Alternatives in Donkey semen cryopreservation: Mare vs. Jenny Colostrum

The aim of this study was to test and compare two new components in extenders for freezing donkey semen: mare colostrum and jenny colostrum. Colostrum was obtained from four mares and four jennies right after the foal's birth. Ejaculates were collected from five fertile donkeys. Sperm samples were pooled, diluted and cryopreserved in three different experimental extender groups: lactose supplemented with egg yolk extender (20%) as the control group, lactose supplemented with jenny colostrum extender (20%), and lactose supplemented with mare colostrum extender (20%). After thawing, we evaluated the sperm motility by means of computer‐assisted analysis, viability by SYBR‐14 and propidium iodide (PI), membrane functional by HOS test and acrosome integrity by isothiocyanate conjugated with peanut agglutinin (FITC‐PNA) and PI. The results demonstrated that lactose–jenny colostrum extender displayed significantly higher values (p < .05) in nearly all parameters evaluated – Total Motility, Viability, HOS test, VCL, VSL, VAP, LIN, STR and WOB –, compared with mare colostrum and egg yolk extenders after thawing. In conclusion, the extender containing jenny colostrum used for donkey semen cryopreservation improved the donkey sperm quality after the freezing–thawing process.     

Rabbit reproductive performance after insemination with buserelin acetate extender

Rabbit farmers and insemination centres have established new requirements relating to males (genetic, nutritional and environmental factors) and rabbit insemination techniques. The aim of this study was to evaluate buserelin acetate on the reproductive performance of nulliparous, multiparous lactating and multiparous non-lactating does inseminated on three commercial farms. Two thousand two hundred and three commercial crossbred does belonging to three commercial farms were inseminated with pooled semen from males of two selected meat lines; R line (UPV rabbit selection centres, Spain) in farms 1 and 2, and PS Hyplus 59 line (Grimaud Frère, France) on farm 3. Ejaculates from 12–20 males from each line were pooled and diluted to twelve million sperm per millilitre by adding TRIS–citrate-extender. Diluted semen from each male line was split into two fractions, the first without buserelin acetate added to semen (Control group) and the second fraction was supplemented with 10 μg of buserelin acetate per millilitre (Buserelin group). Receptive females (red colour of vulvar lips) were inseminated with 0.5 mL using a standard plastic curved pipette. Artificial insemination with semen extended with buserelin resulted in lower pregnancy and kindling rates irrespective of the physiological status of females or the farm (78.7% and 76.0% vs 85.8% and 83.4%, buserelin extender group and control respectively, P < 0.01), although does from both treatment groups had a similar litter sizes (10.4 and 9.6 total and alive born, respectively). This study opened up new prospects for changing rabbit insemination procedures.     

蜜炙酸枣仁炮制工艺初步研究

目的 优选蜜枣仁最佳炮制工艺。方法 以饮片外观、水溶性浸出物、脂肪油、总黄酮、斯皮诺素、酸枣仁皂苷A含量为指标,选定炮制温度、炮制时间、加蜜量三因素,按L₉（3⁴）正交试验设计优选蜜枣仁最佳炮制工艺。结果 通过工艺优化后,蜜枣仁最佳炮制工艺为：炮制温度150℃、炮制时间4.5 min、加蜜量7.5%。结论 优化后的蜜炙酸枣仁工艺稳定可行。     

Changes in Equine Reproduction: Have They Been Good or Bad for the Horse Industry?

In the past four decades there have been tremendous changes in equine reproduction. Most breeds now allow the use of artificial insemination with fresh, cooled and frozen semen. Artificial insemination has many advantages for the breeder, in particular the control of bacteria through the use of semen extenders containing antibiotics. Deposition of sperm in small volumes onto the uterotubal junction has allowed the use of relatively low numbers of sperm. Intracytoplasmic injection of sperm into oocytes allows older, subfertile stallions to be used as breeding stallions. Advances in mare reproduction have included developing tools for hastening the onset of the breeding season. Other advances include embryo transfer, oocyte collection and transfer, and cloning. The acceptance of reproductive technology depends on the success of the technology, the attitude of the breeders/veterinarians, and the cost/benefit ratio to the industry and breed registry.     

多汁饲料对种公牛精液品质的影响研究

[目的]研究青绿多汁饲料对采精种公牛精液品质的影响.[方法]种公牛分为对照组和实验组;A组为对照组,按照常规喂混合干草和配合精料.B组为实验组,B组种公牛加喂青绿多汁饲料, [结果]通过试验B组种公牛的原精合格率、冻精数量和冻后0.4以上活力的冻精数有明显的提高,分别为24.32%、39.92%、52.9%.通过T检验P＜0.01,差异极显著.[结论]对采精种公牛加喂青绿多汁饲料可显著提高冻精数量和活率.     

