桃花粉活性检测和离体萌发特性的研究

果树花粉活力直接影响授粉、受精乃至座果。为了解果树品种的花粉生活力,给引种栽培和杂交育种工作创造有利条件,以桃花粉为试验材料,采用染色方法检测花粉的活性。试验结果表明,含有蓝墨水的花粉培养基,花粉萌发率可以达到64.67%,与对照相比差异不明显,因此该方法比较适合于快速检测花粉活性;固体培养基培养2个品种桃花粉,萌发率比液体培养基培养分别高25%和20%。另外温度、花粉密度、培养基中蔗糖及硼酸浓度都对花粉萌发率和花粉管长度有影响,在温度为24℃、1粒花药/100 μL、10%的蔗糖或100 mg/L的硼酸的条件下,均有利于花粉萌发和花粉管生长。     

酸枣花器官结构、花粉形态及生活力比较研究

为了给酸枣花器官研究、花粉生活力的快速测定提供理论依据,笔者测定了不同的酸枣类型花器官结构、花粉形态及花粉萌发率和生活力的差异。结果表明：（1）不同的酸枣类型花序花朵数、花冠直径、蜜盘直径、雄蕊长度等方面都有不同程度的差异。花序花朵数一般在2~9个;单花雄蕊个数为5个;蜜盘颜色一般有淡黄色和黄绿色2种。（2）酸枣花粉比较小,通常在18.86~26.19 μm,以近球形为主,萌发孔以三孔沟居多。（3）不同的酸枣类型花粉的萌发率存在显著差异,其中酸枣4的萌发率最高,为32.54%;TTC法和I-KI法测定的花粉生活力显著高于离体培养法,测定值误差较大,故离体培养法更适合酸枣花粉生活力的测定。     

不同锌水平对荷斯坦种公牛精液品质及血液理化指标的影响

【研究目的】本文旨在研究不同锌水平日粮对荷斯坦种公牛精液品质和血液理化指标的影响。【方法】选取30头荷斯坦种公牛,随机分为5组,A为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,B、C、D、E组锌的添加水平分别为50、80、110、200mg/kg,试验期8个月。【结果】结果表明,（1）不同锌水平对荷斯坦种公牛精子活力、射精量、精子密度影响极显著（P<0.01）;对精子顶体完整率无显著影响(P>0.05),能显著降低精子畸形率（P<0.05）。（2）不同锌水平对荷斯坦种公牛血清中睾酮含量影响极显著（P<0.01）,对血清锌、精清锌和精清睾酮含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。（3）不同锌水平对荷斯坦种公牛精清中谷草转氨酶（GOT）活性影响极显著（P<0.01）,对碱性磷酸酶（AKP）和谷丙转氨酶（GPT）活性有显著影响（P<0.05）,对乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性无显著影响(P>0.05);对血清中GOT和GPT活性影响极显著（P<0.01）,对AKP和LDH活性无显著影响(P>0.05)。【结论】综合分析不同锌水平试验牛生理生化指标的变化,本次试验研究表明：锌的适宜添加量为110mg/kg日粮干物质。     

Water Deficit Reduced Fertility of Young Microspores Resulting in a Decline of Viable Mature Pollen and Grain Set in Rice

Pollen formation in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) is highly vulnerable to environmental stresses such as heat, chilling and drought. In rice plants exposed to drought during male reproductive development, the most obvious damage often observed is a decline in the number of engorged pollen and grain set. This has been well characterized in rice under chilling and to a lesser extent under drought stress. Moreover, detailed literature on the immediate effects of drought on developing young microspores in rice is still limited. Here, we report findings from experiments on rice plants exposed to water deficit for three consecutive days during early stages of anther development. When the osmotic potential of the growing medium was equal to or less than −0.5 MPa, as induced by polyethylene glycol, the leaf water potential was significantly lowered and grain set was reduced. A strong correlation between grain set and viable young microspores (P < 0.001, r² = 0.8223) indicates that water deficit immediately reduced fertility of rice plants at the time of exposure. This result suggests a new underlying mechanism of water deficit-induced pollen abortion in rice.     

