In vitro properties of diffuse cytoplasmic esterase-positive canine mononuclear leukocytes

Depletion of cytoplasmic esterase-positive canine peripheral blood monocytes from mononuclear cell suspensions was attempted using plastic adherence, carbonyl iron ingestion and/or Sephadex G-10 filtration. An esterase-positive, nonadherent, nonphagocytic subpopulation was identified and further characterized by the presence or absence of cell membrane receptors for the Fc portions of immunoglobulin and the activated third component of complement. The majority of these nonadherent cells lacked these receptors. The data suggests that canine peripheral blood monocytes are a heterogenous cell population.     

Comparison of antibody values in sera of pigs vaccinated with a subunit or an attenuated vaccine against classical swine fever

Ten pigs, aged 85 days, were vaccinated with a subunit vaccine containing 32 g of classical swine fever virus glycoprotein E2 (gp E2) (group 1), and a further 10 pigs were vaccinated with a C strain vaccine (10^4±0.15 TCID₅₀/ml), produced by amplification in minipig kidney (MPK) cell culture (group 2). Nine non-vaccinated pigs served as a control group (group 3). Serum samples were collected before (day 0) and at 4, 10, 21 and 28 days after vaccination and were analysed by two commercially available enzyme immunoassays and by a neutralizing peroxidase-linked assay (NPLA). At the same times, peripheral blood was taken for determining the total leukocyte count and the body temperature was taken daily. Antibodies were not detected in serum samples collected before vaccination (day 0), and no side-effects that could be connected with vaccination were observed during the trial. Ten days after vaccination 6/10 pigs vaccinated with the subunit vaccine were seropositive. On days 21 and 28, the ratios of serologically positive to vaccinated pigs were 9/10 and 10/10, respectively. Four of the ten pigs that were vaccinated with the C strain vaccine were positive on day 21 and 9/10 on day 28. However, the results of the NPLA showed that only 4/10 pigs had an antibody titre >1:32 at the end of the trial in both the vaccinated groups, even though the subunit vaccine initiated an earlier and higher level of neutralizing antibodies than the vaccine produced from the C strain. Challenge was performed 28 days after vaccination on four randomly selected pigs from both vaccinated groups. The pigs survived the challenge without showing any clinical signs of classical swine fever (CSF), while two nonvaccinated control pigs died on the 10th and 12th days after infection.     

鸽新城疫四元材料蜂胶佐剂灭活苗免疫期试验研究

采用四批四元材料混合病毒（鸡胚尿囊液、羊水、尿囊膜、羊膜）制备的鸽新城疫（No）蜂胶佐剂灭活疫苗（0701、0702、0703、0704）分别免疫30日龄非免疫健康鸽,不定期采血,连续检测HI抗体的动态变化,这四批疫苗免疫后5d均可检测出抗体,14d达到最高峰（平均为11．31log2）,6个月的平均HI抗体滴度均在6．4log2以上。因此,该苗对鸽的ND免疫保护期至少为6个月。     

上海地区多种动物戊型肝炎血清学调查

在上海地区收集血液样品(猪、牛、山羊、马、鸡、鸭、鸽、犬和部分珍禽等)964份,应用双抗原夹心酶联免疫法(DS-ELISA)检测抗HEV抗体。结果表明,猪抗HEV抗体的阳性率为72.18%(301/417),其中母猪阳性率最高,为82.53%(222/269),育成猪阳性率为52.54%(62/118),保育猪阳性率为50.00%(15/30);22个猪场均检测到抗HEV抗体阳性猪,阳性率高于60%的猪场有16个,占阳性猪场的72.72%。在牛、山羊、马、鸡、鸭、鸽等血清中也检测到了抗HEV抗体,阳性率分别为6.00%,24.00%,16.00%,1.90%,12.77%和4.44%,明显低于猪群的阳性率。在宠物犬中检测到了抗体阳性犬,阳性率为17.82%(18/101),说明犬对HEV易感。珍禽中野鸭、火烈鸟对HEV也有一定的敏感性,阳性率分别为6.60%(1/15)和10%(1/10),在孔雀和鸵鸟的血清标本中未检测到HEV抗体。猪群中戊型肝炎病毒存在较普遍,其他与人类密切相关的多种动物也对HEV敏感。     

