蝴蝶兰花粉活力及柱头可授性研究

蝴蝶兰花粉和柱头具有较高的活性,是确保其杂交成功的关键。为获得蝴蝶兰人工授粉的最佳时间参数,通过电镜扫描和TTC（氯化三苯基四氮唑）染色,对蝴蝶兰品种‘天香公主’的花粉活力进行研究,并用联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定其柱头可授性。结果表明,蝴蝶兰花粉块随着开放时间的延长,体积减小,颜色加深,质地变硬,活力减弱。TTC染色法检测表明,花粉活力率（染色率）大小为：开放1 天＜花蕾期＜花蕾展开期。柱头可授性测定显示,蝴蝶兰开花10~30 天内进行人工杂交能获得较高的成功率,其中10~15天授粉率最高。     

脱水对万寿竹种子发芽及部分抗逆生理指标的影响

[目的]探究万寿竹种子脱水过程中,发芽及部分抗逆生理指标的变化情况,为万寿竹种子贮藏及采收提供理论依据.[方法]利用室温硅胶干燥法获得45.90％、40.50％、38.07％、33.08％、27.26％、16.67％、14.63％7个含水量梯度的种子,以未干燥的种子(49.12％)为空白对照,分别测定各个含水量梯度种子的生活力、发芽率、电导率、CAT、SOD、POD、AsA-POD活性、MDA、可溶性蛋白质含量.[结果]种子含水量保持在33.08％以上时,能保持较高的生活力、发芽率,当含水量下降到33.08％以下时,种子发芽率和生活力开始显著下降.[结论]万寿竹种子不耐脱水,属于顽拗性种子,贮藏时含水量应保持在33.08％以上.     

Effect of proline-spirooxindole on viability and apoptosis of non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of proline-spirooxindole on the viability and apoptosis of human non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells. METHODS:The effect of proline-spirooxindole on the viability of A549 cells was determined by CCK-8 assay. The apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The effects of proline-spirooxindole on the expression of PARP and p53 and the phosphorylation of mTOR were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:After A549 cells were treated with proline-spirooxindole (25, 50 and 100 mg/L), the cell viability was decreased (P<0.01) compared with DMSO control group. The apoptotic rate was increased compared with DMSO control group (P<0.01). The protein expression of p53 was up-regulated, the increased apoptotic protein cleaved PARP was observed, and the phosphorylation of mTOR was inhibited (P<0.01). CONCLUSION:Proline-spirooxindole inhibits the viability of A549 cells and induces apoptosis, which may be related to the phosphorylation of mTOR.     

Effect of beclin-1 gene silencing on TuAKe-injured gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells

AIM: To observe the effect of beclin-1 silencing by the technique of RNA interference on the injury of human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell by Sheliugu extract (the extract from tuber of Amorphophallus konjac, TuAKe). METHODS: To knock down the expression of beclin-1 gene, SGC-7901 cells were transfected with lentiviral vector carrying beclin-1-shRNA. The beclin-1 gene knock-down and non-knock-down SGC-7901 cells were treated with TuAKe. The cell viability was analyzed by CKK-8 assay. The percentages of apoptotic cells were detected by flow cytometry. The expression of beclin-1 and LC3 was detected by Western blot. RESULTS: The beclin-1 gene silencing decreased the protein expression of beclin-1 and increased the protein expression of LC3 in the SGC-7901 cells, leading to the decrease in cell viability and the increase in apoptotic rate (P<0.05). TuAKe increased the protein expression of beclin-1 and LC3 in the SGC-7901 cells, and decreased the protein expression of LC3 in the SGC-7901 cells with beclin-1 gene silencing, thus inhibiting the cell viability and increasing the apoptotic rate (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Beclin-1 gene silencing inhibits the activation of beclin-1-related signaling pathway in gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells, and aggravates the injury of cell viability induced by TuAKe.     

FAM3C activates Akt to promote viability of oral squamous-cell carcinoma cells

AIM: To investigate the expression and roles of family with sequence similarity 3, member C (FAM3C) in oral squamous-cell carcinoma cells. METHODS: The mRNA and protein expression levels of FAM3C in dysplastic oral keratinocyte (DOK) and oral squamous-cell carcinoma WSU-HN6 cells were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The WSU-HN6 cells were treated with siFAM3C or FAM3C antibody. After 24, 48 and 72 h, the viability of WSU-HN6 cells was measured by CCK-8 assay, and the activation of protein kinase B (Akt) was detected by Western blot. Adenovirus was used to mediate over-expression of FAM3C in the DOK cells. The DOK cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay after adenovirus infection for 24, 48 and 72 h, and the activation of Akt was detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the DOK cells, the mRNA and protein levels of FAM3C were significantly increased in the WSU-HN6 cells (P<0.05). The viability of WSU-HN6 cells transfected with siFAM3C was significantly inhibited at 48 h and 72 h (P<0.05). siFAM3C treatment inhibited the activation of Akt (P<0.05). FAM3C antibody treatment also suppressed the viability of the WSU-HN6 cells at 48 h and 72 h and the activation of Akt (P<0.05). Over-expression of FAM3C in the DOK cells promoted the cell viability at 48 h and 72 h and activated Akt (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: FAM3C might promote oral squamous-cell carcinoma cell growth by activating Akt.     

