关于林政资源管理中的几个问题

认为树木即木本植物以树叶形状来进行针、阔二元分类，虽然有它的历史原因，但为了适应时代的发展，应进行改革。行政上禁止采伐天然林中的阔叶林，要考虑天然阔叶林中若属于商品林，则应采取适宜的措施。伐区作业由于材积表产生的误差超过了允许范围，就应该考虑制表过程中往往是注意拟合精度高，而忽略了应用精度。因此若产生误差超过允许范围，可以扣除总的采伐限额，而不应视为超额采伐。     

草原补奖政策下牧户家庭收入的影响研究——以内蒙古锡林郭勒盟为例

为探究草原补奖政策对牧户家庭收入的影响,本研究基于锡林郭勒盟219户牧民调研数据,运用分位数回归模型,对牧民收入的影响因素和作用程度进行分析。结果显示：草原补奖政策促进牧民增收,尤其是对低收入牧户家庭增收效果显著;草场使用面积、年初家畜数量、劳动力比例、家畜出生率及出售率对牧民收入具有显著正影响,当草场使用面积、年初家畜数量分别增加1公顷、1羊单位,人均总收入分别提高0.02%,0.15%;劳动力比例、家畜出生率及出售率分别提高1%时,人均总收入分别提高0.65%,0.43%,1.83%;各因素对不同收入家庭的收入影响及作用程度具有差异性,即随着收入水平的提高,劳动力比例增收效果趋于加强,而家畜出生率和出售率的增收效果则趋于减弱。因此,建议引导牧民发展畜牧业适度规模经营、加大畜牧业社会化服务体系建设等以提高牧民收入水平。     

中国热带森林的分布、类型和特点

分析了中国热带森林的分布、类型和特点。中国热带林业的几个基本数据：热带有林地总面积为1125．66万hm2；热带林分面积为1074．49万hm2；热带天然林总面积为607．38万hm2；热带人工林总面积为467.11万hm2；热带林木总蓄积为6．6亿m3。中国热带森林面积在世界各国中约占第18位。并针对中国热带森林的特点．提出了中国热带森林的经营对策。     

重点国有林区森林资源管理政策变革措施分析

重点国有林区天然林资源保护工程实施5年后,工程区内各级森林资源管理部门仍然沿用既往政策,已不适应新时期林业发展的趋势,更不利于森林资源的保护与利用。文中对尽快实施森林分类经营、规范林权流转、适度采伐人工商品林等森林资源管理政策提出了变革建议与对策。     

天然林资源保护政策问题分析及建议

天然林资源保护政策存在的问题可概括为三大类,即天保政策实施前历史沉淀下来的问题、天保政策方案设计中存在的问题和天保政策执行中存在的问题。在深入分析的基础上,提出了促进天保政策良性运行的思路和进一步完善天保政策的具体建议。     

A diagnostic survey of shifting cultivation in northern Laos: targeting research to improve sustainability and productivity

About 25% of Laos' four million people practise shifting cultivation (mainly of rice) on a third of the country's cropped area. Official policy is to eliminate shifting cultivation by the year 2000. Diagnostic surveys of shifting cultivation were conducted in Luang Prabang and Oudomsay Provinces in northern Laos to understand the practice from a farmer's perspective, to observe fields, and to identify and give priority to problems and research to address problems. Weeds, low and possibly declining soil fertility, intensification of the cropping cycle, rats (plus birds, wild pigs), and insects lowered rice yields or reduced system sustainability. The forest ecosystem has been degraded by logging, burning, and rice monocropping; and potentials for environmental rehabilitation through natural succession are minimal. Farmers cannot adopt high labor and cash cost innovations; and improved fallow is needed as an intermediate step prior to crop diversification, adoption of agroforestry technologies, and sedentary agriculture.     

A Perspective of Urban Forestry Policy and Management Methodologies in China

INTRODUCTION China is the country with the largest number of people in the world. In the past 20 years, the rapid urbanization proceeding had brought huge pressure on the ecology, environment and economy. The European practice showed that the ecological and environmental problem in the city could be solved by developing Urban Forestry (Konijnendijk 2003; Chai Yixin et al. 2004; Konijnendijk et al. 2005). Additionally, urban forestry policy formulation and management methodologies are t…     

Do “stakeholders” represent citizen interests? An empirical inquiry into assessments of policy aims in the National Forest Programme for Germany

Participatory National Forest Programmes (NFPs) intend to democratise forest sector policy, but they may suffer from a fundamental democratic legitimisation deficit since the stakeholders involved are neither democratically authorised nor accountable to the population. In order to scrutinise the empirical relevance of this problem in the case of the German NFP, it is analysed how the German population on the one hand and the NFP participants on the other hand assess central forest policy aims of the NFP, and how far both assessments coincide. Two surveys based on identical questionnaires are used as the data base. The respondents assessed the importance of the respective aims as well as at their implementation. Results show that the population considers the majority of the NFP aims to be generally relevant, but assesses the majority of the aims significantly differently from the stakeholders. The formal legitimisation deficit of the German NFP therefore also matters in terms of content. Discussing the NFP among the elected representatives and in the public seems indispensable.Moreover, the differences in the assessment of some policy aims are significantly dependent on how people judge the image of forest enterprises between the opposing poles of profit orientation and nature protection. Public acceptance of those aims could be furthered more appropriately by adjusting the partly incorrect image of forestry rather than by providing more information about the particular aims and their background.     

FORESTAR：A decision—support system for multi—objective forest management in Northeast China

Past monoculture forestry in China has contributed to countrywide ecological disasters and economic difficulties in forestry regions. China‘s new forestry programs, Natural Forest Conservation Program and Returning Farmlands to Forests Program, provide opportunities for ecosystem management of mountain forests in China. A decision support system, FORE-STAR, has been developed for better managing and protecting natural forests in Changbai Mountain area. It uses GIS-based forest inventory data at a scale of forestry bureau. The first version contains two sub-modules: forest operation and forest res-toration. Under each sub-module, users can compare several decision options and make optimal choices. It can help field for-esters, forest managers, and policy makers make multi-objective and consistent decisions in planning forest management at hierarchical administrative scales.     

关注林权:中国集体林政策研究国际研讨会综述

公共资源面对的挑战、风险与机遇受到国际社会的关注。文章以“国际公共资源研究协会第十届大会”为背景,对中国集体林研究课题的成果、相关国际会议内容及专家发言作了介绍。研究成果主要形成8个专题报告,国际会议分“中国集体林政策和法律框架的总体回顾”和“中国集体林与生态保护、公司 社区模式”两个部分展开,并形成了5点结论。