鸡贫血病雏鸡ND免疫后局部免疫组织抗体生成细胞变化

对感染鸡贫血病毒（ＣＡＶ）雏鸡新城疫（ＮＤ）疫苗免疫及其强毒攻击后局部免疫组织——盲肠扁桃体和哈德尔腺的ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＧ和ＩｇＭ抗体生成细胞数量的动态变化进行了检测。结果发现,ＣＡＶ感染雏鸡ＮＤ免疫后７、１４、２８ｄ及新城疫强毒（ｖＮＤＶ）攻击后,上述免疫组织的三种抗体生成细胞数量均不同程度地低于未感染ＣＡＶ的ＮＤ免疫对照雏鸡。其中盲肠扁桃体弥散区的ＩｇＡ减少最为明显。表明ＣＡＶ感染雏鸡消化道和呼吸道局部免疫组织对新城疫疫苗的体液免疫应答功能降低。新城疫强毒攻击后ＣＡＶ感染ＮＤ免疫雏鸡的免疫保护率也明显低于未感染ＣＡＶ的免疫对照雏鸡。     

Kinetics of immune response to foot-and-mouth disease virus (type Asia 1) in experimental cattle

Humoral and mucosal (secretory antibody)immune response to FMDV type Asia 1 in cattle was analyzed after vaccination and infection using virus neutralizing test (VNT). Vaccination (1/16th the usual dose) failed to protect cattle from generalized clinical disease following experimental FMDV Asia 1 infection. Our results showed that infection induced higher and prolonged serum antibody titres indicating antigen mass is important for optimal immune response. Experimental FMDV infection induced significant secretory antibody (mucosal) response in cattle. Though, there was no difference in the serum antibody response between the cattle that developed generalized infection (unprotected) and those with only localized infection (protected), secretory antibody response differed, wherein the unprotected cattle had higher secretory response than protected cattle. Thus, FMDV Asia 1 infection stimulates a similar serum antibody response and a unique secretory antibody response among the infected cattle. An erratum to this article can be found at     

Development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to subgroup A avian leukosis virus

Avian leukosis virus subgroup A (ALV‐A) is a retrovirus which infects egg‐type chickens and is the main pathogen of lymphoid leukosis (LL) and myeloid leukosis (ML). In order to greatly enhance the diagnosis and treatment of clinical avian leukemia, two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to ALV‐A were developed by fusion between SP2/0 and spleen cells from mice immunized with expressed ALV‐A env‐gp85 protein. Using immunofluorescence assay (IFA), two MAbs reacted with ALV‐A, but not with subgroups B and J of ALV. Western blot tests showed that molecular weight of ALV‐A envelope glycoprotein recognized by MAbs was about 53 kD. Isotyping test revealed that two MAbs (A5C1 and A4C8) were IgG1 isotypes. These MAbs can be used for diagnosis and epidemiology of ALV‐A.     

违规放牧行为的博弈分析及对策研究

中国超过1/3的天然草地处于退化、沙化状态。退牧还草政策是应对草地退化的重要措施。退牧还草政策实施过程中常有违规放牧现象。本文采用博弈论方法,分析牧户和政府双方的策略集合,得出最优策略,并进行模拟计算。结果表明：提高违规放牧被检查到的概率,降低检查成本和增加罚款金额等措施,可促使牧户减少违规放牧行为。据此,我们提出减少或者杜绝违规放牧行为的措施主要包括：规划安置点将牧户由分散居住转为集中居住;违规放牧行为的检查工作由社会招聘监察人员和牧户监督员承担;划定管护责任区域,由常驻人员进行管护区域内的违规放牧检查工作;根据各地具体情况,设置合理罚款金额。本研究可为制定遏制违规放牧的对策提供依据,促进草原地区人口、资源和环境的协调发展。     

短时高温处理对意大利蝗卵子发生期HSP70蛋白表达的影响

本研究采用免疫组织化学分析方法,测定了HSP70蛋白在意大利蝗卵子发生期的表达定位及33~42℃高温处理对其相对表达量的影响。结果表明,1)在卵黄发生前期,卵母细胞和滤泡细胞均表达HSP70蛋白,而在卵黄发生期和卵黄发生后期,HSP70蛋白阳性表达位于滤泡细胞;2)在33~42℃温度范围内,随着温度升高,意大利蝗卵子发生期HSP70蛋白相对表达量呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势;其中36℃处理组HSP70蛋白相对表达量最高,显著高于27℃对照组(P0.05);42℃处理组HSP70蛋白相对表达量最低,但与27℃对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。短时高温处理对意大利蝗卵子发生期HSP70蛋白相对表达量有显著影响,推测HSP70蛋白的表达在意大利蝗抵抗短时高温胁迫过程中具有重要作用。