净能体系在肉鸡应用中的研究进展

能量是肉鸡各种生命活动的基础,也是肉鸡饲料中价格占比最高的元素,主要源于日粮中碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质的化学能。准确评估肉鸡能量需要量和日粮成分能量水平在肉鸡营养和生产中具有重要的科研和经济价值。代谢能（ME）体系是目前用于家禽饲料原料能值评定的成熟体系,在家禽营养和配方中被广泛使用。但和净能（NE）体系相比,代谢能体系忽略了饲料中不同原料成分摄食和消化过程中的热增耗（HI）差异对原料能值评价的影响,降低了原料能值评定的准确性。因此,作者结合国内外肉鸡净能相关研究进展,重点就肉鸡净能测定方法、肉鸡原料净能预测方程和影响肉鸡净能体系应用因素等方面进行综述讨论,以期为净能体系在肉鸡生产中的应用提供参考。     

碎片化移动微学习在兽医微生物学课程教学中的应用

兽医微生物学是动物医学本科课程体系中的一门专业基础课,涉及内容广,知识更新快。有限的课堂时间无法满足学生对学科前沿知识的学习期待,传统填鸭式的教学模式不能有效发挥学生的主动性,从而影响教学质量的提高。基于智能手机的碎片化移动微学习,由于迎合了娱乐式学习和终身学习的需求,目前已广泛应用于外语类文科课程的教学过程中,但在微生物学等非文科类专业尚未全面推广。介绍了碎片化移动微学习的概念和研究现状,分析了其在兽医微生物学教学中的应用,以期为相关学科的教学改革提供参考。     

饲料中无机元素分析方法研究进展

饲料中所含的无机元素对动物生长具有重要意义。在饲料中过量添加无机元素会导致环境污染问题,也会通过食物链最终危害消费者的身体健康,因此,对饲料产品中的无机元素进行检测和动态监控尤为重要。综述了近年来饲料中无机元素含量检测主要应用的前处理方法及其含量检测技术,分析了不同前处理方法和含量检测技术的优点和不足,以期为饲料中无机元素分析方法的科学、合理应用提供参考。     

啤酒糟制备低聚木糖功能饲料添加剂酶解条件优化

为提高啤酒糟的饲用价值,开发啤酒糟功能性饲料添加剂,对啤酒糟采用碳酸钠和双氧水进行预处理,采用单因素试验和响应面分析法,对啤酒糟制备低聚木糖饲料添加剂的酶解条件进行了研究。结果表明:当初始pH5.5,木聚糖酶201 U/g,纤维素酶248 U/g,酶解温度48℃,酶解时间3 h时,啤酒糟中低聚木糖含量为23.8673 mg/g。     

家蚕体液碱性小分子蛋白Bm8K的序列分析和纯化鉴定

对NCBI公布的一种家蚕碱性小分子蛋白(GenBank登录号:AY655143.1)进行序列分析,发现该蛋白与胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白(insulin-like growth factor binding protein,IGFBP)的氨基酸序列具有相似性,特别是与IGFBP的N端功能区域匹配程度较高,推测此蛋白可能是IGFBP家族中的一员。采用凝胶过滤层析和弱阳离子交换层析从家蚕5龄幼虫体液中纯化目的蛋白,经基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)和Western blotting检测鉴定为家蚕Bm8K蛋白,为蛋白的功能分析奠定了基础。     

朊病毒检测方法综述

传染性海绵状脑病(transmissible spongiform encephalopathies,TSEs)是由朊病毒引起的人和多种哺乳动物以神经退行性变化为主要特征的一种慢性消耗性传染病,也称作朊病毒病;其是由体内正常细胞表面的PrP^C转变成PrP^Sc蛋白所导致。但PrP^Sc主要在脑内表达,在其他组织表达量很低,因此快捷准确的诊断方法对于该病有重要意义。作者重点介绍以朊病毒的致病特点为依据建立的检测方法,便于对该疾病的早期诊断、预防以及食品安全检测提供帮助,保障畜牧业的有序发展以及人类的健康。     

提高《兽医内科学》教学质量的探讨

《兽医内科学》是动物医学专业理论性、实践性和系统性较强的临床专业课。通过对兽医内科学教师综合素质培养和教学能力的提高,对课程内容进行调整与丰富教学方法,建立实习基地与加强实践教学等方面进行改革,将教学与社会需求、个人发展相结合,旨在提高教学效率,培养学生的综合应用能力,从而增强学生的就业能力。     

In vitro effects of four tropical plants on three life-cycle stages of the parasitic nematode, Haemonchus contortus

Alcoholic extracts of four tropical plants (Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, Newbouldia laevis, Morinda lucida and Carica papaya) were screened in vitro for potential anti-parasitic effects against eggs, infective larvae and adult Haemonchus contortus. Significant effects were obtained with all four plants but differences were observed depending on the parasitic stage. The effects of the four plant extracts were similar on egg hatching and were dose dependent. In contrast, no dose-response relationship was found for infective larvae and adult worms, although more potent effects were usually observed with the highest concentrations. Using a larval inhibition migration test, extracts of fagara (Z. zanthoxyloides) were found to be less active against Haemonchus infective larvae than were the other plants. N. laevis was found to be highly and rapidly effective against adult worms. Overall, these in vitro results suggest that these four plants, traditionally used by small farmers in Western Africa, do possess anti-parasitic properties. These effects remain to be confirmed through in vivo studies.     

猪尿液中抗菌药物快速筛选拭子法的建立

为防止抗菌药物在动物性食品中的残留,以枯草芽孢杆菌为受试菌,建立一种检测活体动物尿液中抗菌药物残留的快速筛选拭子法,进行宰前活体检疫.添加试验测定猪尿液中5类抗菌药物最低检测限分别为:β-内酰胺类青霉素和氨苄青霉素均为0.05mg/L;氨基糖苷类庆大霉素0.05mg/L、新霉素0.4mg/L;四环素类金霉素0.1mg/L;大环内酯类红霉素0.05mg/L和氟喹诺酮类恩诺沙星0.2mg/L.各抗菌药物添加回收率范围均在64.0%～107.7%,变异系数均小于15%.假阴性结果显示,除青霉素(5%)和氨苄青霉素(4%)出现假阴性外,红霉素、庆大霉素、新霉素、恩诺沙星和金霉素均未出现假阴性.与国外同类试剂盒比较,结果显示两者对10种抗菌药物的检测限一致.     

Smallholders’ perceptions of goat farming in southern Benin and opportunities for improvement

To be successful, initiatives to improve smallholder’s goat production should directly address the needs and objectives of the keepers while promoting rational use of local genetic resources. This paper identifies the objectives, constraints and needs of goat farmers in southern Benin and discusses their relevance to the development of improvement programmes. Between November and December 2005, structured questionnaires, focus group discussions and participant observation were used to collect information from 38 goat farmers in two selected locations. Goats were kept mainly for sale whenever cash was needed. Traits related to reproduction, to behaviour, to health and to meat production were considered equally important and were ranked very highly by goat keepers. Increased net income per flock through increased number of marketable animals is the derived breeding objective from the trait analysis. Disease outbreaks resulting in high mortality, poor housing, and feed shortages were, in descending order, the most important problems. It was concluded that the development of initiatives to improve management practices is an overriding priority. It will lead to increases in productivity in the short term and foster farmers’ participation in the development of long-term improvement strategies, which should include selection and controlled mating.