辣椒秸秆复合基质对西瓜育苗质量的影响

为降低西瓜基质育苗生产成本,采用不同比例的辣椒秸秆与蛭石、珍珠岩进行复配,探讨其对西瓜幼苗形态建成及生理特性的影响,以明确最佳的草炭替代材料.试验设置L1(V辣椒秸秆:V蛭石:V珍珠岩=1:1:1)、L2(V辣椒秸秆:V蛭石:V珍珠岩=2:1:1)、L3(V辣椒秸秆:V蛭石:V珍珠岩=4:1:1)3个处理和对照CK(V...     

Vermicompost as a substitute for peat in potting media: Effects on germination,biomass allocation,yields and fruit quality of three tomato varieties

Commercial potting media often contain substantial amounts of peat that was mined from endangered bog and fen ecosystems. The main objectives of this study were to assess (1) whether the amendment of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% (v/v) of vermicompost (VC) to a fertilized commercial peat potting substrate has effects on the emergence, growth and biomass allocation of tomato seedlings (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under greenhouse conditions, (2) whether possible impacts on seedlings can affect tomato yields and fruit quality even when transplanted into equally fertilized field soil, and (3) whether effects are consistent among different tomato varieties. Amended VC was produced in a windrow system of food and cotton waste mainly by earthworms Eisenia fetida Sav. Vermicompost amendments significantly influenced, specifically for each tomato variety, emergence and elongation of seedlings. Biomass allocation (root:shoot ratio) was affected by VC amendments for two varieties in seedling stage and one field-grown tomato variety. Marketable and total yields of field tomatoes were not affected by VC amendments used for seedling husbandry. However, morphological (circumference, dry matter content, peel firmness) and chemical fruit parameters (contents of C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, l-ascorbic acid, glucose, fructose) were significantly affected by VC amendments in seedling substrates; these effects again were specific for each tomato variety. Overall, vermicompost could be an environmentally friendly substitute for peat in potting media with similar or beneficial effects on seedling performance and fruit quality. However, at least for tomatoes, variety-specific responses should be considered when giving recommendations on the optimum proportion of vermicompost amendment to horticultural potting substrate.     

EDTA对铅胁迫下萝卜芽苗菜生长的影响

以萝卜芽苗菜为材料,在其生长期外施不同浓度EDTA,初步探讨了EDTA对铅胁迫下萝卜芽苗菜部分生理生化特性的影响.结果表明:在300 mg/L铅胁迫浓度下萝卜芽苗菜的膜透性明显增大,过氧化物酶(POD)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、可溶性蛋白含量明显下降.随着外施EDTA浓度的增加,萝卜芽苗菜的膜透性先下降后升高,过氧化物酶(POD)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、可溶性蛋白含量先升后降.就供试材料而言,在一定浓度范围内的EDTA对铅胁迫萝卜芽苗菜的伤害效应有缓解作用,其中以0.75 μmol/L EDTA处理效果最为明显.     

玉米秸秆复配基质对茄子幼苗生长和光合 参数的影响

以沈茄1 号茄子为试材,传统的草炭蛭石混合基质作对照,将玉米秸秆基质与不同粒径沸石
按不同比例混配形成玉米秸秆复配基质,研究其理化性质及在茄子育苗中的应用效果。结果表明,玉米
秸秆基质添加沸石可增加复配基质的持水孔隙度,降低复配基质的pH 值和电导率（EC）,沸石添加量为
20%～40% 时,复配基质理化性状达到育苗要求,且茄子幼苗出苗率、长势、质量优于对照,其中玉米秸
秆基质添加30%（10 目）沸石时茄子幼苗的长势最好,总叶绿素含量、净光合速率最高,且壮苗指数显
著高于对照及其他处理。     

