不同养殖密度对中国明对虾生长和能量代谢的影响

本研究采用网箱养殖的方法,通过室内28 d的养殖实验,在4个养殖密度G1(100尾/m3)、G2(200尾/m3)、G3(300尾/m3)、G4(400尾/m3)组中,研究不同养殖密度对中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)生长、能量代谢和代谢酶活力的影响.结果显示,G2组的增重率(WGR)、相...     

microRNA在猪中的研究进展

microRNA（miRNA）是一类在真核生物中广泛存在的非编码小RNA，通过与目标基因的3'端非编码序列结合，在转录后水平上调控基因的表达，参与许多生物学过程，包括细胞生长、分化、增殖和凋亡等。miRNA的生物合成始于细胞核，分为3个阶段，即pri-miRNA、pre-miRNA、成熟的miRNA分子。前两个阶段在细胞核中完成，第三阶段转移到细胞质中完成。miRNA具有在真核细胞中广泛存在、长度21~24 nt、序列具有高度保守性3个特点。研究表明，miRNA参与调控猪胚胎期肌肉发育、胚后期肌肉生长及肉质性状形成，猪前体脂肪细胞分化和脂质沉积，猪体的免疫应答，以及影响病原与机体的相互作用等过程。因此，了解更多的猪miRNA研究进展，可以加深对猪肌肉发育、脂肪代谢、疾病免疫等分子机制的理解，为生猪的健康养殖提供参考。     

不同海拔地区牦牛血液生化指标的比较研究

试验从心肌酶活性、肝脏代谢、肾脏代谢、机体抗氧化能力、能量代谢及脂代谢方面比较两个不同海拔地区的牦牛血液生化指标的差异，为牦牛高原低氧适应性提供理论依据。在青海省大通种牛场（较高海拔地区）采集牦牛血样49份，在河北省红松洼牧场（较低海拔地区）采集牦牛血样29份，检测25项血液生化指标，采用独立样本t检验对2个牦牛群体的检测结果进行比较分析。结果显示，与较低海拔地区牦牛相比，较高海拔地区牦牛血液生化指标中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、磷酸肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶（α-HBDH）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性及总胆红素（TBiL）、直接胆红素（DBiL）、总蛋白（TP）、球蛋白（GLB）、肌酐（CRE）、尿酸（UA）、丙二醛（MDA）、葡萄糖（GLU）水平极显著升高（P<0.01），碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性显著升高（P<0.05）；超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、血管内皮舒张因子（NO）、白蛋白（ALB）、甘油三酯（TG）水平及白球比（A/G）极显著降低（P<0.01）；其余指标均无显著差异（P>0.05）。结果表明，两个不同海拔地区的牦牛心肌酶活性、机体代谢功能及抗氧化能力存在一定差异，较高海拔地区的牦牛长期身处低氧环境，逐渐产生高原适应性。     

Selenium distribution and nitrate metabolism in hydroponic lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.): Effects of selenium forms and light spectra

A deficiency in selenium(Se) in the human diet is a worldwide problem. The intake of Se-rich vegetables can be a safe way to combat Se deficiency for humans. However, most leafy vegetables can accumulate a high content of nitrates, which poses a potential threat to human health. Light is an important environmental factor that regulates the uptake and distribution of mineral elements and nitrogen metabolism in plants. However, the effects of Se forms and light conditions, especially light spectra, on the uptake and translocation of Se and on nitrate reduction are poorly understood. In this study, lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.) was treated with exogenous Se applied as selenate(10 mmol L~(-1)) and selenite(0.5 mmol L~(-1)) and grown under five different light spectra: fluorescent light(FL), monochromatic red LED light(R), monochromatic blue LED light(B), and mixed red and blue LED light with a red to blue light ratio at 4(R/B=4), 8(R/B=8), and 12(R/B=12), respectively. The effects of light spectra and Se forms on plant growth, photosynthetic performance, Se accumulation and nitrate reduction were investigated. The results showed that the light spectra and Se forms had significant interactions for plant growth, foliar Se accumulation and nitrate reduction. The Se concentration and nitrate content in the leaves were negatively correlated with the percentage of red light from the light sources. Compared to Se applied as selenite, exogenous Se applied as selenate was more effective in reducing nitrate via promoting nitrate reductase and glutamate synthase activities. The lowest nitrate content and highest plant biomass were observed under R/B=8 for both the selenate and selenite treatments. The significant effect of the light spectra on the root concentration factor and translocation factor of Se resulted in marked variations in the Se concentrations in the roots and leaves. Compared with FL, red and blue LED light led to significant decreases in the foliar Se concentration. The results from this study suggest that the light spectra can contribute to Se distribution and accumulation to produce vegetables with better food quality.     

