双峰驼的人工授精及精液冷冻技术

 骆驼配种采用人工授精。其操作技术基本同于马、牛，采输精借用牛的假阴道和输精器。原精用12%蔗糖溶液或7%葡萄糖溶液稀释，实行阴道输精，每次输0.5毫升以上，有效精子数不低于0.8-1.0亿，受胎率达80%（42/52），产羔率75%（39/52）。驼精以蔗甘液稀释和铜纱网漂浮液氮熏蒸慢速降温法。制安瓿冻精65批665支，平均活力0.4，高者达0.5；制颗粒冻精1200余粒，活力0.3-0.5。解冻后室温（14—16℃）保存，平均存活86小时，长者达190小时。1983-1986年共输精92峰，受胎率为76.1%（70/92），产羔率为61.96%（57/92）。在第一次输精的同时，给发情母驼肌注LRH-A诱导排卵，排卵率可达94.4%。     

热应激对长毛兔精液质量的影响

两个试验研究了高温对长毛兔精液质量和某些主要生理指标的影响。试验Ⅰ采用25—35℃为期一周的人工热应激,试验Ⅱ采用南京地区夏季热应激。试验Ⅰ热应激后8天,精子畸形率开始上升,活力和密度下降,4周左右降至最低点,三项指标依次为24％,0.18和6.5亿*毫升。试验Ⅱ的长期热应激还可使精液中持续3周无精子。两试验中精液量和pH值均无显著变化。精液质量在热应激后8周左右恢复正常。高温下,试验兔饮水量显著增加,但血浆中睾酮和皮质醇无显著变化。热应激使长毛兔直肠温度、皮肤温度尤其是阴囊温度上升可能是导致精液质量下降的主要原因。本试验还在扫描电镜下观察了高温对精子微观形态的损害。     

Nicotinic Acid (Niacin) Supplementation in Cooling and Freezing Extenders Enhances Stallion Semen Characteristics

In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the possible protective effects of the nicotinic acid (NA) at three concentrations (10, 20, and 40 mM) on the equine cooled and frozen-thawed spermatozoa quality markers including viability, plasma membrane or acrosome integrity, DNA fragmentation, lipid peroxidation, and total oxidant levels. We also evaluated the effects of NA on preservation of the post-thaw sperm quality after 6 hours of cold storage before freezing. Five stallions were used for semen collections. The current experiment was repeated six times using pooled semen samples from two stallions, each time. We showed that NA at 20 and 40 mM concentrations could significantly improve the stallion sperm quality markers during cold storage. However, the protective effects were not different between 20 mM and 40 mM concentrations in most measures. Nicotinic acid could also improve the post-thaw stallion sperm quality at 10, 20, and 40 mM concentrations. However, the 40 mM concentration showed a negative impact on some post-thaw kinematic sperm parameters. Nicotinic acid at 10 and 20 mM concentrations could preserve the sperm cryo-tolerance to be frozen up to 8 hours after collection without a significant decline in most of the post-thaw sperm quality measures. Nicotinic acid could also decrease the level of the lipid peroxidation and total reactive oxygen/nitrogen species in the cooled and frozen-thawed spermatozoa, in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, NA at 20 mM concentration could preserve most of the stallion sperm quality measures during cold storage (42 hours, 5°C) and enabled storage of cooled stallion semen for 6 hours before freezing without significant deterioration of the post-thaw sperm quality.     

公猪繁殖性能评定

随着规模化养猪业的发展及人工授精技术的普及,公猪繁殖性能已是影响猪场经济效益的重要因素。如何准确评定公猪的繁殖能力,保证人工授精效果,进而保证母猪的繁殖性能的发挥,是养猪人工作中的重要环节。生产实践中最常用的是通过显微镜对猪精细胞水平进行检测。科研人员也在一直研究影响人工授精效果的因素,将精液的检测从细胞水平上升至分子水平,再用分子标记手段将公猪繁殖性能由检测提前至预测,最大限度地保证公猪的繁殖性能,保证优良公猪的性能得到最大程度的发挥。文章从精液品质、人工授精效果、分子水平检测、标记物等几个方面介绍公猪繁殖性能评价时需要衡量的指标,为公猪繁殖性能评定提供参考。     

克罗米芬对少精症公鸡的治疗效果

将30只少精症公鸡分为3组,分别按照0、12.5mg/只日和16.67mg/只日的剂量喂服克罗米芬1周,以研究克罗米芬对少精症公鸡的治疗效果。结果表明:喂服克罗米芬对于繁殖后期患少精症的公鸡的采精量、精子密度无显著效果,鸡血清雄激素含量与精液质量之间也无显著相关。     

