PP_(333)对温室葡萄枝条次生木质部细胞解剖结构的影响

为了研究设施栽培条件下葡萄木质部细胞的特征性结构及其受PP_(333)的影响,试验通过对温室葡萄喷施PP_(333)后的枝条次生木质部细胞的解离、观察,经统计分析,结果表明:(1)不同浓度PP333处理对各类型细胞的X形态结构没有明显影响;(2)浓度不同对各类细胞的长度和直径抑制作用不同,喷施1500mg/L浓度的PP_(333)对其营养生长的抑制效果最好。通过该试验的研究,为更好地探索设施栽培条件下果树的生理生态特征和化学调控技术提供了依据。     

关中奶山羊睾丸不同发育阶段代谢物的差异分析

【目的】 试验旨在从代谢组学角度探究关中奶山羊睾丸发育代谢机制。【方法】 选择1月龄断奶雄性关中奶山羊和24月龄体成熟的雄性关中奶山羊各6只,采集睾丸组织,使用液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS）技术对睾丸组织进行化学检测,通过多维和单维分析相结合的方式对两组不同代谢物进行化学检测、对比与鉴别,通过富集差异代谢物分析筛选关中奶山羊发育代谢中的潜在关键通路。【结果】 在1和24月龄关中奶山羊睾丸组织中共筛选出334个差异代谢物,其中显著上调137个,显著下调197个。对前36个差异代谢物进行比较鉴定发现,分别为脂质和类脂质分子、有机酸及其衍生物、未分类化合物和苯丙烷和聚酮化合物四大类。经相关性分析发现,在1和24月龄关中奶山羊睾丸发育过程中,脂质和类脂质分子与甘油磷脂呈最大正相关,羧基及其衍生物与甘油磷脂呈最大负相关。对不同的代谢物进行富集分析,筛选出7条潜在的重要代谢通路,分别为肿瘤中的胆碱代谢、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、肿瘤中的中心碳代谢、铁死亡、谷胱甘肽代谢、氨酰-tRNA生物组成以及牛磺酸和亚牛磺酸代谢。【结论】 本试验从代谢组学角度揭示了1和24月龄关中奶山羊睾丸的差异代谢物及代谢机制,为今后哺乳动物睾丸的发育研究奠定了基础。     

青钱柳叶片次生代谢产物含量分析

对5个样地青钱柳叶片的鞣质、生物碱、总黄酮、游离蒽醌、绿原酸、皂甙、总酚7种次生代谢产物的含量进行了测定和分析。结果表明:(1)青钱柳叶片中总次生代谢产物的含量在各个样地存在一定的差异,其中天台县华顶山的总次生代谢产物含量最高,其它样地相对较低,其高低顺序为华顶山>钱江源>四明山>庐山>大盘山;(2)相同成分在不同的样地也有差异,青钱柳叶片鞣质含量最高的样地是庐山,生物碱、总黄酮、游离蒽醌、皂甙含量最高的样地是钱江源,绿原酸、总酚以华顶山样地最高;(3)不同样地叶片中各次生代谢产物含量的相关性不高;(4)系统聚类分析显示,5个样地可聚为二类,华顶山、四明山、庐山聚成一类,钱江源、大盘山聚成另一类。     

桑天牛羧酸酯酶和谷胱甘肽S—转移酶与杨树次生代谢物质相关性研究

对取食8种杨树的桑天牛幼虫羧酯酯酶和谷胱甘肽S－转移酶活力进行了测定，证实取食不同杨树的桑天牛幼虫羧酸酯酶和谷胱甘肽S－转移酶活力存在显著差异。采用高效液相色谱法对8种杨树的14种次生代谢物质含量进行了测定，经聚类分析将8种杨树分为2类：加拿大杨、I－214杨、北京杨、J－2杨、J－1杨、山海关杨为一类，毛白杨、新疆杨为另一类。对羧酸酯酶和谷胱甘肽S－转移酶活力与杨树次生代谢物质进行了逐步回归分析，逐步回归方程表明，杨树丁香酸、绿原酸含量高，苯酚、对羟基苯甲酸含量降低，则羧酸酯酶活力会较高；杨树苯酚含量增高，阿魏酸含量降低，则谷胱甘肽S－转移酶活力会较高。     

黑龙江林区伐区二次集材合理选型分析

这篇文章通过生产率和生产成本讨论了黑龙江林区二次集材选型问题。研究结果表明，Ｊ—５０集材拖拉机分别与Ｊ—８０和解放汽车匹配最适宜。Ｊ—８０接运最短距离为０．７３ｋｍ，最长接运距离为１２ｋｍ；解放汽车最适接运为８．４３ｋｍ，超过１２ｋｍ时用汽车直运最合理。     

张家沟集水区林木竞争指数空间分布的探讨

对张家沟集水区内的树木,运用Visual foxpro编写程序计算树木的竞争指数,并对树木所受到的竞争强度的平均值进行统计,根据结果分析树木竞争指数的分布格局。     

Host selection of small cedar longicorn beetle, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Callidiellum rufipenne</Emphasis> (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae), on Japanese cedar, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomeria japonica</Emphasis>, in terms of bark water content of host trees

We caught the adults of a secondary wood-boring insect, Callidiellum rufipenne (Motschulsky), on Japanese cedar, Cryptomeria japonica D. Don., trees and logs with manipulated bark water contents to clarify the mechanism of host selection by C. rufipenne. More C. rufipenne were trapped when the bark water content range was ca. 120–200%. Fewer C. rufipenne were trapped at higher and lower bark water contents. These findings indicate that C. rufipenne adults do not simply select weakened or dying trees. Bark water content is one of important factors for C. rufipenne choosing their host for oviposition.     