脱水对万寿竹种子发芽及部分抗逆生理指标的影响

[目的]探究万寿竹种子脱水过程中,发芽及部分抗逆生理指标的变化情况,为万寿竹种子贮藏及采收提供理论依据.[方法]利用室温硅胶干燥法获得45.90％、40.50％、38.07％、33.08％、27.26％、16.67％、14.63％7个含水量梯度的种子,以未干燥的种子(49.12％)为空白对照,分别测定各个含水量梯度种子的生活力、发芽率、电导率、CAT、SOD、POD、AsA-POD活性、MDA、可溶性蛋白质含量.[结果]种子含水量保持在33.08％以上时,能保持较高的生活力、发芽率,当含水量下降到33.08％以下时,种子发芽率和生活力开始显著下降.[结论]万寿竹种子不耐脱水,属于顽拗性种子,贮藏时含水量应保持在33.08％以上.     

兜兰花粉活力及柱头可授性探究

本研究以‘绿肉饼’兜兰为试验材料,用扫描电子显微镜对其花粉块进行研究分析。结果显示,花粉块可分为两半,表面光滑呈现紧密网状结构。为获得‘绿肉饼’人工授粉最佳时间,采用TTC (氯化三苯基四氮唑)染色和联苯胺-过氧化氢法进行花粉活力及柱头可授性的研究。TTC染色法结果表明,‘绿肉饼’的花粉活力呈现从弱到强再到弱的趋势,其中开花15~20 d的花粉活力最大,授粉率较高;联苯胺-过氧化氢法结果表明,‘绿肉饼’的柱头可授性随开花时间先弱后强再变弱,其中开花10~20 d的柱头可授性最高。     

TTC法测定山豆根种子生活力条件的优化

以山豆根种子为实验材料,采用TTC法测定生活力,分别通过正交试验、单因素试验和Central Composite Design响应面试验对测定条件进行优化,从TTC浓度、染色温度和染色时间为指标。结果显示,各因素对种子生活力测定的影响差异不显著;单因素试验的最佳测试条件为TTC浓度0.7%、染色温度40 ℃、染色时间4 h;Central Composite Design响应面试验优化后,最佳测试条件与单因素试验结果一致。表明用响应面分析法对TTC法测定山豆根种子生活力的条件进行优化是可靠的。     

地中海仙客来花粉生活力研究

为进行种内繁殖及种间杂交,利用TTC染色法对4种不同类型的地中海仙客来花粉活力进行测定,同时利用I₂-KI染色法和花粉萌发法对H型花粉活力进行了测定。结果表明：TTC染色法是测定地中海仙客来花粉生活力的最佳方法。不同类型地中海仙客来在花粉活力及持续期上均存在明显差异;开花后第2~3天是采集花粉的最佳时期;H型及B型花粉开花后第5天,L型第7天,X型第12天花粉生活力仍在40%以上,可利用此花粉进行授粉。本研究为地中海仙客来杂交授粉提供了重要依据。     

卵黄和低密度脂蛋白对冷冻保存绵羊精子胆固醇、磷脂含量的影响

为了探索绵羊冷冻精液受精率低的原因,在稀释液中用低密度脂蛋白代替卵黄冷冻绵羊精液,研究LDL对冷冻中精子脂类含量的影响。结果表明,以卵黄稀释液冷冻精液,精子胆固醇含量从鲜精的234．54nmol／10^9降低到163．76nmol／10^9精子,胆固醇与磷脂的比值（c／p）从0．54下降到0．36;以9g／100mL LDL代替卵黄,冷冻后胆固醇含量为243．73nmol／10^9精子,c／p值保持在0．50。研究得出在卵黄稀释液中冷冻绵羊精液,精子胆固醇流失,c／p值下降;以LDL代替卵黄,可有效保护精子胆固醇,避免流失,维持了精子c／p值。     

Viability of maternally heat-stressed mouse zygotes in vivo and in vitro

Mammalian preimplantation embryos are susceptible to heat stress. This present study examined how maternal heat stress affects the development of mouse zygotes in vivo and in vitro. In Experiment 1, zygotes collected from female mice that were heat‐stressed for 12 h on day 1 of pregnancy were cultured in vitro. Maternally heat‐stressed zygotes developed normally to the two‐cell stage, but the majority of embryos failed to develop into morulae or blastocysts. In Experiment 2, pregnant mice were heat‐stressed on day 1 or from day 1 to day 3 of pregnancy. The number of living fetuses on day 14 of pregnancy was lower in heat‐stressed mice than in non‐stressed mice, but the difference was significant only in successively heat‐stressed mice. These results demonstrate that maternally heat‐stressed zygotes have reduced in vitro viability, but this phenomenon does not necessarily lead to embryo loss in the maternal environment.