酸枣仁提取物的生物学作用及其在畜牧生产中的应用

酸枣仁提取物是镇静安神的传统中药,其发挥生物学功能的主要成分是其中的皂苷和黄酮类。该提取物逐步受到中兽医的关注,在畜牧生产中有着广泛的开发利用前景。作者主要综述酸枣仁提取物对中枢神经系统、免疫系统及其在畜牧生产中应用的影响,为其在畜牧生产中的开发应用提供依据。     

淡豆豉中多指标成分的含量测定方法研究

建立淡豆豉中多指标成分含量测定方法,采用HPLC法同时测定淡豆豉中大豆苷元和染料木素含量,UV法测定总异黄酮含量。色谱条件:Agilent HC-C18色谱柱(250×4.6 mm,5.0μm);甲醇-0.1%冰醋酸(50∶50)为流动相;流速1 mL.min-1;检测波长261 nm;柱温30℃;进样量10μL。紫外分光光度计采用261 nm波长测定淡豆豉提取液的吸光度值。结果表明:大豆苷元和染料木素色谱峰的分离度良好,淡豆豉中大豆苷元、染料木素的保留时间分别为9.79和14.87 min,峰面积积分值与进样量呈良好的线性(r>0.9999),平均回收率分别为98.90%和100.53%。总异黄酮含量测定线性范围为1.44～7.20μg.mL-1,平均回收率为102.26%。该法简便易行,能够用于评价淡豆豉质量。     

茳芒对糖尿病大鼠降糖效应的研究

观察不同剂量茳芒水提物对试验性糖尿病大鼠血糖的影响。将70只Wistar大鼠随机分为7组,即正常对照组、模型组、优降糖组、消渴丸组、茳芒水提物剂量组（大、中、小）,每组10只。模型组及各给药组大鼠一次性腹腔注射链脲霉素（0.054 g/kg）造成高血糖动物模型。每日计量灌胃给药1次,连续给药4周。于给药第4周末,麻醉各组受试动物,腹主动脉取血,分别测血常规、血液生化指标。给药4周后,茳芒水提物大、中剂量组可使Wistar大鼠高血糖动物模型血糖水平下降,与模型组比较,具有明显统计学意义的差异（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）,与消渴丸、优降糖具有相似的作用。茳芒水提物可使高血糖大鼠的血糖水平下降,具有降低高血糖大鼠血糖值的作用。     

地中海水牛人工授精效果研究

[目的]为了解意大利地中海水牛冻精的授精效果及其在我国生长适应情况。[方法]利用国内首次引进意大利地中海水牛冻精与我国现有的摩拉、尼里——拉菲和本地水牛进行人工授精,试验选取自然发情的摩拉水牛20头,尼里水牛16头,本地水牛32头,年龄在2.5~9岁之间,采用直肠把握子宫角深部输精法,配种后40 d应用B超进行早期妊娠诊断怀孕情况。[结果]：摩拉、尼里——拉菲和本地水牛受胎率分别为50.00%、75.00%、56.25%,平均人工授精配种受胎率为58.82%,品种间人工授精受胎率差异不显著（P〉0.1）。[结论]表明引进地中海水牛冻精开展杂交组合,改良我国现有的水牛品种,提高其生产性能是切实可行的。     

Effect of Antibiotic-containing Extenders on Taylorella equigenitalis Contaminated Semen

Taylorella equigenitalis is a gram-negative coccobacillus and the causative agent of a transmissible venereal disease in horses known as contagious equine metritis. Outbreaks of contagious equine metritis have been documented in various countries since 1977, with the most recent discovery in the United States in December 2008. During disease occurrences, culturing semen samples for T equigenitalis before breeding may help to prevent transmission of this disease; however, little is known about the antimicrobial activity of equine semen extenders against the organism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the infectivity levels of T equigenitalis in three equine semen extenders inoculated with known concentrations of the organism. The semen extenders used for this study included INRA 96, E-Z Mixin BF, and VMDZ. In addition, Timentin was added to INRA 96 at three different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/mL) to investigate possible synergistic effects of antibiotic supplementation of extenders. Results were based on the visual counting of the colonies on chocolate Eugon agar plates. Both INRA 96 (with added Timentin) and VMDZ (as supplied by the manufacturer) significantly reduced the numbers of T equigenitalis isolated from semen extenders as compared with INRA 96 (as supplied by the manufacturer) or the antibiotic free E-Z Mixin BF. Our findings indicate that INRA 96 (with added Timentin) or VMDZ may significantly decrease the growth of T equigenitalis in extended semen; however, it is also important to consider the possible effects of antibiotic supplemented extenders on sperm longevity and fertility in addition to eliminating specific pathogens in semen.