Vegetation structure, floristic composition and growth characteristics of Aucoumea klaineana Pierre stands as influenced by stand age and thinning

The coastal forest of Gabon abounds in monospecific secondary Aucoumea klaineana stands derived from natural regeneration after shifting cultivation. This paper aims to describe the changes in the structure and dynamics of these stands with age. It then assesses the impact of selective thinning in the upper storey on both structural and dynamic parameters.

The experiment consisted of 34 Permanent Plots in stands from establishment to more mature stages (ca. 50 years old). Thirteen plots (17–45 years old) were thinned. More than 80% of the removal came from supernumerary dominant A. klaineana.

A. klaineana represented 60% of the total density in stands ca. 15 years old but >90% of the dominant trees in older stands. The changes with age in the floristic composition of the unthinned stands showed three successional stages during which pioneer species associated with A. klaineana (from establishment to ca. 15 years) were progressively replaced by mature forest species.

Basal area increased and density decreased with age before reaching stable values at ca. 40–45 years. Mortality was very high in young stands but decreased in the older ones. Mortality generally affected small diameter individuals in the dominated storey. Diameter and basal area increments showed that the stand growth resulted from the growth of dominant A. klaineana. Diameter increments of A. klaineana were elevated during the first years of colonisation (1.9 cm/year) and were still ca. 0.7 cm/year for 50-year-old dominant trees.

Thinning did not increase the mortality of the dominant population. It favoured the individual growth of A. klaineana. The gain was substantial for dominated trees and small dominant trees (from 60 to 100%) but was lower for large dominant trees (ca. 25–30%). Therefore, stimulation of individual growth did not compensate for the loss of basal area at the stand level.     

Agroforestry diffusion and secondary forest regeneration in the Brazilian Amazon: further findings from the Rondônia Agroforestry Pilot Project (1992–2002)

In July 1992 the Rondônia Agroforestry Pilot Project (RAPP) was launched in two agricultural municipalities (Nova União and Alto Paraiso) in the western Brazilian Amazon State of Rondônia. The purpose of the RAPP was to assess the conditions under which colonist farmers in the western Amazon would integrate agroforestry plantings into their small-scale farming systems and to assess the performance of those plantings over time. An experimental group consisting of 50 small-scale farmers was selected to participate. Plots were designed to accommodate between 3 and 25 different species, each producing one or more commodities with local market potential (hardwood, fruits, nuts, latexes, oils). Farmers planted seedlings typically on a 1-ha plot, located and designed by each farmer with the advice of a professional Brazilian extensionist. During the first phase of the project (1992–1998), the growth performance of the seedlings and changes in household characteristics were monitored on an annual basis. By 2002, 32 (64.0%) of the original 50 agroforest plots were found in place. This paper updates the research findings based on a 2002 follow-up visit to these 32 farms. In addition to growth performance, the authors’ found that 17.95% of the farms in the neighboring control group had planted trees and other agroforest crops between 1992 and 2002, compared to only 5.38% of farms outside the project area, suggesting spontaneous diffusion. The authors also found a potentially synergistic relationship between agroforestry and secondary forest regeneration with the use of satellite image analysis. The experience of the RAPP indicates that colonist farmers in Amazonia can be successful managers of agroforest plots with minimal external inputs over the long-term (10 years).     

Comparison between old-growth stands and secondary stands regenerating after clear-felling in warm-temperate forests of Yakushima, southern Japan

In order to infer successional changes in structure, species composition and diversity of warm-temperate forest, we compared secondary stands regenerating after clear-felling (41–64-years old) with old-growth stands at altitudes between 300 and 800 m on Yakushima Island, southern Japan. Stem density and maximum stem diameter differed between secondary and old-growth stands, but basal area and aboveground biomass did not. At lower altitudes, the dominant species in old-growth stands with a strong sprouting capacity (Castanopsis cuspidata) also dominated secondary stands, and species composition of secondary and old-growth stands was similar. At higher altitudes, by contrast, the dominant species in old-growth stands (Distylium racemosum) had little sprouting capacity and was poorly represented in diverse secondary stands, which were dominated by Castanopsis or other less abundant species. Secondary stands had greater species diversity (Shannon–Wiener index) than old-growth stands, particularly at higher altitudes. This was due to greater species richness resulting from higher stem density per area, but not to greater evenness. We grouped the component species that share ecologically similar traits into four guilds (fagaceous, primary evergreen, secondary evergreen and deciduous species). Secondary stands were characterized by greater numbers of deciduous and secondary evergreen species. We concluded that different sprouting capacities of dominant species and different regeneration traits among guilds are responsible for the change in species composition and diversity during succession.