Estimates of minimum viable population sizes for vertebrates and factors influencing those estimates

Population size is a major determinant of extinction risk. However, controversy remains as to how large populations need to be to ensure persistence. It is generally believed that minimum viable population sizes (MVPs) would be highly specific, depending on the environmental and life history characteristics of the species. We used population viability analysis to estimate MVPs for 102 species. We define a minimum viable population size as one with a 99% probability of persistence for 40 generations. The models are comprehensive and include age-structure, catastrophes, demographic stochasticity, environmental stochasticity, and inbreeding depression. The mean and median estimates of MVP were 7316 and 5816 adults, respectively. This is slightly larger than, but in general agreement with, previous estimates of MVP. MVPs did not differ significantly among major taxa, or with latitude or trophic level, but were negatively correlated with population growth rate and positively correlated with the length of the study used to parameterize the model. A doubling of study duration increased the estimated MVP by approximately 67%. The increase in extinction risk is associated with greater temporal variation in population size for models built from longer data sets. Short-term studies consistently underestimate the true variances for demographic parameters in populations. Thus, the lack of long-term studies for endangered species leads to widespread underestimation of extinction risk. The results of our simulations suggest that conservation programs, for wild populations, need to be designed to conserve habitat capable of supporting approximately 7000 adult vertebrates in order to ensure long-term persistence.     

惰性载体对玫烟色拟青霉产孢和孢子活力的影响

玫烟色拟青霉Paecilomyces fumosorose础地理分布广泛，昆虫寄主多样，能侵染多种昆虫，包括同翅目、鳞翅目、鞘翅目、膜翅目等，是一种重要的昆虫病原真菌。近年来国外有关其生物学、分类、生化和应用的研究报道显著增多，但国内研究较少。虽然该菌寄主广泛，但国内外对其研究主要作为粉虱、蚜虫等刺吸式口器害虫的微生物防治因子。在自然界致病的鳞翅目幼虫虫尸上分离到1株玫烟色拟青霉，其对蚜虫、粉虱等刺吸式口器害虫有较高毒力。本试验利用惰性载体辅以农（副）产品为材料，对其在不同载体上生长、产孢量及对分生孢子存活的影响进行研究，对于开发和利用这一生物防治资源具有较为重要的意义。     

不同LED光质对培养火龙果胚性愈伤组织的影响

以“玫瑰红龙”火龙果成熟胚诱导的愈伤组织为材料,研究不同光质配比的LED光处理对火龙果愈伤组织生长的动态影响。结果表明1红1绿光质配比,12h/d照射,最有利于火龙果愈伤组织的生长,在28d至42d细胞增长最快且活性最高,为0.78-0.75。其次是白光>1红1蓝>1绿1蓝>1红1绿1蓝>红光,在70d培养周期内,第35d是较理想的收获时间。     

GA3不同浓度和施用时期对‘灿烂’兔眼蓝莓花期和生殖能力的影响

本研究以5年生‘灿烂’兔眼蓝莓为试材,以清水为对照,开展 GA₃ 不同浓度和不同施用时期的喷施处理,调查与分析各处理对开花物候期、结果枝比率、平均每枝花朵数、花粉活力、柱头可授性和胚囊活力等参数的影响,以此评价GA₃不同浓度和不同施用时期对蓝莓花期和生殖能力调节的效果,以期探索适用的蓝莓花期延迟技术,为生产栽培花期管理提供科学依据。研究结果表明,GA₃不同浓度和不同时期的处理对‘灿烂’兔眼蓝莓的开花物候期有着明显的影响,随施浓度的增加开花物候期延迟的时间逐渐延长,但同时其结果枝比率、平均每枝的花朵数、花粉活力、柱头可授性和胚囊活力等雌雄器官的生殖能力均逐渐降低。此外,在采果后不同时期第一次喷施500 mg/L GA₃的处理对成花和生殖能力的影响更为显著,整体上呈现为施用时期越早,成花效果越差,雌雄性器官的生殖能力亦越低。综合分析表明,施用GA₃可以延迟其花期7 d左右,但第一次施用时期过早,或施用浓度过高均不同程度地影响蓝莓的成花效果和生殖能力,在采果后第30 d施用500 mg/L的GA₃效果较好。     

花龄对蓝莓柱头可授性及花粉活力的影响

以 南高丛蓝莓‘蓝雨’为试材,研究了花龄对柱头可授性和花粉活力的影响。结果表明：‘蓝雨’蓝莓雌雄性器官的育性具有同步性,有利于自然授粉结实。从花后第1d-5d花粉活力都较高,特别是花后第2d-4d,花粉活力保持在50%以上,是人工辅助授粉花粉的良好收集期;从花后第2d-4d柱头分泌黏液较多,此期柱头具有强可授性,是开展人工辅助授粉的最佳时期。