 months of the year, but steroid concentrations were compared only for April due to the occurrence of sexual conflicts in the sharks at the National Aquarium in Baltimore in that month. For April, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were significantly higher in the SeaWorld males, and progesterone was significantly higher in the National Aquarium in Baltimore males, while estradiol was not significantly different. Steroid levels were also determined from serial samples taken monthly over 17 months from three male sharks and one female shark at the National Aquarium in Baltimore in 2001–2002 and were compared with corresponding observed sexual conflicts. The steroid levels obtained showed distinct annual hormonal cycles in the male sharks and corroborated a biennial cycle for the single serially-sampled female shark. Furthermore, the steroid levels for individual males correlated with sexual conflicts as well as their position within the male dominance hierarchy. As this species is depleted in some regions globally, insight into the steroid profile of mature sand tiger sharks is important for a greater understanding of the relationship between their reproductive physiology and behavior, and may aid in captive management and reproduction. L. E. L. Rasmussen—Deceased.     

豇豆与饭豆种间杂种的获得及其鉴定

对豇豆和饭豆进行种间杂交试验,30个正反交组合中有3个杂交组合获得种子,它们分别是豇豆A65×饭豆B24、豇豆A27×饭豆D1、豇豆A136×饭豆A163。对获得的种间杂种及其双亲进行表型性状、生理指标及分子标记鉴定分析结果表明,豇豆A136×饭豆A163杂交组合所获杂种为假杂种,其他2个杂交组合所获杂种为真杂种。利用豇豆与饭豆种间杂交将饭豆的有利性状基因导入豇豆中,拓宽豇豆的遗传背景,为豇豆种质资源的创新与新品种选育提供基础。     

大葱和洋葱种间杂种的获得及其特性

【目的】构建大葱和洋葱的种间杂种。【方法】以章丘大葱和洋葱自交系06-38为材料,进行远缘杂交,对杂种子房进行培养;利用CAPS技术对所获得植株进行鉴定;利用花粉染色法、离体萌发法和自交对其进行育性鉴定。【结果】大葱和洋葱正反交,自然状态下胚败育。在未添加激素的MS培养基上进行大葱与洋葱种间正反交后的子房培养,均获得种间杂种F1,授粉后第7天为最佳培养时期;通过子房培养分别获得了大葱×洋葱、洋葱×大葱杂种植株26株和22株;经CAPS检测,杂交后代全部为真杂种。F1杂种植株具有明显的杂种优势,杂种雄性不育。【结论】利用子房培养技术,克服了大葱和洋葱远缘杂种在自然状态下胚败育的情况发生,获得了种间杂种F1;所获得的杂种植株表现出明显的杂种优势,且雄性不育。     

杂交鹅掌楸胚性细胞悬浮系的建立

通过对影响悬浮培养的一些物理因素如摇床转速、细胞起始密度等的研究,建立了良好的杂交鹅掌楸胚性细胞悬浮系.研究表明,当摇床转速为100 r/min,细胞起始密度为1×103～3×103个/mL时,可建立一个均匀性、分散性较好和细胞增值较快的杂交鹅掌楸胚性细胞悬浮系.悬浮细胞系的继代周期以2～4周为宜.培养效果最好的悬浮物是直径介于150～280 μm的细胞团,其干重占总悬浮物干重的65%.     

双抗虫基因三倍体毛白杨对舞毒蛾幼虫的抗性研究

用室内群体饲养舞毒蛾幼虫的方法,对15个双抗基因三倍体毛白杨株系进行饲虫试验。结果表明:校正死亡率划分了高抗、中抗、低抗虫植株,舞毒蛾校正死亡率在95以上为高抗株系;40～75为中抗株系,30以下为低抗株系。舞毒蛾的发育历期、蜕皮指数和毒效反映的规律相一致。     

恶疫霉有性杂交后代在土壤中的生长和激动孢子萌发研究

将恶疫霉突变株及其有性杂交后代的菌丝块 ( 2mm× 2mm)和游动孢子接种于灭菌土或自然土中 ,对它们的生长状况和游动孢子萌发率进行研究。结果显示 ,接种于灭菌土中的 7株杂交个体中 ,有 2株杂交个体的生长速率较快 ,其菌落半径分别为 8.0mm和 7.2mm( 3d) ,显著大于两亲本的菌落半径 (亲本AP1 4M-1 -52菌落半径为 3 .0mm ,另一亲本PK9Cn -2 -2 4生长较弱 ,不形成明显的菌落 ) ,其它杂交个体生长较弱 ,不形成明显的菌落 ;选择 3株杂交个体的游动孢子接种于灭菌土中 ,其中有两株杂交个体的游动孢子萌发率 (分别为 77.3 %和 71 .3 % )介于两亲本 (分别为 85.0 %和 67.7% )之间 ,但无显著性差异 (P =0 .0 5) ;另一杂交个体游动孢子萌发率 ( 59.7% )显著低于亲本AP1 4M -1 -52游动孢子萌发率 (P <0 .0 5)。而接种于自然土中的 7株杂交个体中 ,有 5株杂交个体长出少量菌丝和孢子囊 ,另 2株不生长 ;亲本菌株AP1 4M -1 -52有少量菌丝扩展和产生孢子囊 ,另一亲本菌株PK9Cn -2 -2 4无菌丝扩展 ;恶疫霉有性杂交个体及其亲本的游动孢子在自然中均不能萌发。结果表明恶疫霉有性杂交后代营养体和游动孢子在土壤中的生活能力与亲本相似。     

杂种落叶松大径材优良家系选择

以材积生长量为主要指标,对27年生杂种落叶松进行优良家系初步选择,并初步探讨了树高、胸径、中央直径及其相互作用对材积生长量的影响,进而找出影响材积生长的主要因子。研究表明,中央直径是影响材积的主要性状,性状对材积的影响依次为中央直径〉胸径〉树高。胸径与中央直径的相关较紧密,而胸径与树高、中央直径与树高的相关不同家系表现各异。     

杂交大豆生殖生长期冠层生理及产量构成特征

以吉林省审定的杂交豆1号、杂交豆2号2个杂交大豆品种和同熟期常规品种吉育72和吉林30为材料,探讨生殖生长期杂交大豆高产冠层生理,分析产量构成特性,明确杂交大豆增产部分生理机制。结果表明,2010-2011年,杂交大豆比常规品种分别增产13.9%和16.7%。杂交大豆R6期以后叶片叶绿素含量,R2(始花期)~R7(成熟初期)期光合速率和R2~R4 (盛荚期)期叶面积指数均显著高于常规品种,2010年杂交豆1号和杂交豆2号最大叶面积指数分别为8.09和8.30,远高于常规大豆最大适宜叶面积指数,且生育后期叶面积指数没有陡然下降。杂交大豆品种R2~R7期生物产量均显著或极显著高于常规品种,生物产量平均积累速度和最大积累速度分别比常规品种高0.06 g d^–1和0.20 g d^–1,干物质积累速率加快时间和积累速率开始减缓时间分别比常规品种提前3.09 d和5.85 d,干物质积累早发优势显著。杂交大豆百粒重、主茎荚、粒重与常规大豆差异不显著,但分枝荚、粒重极显著增加。而杂交大豆R7期籽粒占生物产量比例和粒茎比与常规品种差异不显著。表明强大的冠层优势,快速的干物质积累和较高生物产量,是杂交大豆高产的生物学基础。