Effects of Egg Yolk Source on the Cryopreservation of Stallion Spermatozoa

Three experiments were conducted to determine whether replacement of chicken egg yolk, as a component of freezing extenders, with egg yolk from other avian species would improve the post-thaw motility and percentage of intact acrosomes of stallion spermatozoa. In the first experiment, substitution of chicken egg yolk with chukar egg yolk, as a component of the lactose-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid extender, improved (P ≤ .05) the post-thaw motility of stallion spermatozoa. These results were not replicated in (IMV Technologies, Maple Grove, MN, USA) a more expansive study comparing 2%, 4%, 6%, or 8% egg yolk combined with INRA 96 when a “slow freeze” method was used, or the same substitution at levels ranging from 13% to 22% when egg yolk was combined with lactose-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid for diluents used for a “fast freeze” method of cryopreservation. In the third study, egg yolks from regular and high omega-3 chicken eggs as well as from turkey, chukar, and mallard duck eggs were analyzed for lipid content and fatty acid profile. The yolk from the turkey eggs was higher (1,300 mg/100 g) and that from mallard ducks was lower (560 mg/100 g) in cholesterol as compared with the two types of chicken eggs and chukar egg yolk (range, 1,046-1,094 mg/100 g). In addition, the high omega-3 eggs did test higher for fatty acids (4.51 g/100 g) than other types of eggs (range, 0.28-0.73 g/100 g). Substitution of chicken egg yolk with turkey, but not duck, egg yolk resulted in higher post-thaw total motility (P ≤ .05) for spermatozoa obtained from two of the three stallions used in the third experiment.     

不同稀释液对塞北兔精液保存效果的影响

采用单因子随机分组设计研究了4种不同稀释液对塞北兔精液保存效果的影响.选取同质精液,随机等分为12份,分别用稀释液1、2、3、4按1:1的比例进行稀释.结果表明:稀释液2,即葡萄糖-柠檬酸钠液较其它3种稀释液能明显提高精子的存活时间及生存指数(P<0.01),3、4两种稀释液之间则无明显差异(P>0.05);而稀释液1...     

黑白花种公牛睾丸周径与血浆睾酮、雄烯二酮和皮质醇的关系及对精液品质的影响

将北京公牛站的33头黑白花公牛按年龄分为3组,其中A组(1～2岁)、B组(2～4岁)和C组(4岁以上),每组各11头。详细检查并记录一个月内每头公牛每次采精的精液品质(射精量、精子密度、总精子数及活率)。试验结束时,逐一做睾丸周径测量、质地检查,并做颈静脉采血,测定睾酮、雄烯二酮和皮质醇的含量。计算各项指标的平均值,进行显著性测定、相关测定及多重比较分析。结果表明,B组和C组与A组的睾丸周径有极显著差异(P<0.01);B组和C组的射精量和总精子数与A组也有显著差异(P<0.05,P<0.01);B组和C组外周血液中睾酮水平与A组也有极显著差异(P<0.01);其余各项指标的组间差异不显著。睾丸周径与各组公牛的射精量、精子密度和总精子数之间存在正相关(r=0.11～0.54);睾丸周径与睾酮浓度在A组和C组中为正相关(r=0.49,r=0.42);睾丸周径与雄烯二酮和皮质醇浓度无固定相关关系。     

稀释液中添加维生素E对绵羊冷冻精液品质的影响

采用两步稀释法 ,在绵羊冷冻精液中添加维生素E ,精液稀释平衡后精子活率 ,试验组 (0 .6 35 )高于对照组(0 .5 75 ) ,但无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;而解冻后 ,试验组活率 (0 .4 35 )极显著高于对照组 (0 .36 5 ) (P <0 .0 1) ;精子顶体总异常率 ,试验组 (33.72 % )极显著低于对照组 (4 4 .35 % ) (P <0 .0 1) ,其中试验组顶体膨胀率和脱落率与对照组分别为 1.2 8% ,2 3.0 8%与 2 .6 8% ,2 8.96 %。添加维生素E可以降低冷冻对精子顶体的损害程度 ,提高精液品质。试验也证明在解冻后保存 1h内 ,精子活率呈现缓慢下降的趋势 ,但 1h后活率急剧下降 ,因而 ,绵羊冻精颗粒解冻后应在 1h内输精完毕     

激光辐照绵羊精液对精子磷代谢效应的研究

研究表明，低剂量的氦氖激光可以提高精子的活力和精子对３２Ｐｉ的摄入量，它们两者之间存在有强的正相关关系。说明精子受激光照射后，３２Ｐｉ摄入量的提高对精子的功能状态有重要意义。