粘果山羊草细胞质对小麦种子发芽率和出苗率的影响

本试验选用粘果山羊草（Ae.Kotschyi）细胞质不育系（简称K型）及相应的保持系、恢复系和杂交种研究了K型胞质材料和普通小麦胞质材料在种子发芽率、出苗率的差异。结果表明：K型胞质材料和普通小麦胞质材料的种子发芽率没有显著差异,浅播（3cm）条件下,K型胞质材料和普通小麦胞质材料种子出苗率没有显著差异,而深播（6cm）条件下,不同核基因材料表现出不一致现象,K型不育系豫麦3号及其杂种表现出偏高的出苗率,但不显著;K型不育系S43及其杂种表现出偏低的出苗率,且达到了极显著水平。     

玉米不同基因型种子发芽及幼苗性状分析

对Ｓ２２、４７８、４８９自交系及其单交、回交、自交后代共１６个基因型的种子发芽和幼苗特性研究表明：①Ｓ２２（深色）、Ｓ２２（中色）、及（Ｓ２２×４８９）自交和回交后代各项指标均较差,且物质运转率低;Ｓ２２（浅色）与４７８相比,发芽率较高,但发芽较慢。②单交种的种子发芽和幼苗特性均随着杂种优势的产生而显著提高,自交、回交后代又随杂种优势的衰退而明显降低。③种子发芽及幼苗特性与粒色有关,受母本胞质基因的影响。④Ｓ２２的种子发芽和出苗特性可以通过后代选择予以改良。     

水稻幼苗活力相关性状的QTLs定位和上位性分析

以籼粳交IR64/Azucena的DH群体109个株系为研究材料, 在黑暗条件下, 通过适温(25～28℃)和低温逆境(16～19℃)对该DH群体的种子进行发芽试验, 测定幼苗中胚轴长度、芽鞘长、根长、苗高等幼苗活力的相关性状. 采用QTLMapper统计软件检测控制这些性状的加性效应QTLs和加性×加性上位性QTLs, 共检测到24个加性效应QTLs和17对上位     

NaCl胁迫对胡萝卜种子萌发、幼苗生长及叶细胞结构的影响

NaCl胁迫明显抑制胡萝h种子萌发,当NaCl浓度为50mmoL／L时,种子发芽率下降1／2,当NaCl浓度达到150mmol／L时,种子发芽率下降82．9％;无论NaCl浓度高低,都对胡萝卜幼苗生长产生抑制作用,使幼苗生长量、干物质积累及含水量显著下降。NaCl浓度对叶细胞结构也有很大影响,随着NaCl浓度的升高,细胞核缩小、变形或降解。     

玉米苗期在盐胁迫下耐盐相关QTL分析

通过对玉米耐盐性状基因的QTL定位,找到耐盐性状控制位点在染色体上的位置,来帮助耐盐玉米品种的选育和基因的克隆。本研究选用耐盐自交系8723和盐敏感自交系P138为材料构建的F2群体,通过Jionmap 4.0软件对F2群体构建分子遗传连锁图谱。构建了一个包含有174个SSR标记位点的分子遗传连锁图谱,平均分布在玉米的10条染色体上共2 764.3 cM,标记区间平均间距为15.88 cM。通过对表型数据的分析,对玉米的4个植株性状进行了QTL定位。结果共检测到8个与玉米苗期耐盐性状相关的QTLs,分别位于2号、4号、6号、9号染色体上。本研究结果为幼苗在盐碱地正常生长提供科学依据。     

镉胁迫对烟草种子萌发和烟苗生长发育的影响

为探讨不同镉（Cd）胁迫对不同烟草品种种子萌发、幼苗生长的生理生态效应的影响,以吉烟9号、吉烟10号、延晒六号3个烟草品种为材料,研究了不同浓度的Cd溶液对烟草种子萌发以及烟苗生长发育的影响。结果表明,Cd胁迫下烟草种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、苗高均受到抑制;烟苗叶绿素含量降低,根冠比变小,生长受到抑制,CAT活性、SOD活性、可溶性糖含量随Cd浓度的增加呈先增后降的趋势,POD活性、MDA含量、Pro含量、Cd含量均随Cd浓度的增加而增加。可见Cd胁迫能不同程度地影响烟草种子萌发和烟苗生长发育,烟苗体内的抗氧化酶系统被破坏,多种酶活性不协调,生理生化过程紊乱,最终导致烟苗受害。