Phenol metabolism of two cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) as affected by ozone and flooding stress

To compare the phenolic responses under oxidative stressors, plants of two Italian cultivars of durum wheat (Claudio and Mongibello) were (a) exposed to ozone (O₃) (80 ppb, 5 hr/day for 70 consecutive days), with the aim to investigate the changes of phenolic compound contents in their leaves, or (b) flooded (seven consecutive days). Plants showed O₃-induced visible injury, but their photosynthetic performance was not affected by the pollutant. Specifically, Claudio showed a higher O₃ tolerance than Mongibello. The major value of the present study is undoubtedly the pioneering investigation of phenolic metabolism of durum wheat under O₃. We identified 12 foliar phenolic compounds in all leaf samples (i.e. controls, exposed to O₃ and flooded): ten phenolic acids, a flavanol (catechin hydrate) and a phenolic aldehyde (syringaldehyde). Overall, O₃ exposure resulted in accumulations of phenolic compounds, especially in Claudio. These responses can be likely considered a fine-regulated repair process that equipped Claudio stressed plants with an antioxidant system capable of scavenging oxidative stress. Different phenolic variations were found in flooded plants, suggesting that phenolic response to environmental constraints is stress specific. Our study confirms that investigations and characterization of specific phenolic profiles of crop cultivars under oxidative stress may be helpful in breeding programmes.     

鸡肝细胞中C/EBPα基因的敲低及对糖脂代谢相关基因表达的影响

C/EBPα即CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白α基因,其编码的CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白是重要的转录调控因子,在细胞的分化和代谢过程中发挥着重要的调节作用。试验利用RNAi来敲低鸡LMH细胞系中C/EBPα基因的表达,以研究C/EBPα基因影响脂肪代谢的机制。根据鸡C/EBPα基因的mRNA序列,设计3对siRNA,用RNAi干扰技术来敲低鸡LMH细胞中的C/EBPα基因表达,然后用荧光定量PCR检测C/EBPα基因的表达情况,发现其中的C/EBPα-siRNA-161能够显著降低C/EBPα基因的表达;并将C/EBPα-siRNA-161转染LHM细胞后48 h后,利用荧光定量PCR检测LMH细胞中糖脂代谢相关基因(PCK1、SCD、GLUT2、PPARγ、INS、G6PC、IGF1、IGF2、INSR、STAT3)的表达,发现在LMH细胞中PCK1、G6PC、GLUT2基因的mRNA表达量下降,结果表明C/EBPα基因能影响糖代谢相关基因G6PC、GLUT2、甘油异生相关基因PCK1的表达,证实了C/EBPα基因对鸡肝细胞中的糖脂代谢具有调控作用,通过调控C/EBPα基因的表达将影响糖吸收及甘油异生。     

温度和乙烯处理对番荔枝软熟过程中多糖代谢的影响

以AP(African Pride)番荔枝冬季果为试材,研究不同温度、乙烯利处理下,番荔枝果实淀粉、可溶性糖、蔗糖等糖类以及果胶含量和细胞壁代谢相关酶(多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、纤维素酶、果胶甲酯酶)活性的变化,以期从多糖代谢角度探讨温度和乙烯对番荔枝冬季果软熟的影响。结果表明:低温(20℃)可延缓淀粉向可溶性糖的转化,高温(32℃)可促进淀粉向可溶性糖的转化,而28℃下番荔枝软熟最快。28、32℃下果实果皮变硬可能与果皮中原果胶的合成有一定关系。果实的软化与果肉中的原果胶降解有关,但和可溶性果胶含量上升无必然联系。温度和乙烯对酶活性均有不同程度影响,其中Eth-28℃处理对酶活性诱导最显著。Cx和PG活性的变化与果实软化最相关,而PME在果实软化中可能不起关键作用。      

冷季新疆细毛羯羔气体能量代谢与环境温度关系的初步研究

在冷季用气体能量代谢方法测定4头新疆细毛羯羔的白昼产热量,在一般饲喂条件下为73.4±15.1卡/分·W~(0.75),饥饿条件下为52.0±11.0卡/分·W~(0.75)。产热量与环境温度呈线性负相关,相关方程和决定系数在饲喂条件下分别为Q=-1.15t 67.43和r~2=0.48,饥饿时为Q=-1.47t 43.07和r~2=0.60。动物饥饿时呼出气中不含甲烷;饲喂条件下如不测定甲烷,所得产热量约高3.8％。     

去除瘤胃纤毛虫对山羊瘤胃代谢及进入十二指肠食糜的影响

3头同时装置永久性瘤胃瘘管和十二指肠双筒 T 形瘘管的成年阉公山羊,在精料型饲粮(以风干物质计,混合精料:青干草=50:50)的条件下,以二辛基磺琥珀酸钠(DSS)去除瘤胃纤毛虫后,瘤胃总脱氢酶活力(TDHA)比未处理前(对照期)增高约一倍(P<0.01),瘤胃 NH_3—N、TVFA 和乙酸/丙酸比值显著下降。DSS 期与对照期比较,进入十二指肠食糜的总氮浓度升高(P<0.05),微生物氮则保持恒定,非微生物氮和非氨氮(NAN)均增加(P<0.05),表明在精料型饲粮条件下,去除瘤胃纤毛虫,降低饲料蛋白质在瘤胃中的降解,增加了到达十二指肠内的真蛋白的数量。