Quality Effects of Rye (Secale cerealeL.) Chromosome Arm 1RL Transferred to Wheat (Triticum aestivumL.)

Quality effects of rye (Secale cerealeL.) chromosome arm 1RL transferred to wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) were characterised by comparison of a group 1R(1B) substitution lines and 1BL.1RS translocation lines. The experimental materials were sister lines derived from the mating Mironovskaya10/NE7060//NE80413. 1R(1B) substitution lines were identified by the presence of ryeomega- andgamma-secalins among 70% ethanol soluble proteins, combined with the presence of high molecular weight (HMW) secalin proteins in total grain protein extracts. Genes on 1RL reduced grain weight, grain hardness, Mixograph time, Mixograph tolerance and SDS sedimentation volumes. 1RL had no effect on flour yield or grain and flour protein concentrations. The HMW secalin proteins encoded by genes on 1RL most probably caused the decline in dough strength seen in 1R(1B) lines relative to that of 1BL.1RS sister lines. Reduced grain hardness might also be related to the presence of HMW secalins, although a role for additional, unidentified genes on 1RL could not be discounted.     

Fish photobacteriosis—The importance of rapid and accurate identification of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida

MALDI‐TOF MS was tested for the identification of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida on isolates grown on two media, cultured at three incubation times and applied on the target plate by the direct sample spotting (DS), by the on‐target extraction (OTE) and by the full extraction (FE) method, in triplicates. The identification of samples grown on blood agar (BA) outperformed identification on tryptic soya agar (TSA) by 0.64% for DS and OTE. The OTE gave the highest scores in both culture media, all incubation times and replicates. Reliable 24‐hr species identification was 61.54%, 84.61% and 53.85% for samples grown on TSA and identified by DS, OTE and FE, respectively. For isolates grown on BA, they were 76.92%, 96.15% and 30.77%, respectively. When identified by OTE, the 48‐hr identification was 93.58%, but for 72 hr declined to 71.79%. The reliable identification with the highest score from the first measurement was 100% only for OTE from BA (24 hr), whereas OTE from TSA gave 84.61% (24 hr), 76.92% (48 hr) and 84.61% (72 hr). The reliable MALDI‐TOF MS identification of Ph. damselae subsp. piscicida is incubation time, media, target plate preparation and replicate‐dependent.     

全基因组预测枯草芽孢杆菌BEST195的分泌蛋白

枯草芽孢杆菌BEST195作为纳豆菌的一种,是纳豆生产的重要菌株之一。利用SignalP、ProtComp、TMHMM、Phobius、LipoP、TatP等预测程序对该菌中4456条蛋白质序列进行分泌蛋白找寻,同时,对上述分泌蛋白的氨基酸分布、信号肽长度大小、信号肽切割位点等性质进行分析。结果表明：枯草芽孢杆菌含有分泌蛋白102个,其氨基酸长度、信号肽长度与植物病原菌不同;信号肽切割位点属于A X A类型,与其他已经报道的植物病原真菌、细菌以及卵菌中分泌蛋白信号肽切割位点一致。通过上述生物信息学分析方法有效地实现了枯草芽孢杆菌BEST195分泌蛋白的预测,分泌蛋白的信号肽切割位点具有物种保守型特点。     

中国沙棘雌雄株的染色体核型分析

为了准确了解中国沙棘雌雄株染色体核型特征,对中国沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoidessubsp.sinesis)雌雄株的染色体核型进行分析。结果表明,中国沙棘第4、5、7号染色体在雌株中属于M型染色体,在雄株中属于m型染色体,第1、39、号染色体在雌株中属于m型染色体,在雄株中属于M型染色体;雌雄株均有24条染色体,染色体均属于正中部着丝粒染色体(M)和中部着丝粒染色体(m)2种,染色体核型公式同为:2n=24=14M+10m;染色体核型属于1B型,核型不对称系数为54%,在进化上属于较原始种类。     

黑麦属种质资源的主要农艺性状分析

对黑麦属4个种共70份材料的株高、有效穗、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数和千粒重等主要农艺性状进行了考察。结果表明,黑麦属材料间农艺性状差异明显,具有多种类型。栽培黑麦的有效穗、穗长、穗粒数、千粒重等产量组成性状明显高于其他种,因而在以改良小麦产量性状为目的的育种实践中应首选栽培黑麦。森林黑麦适合作为矮源,山地黑麦和瓦维洛夫黑麦材料的性状变异系数也较大。栽培黑麦植株普遍偏高,相关分析及主成分分析均表明,打破株高与有效穗、穗粒数及千粒重间正的极显著的偏相关关系有一定难度但也非完全不可能。根据黑麦属材料农艺性状主成分因子综合指标进行聚类分析,结果表明,栽培黑麦第A类和第C类综合性状较为优良。     

Disinfection using ozone microbubbles to inactivate Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum

To establish a method for disinfecting hydroponic culture solutions using ozone microbubbles (OMB), we examined the disinfectant activity of OMB against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum in infected plant roots. OMB had a higher solubility and remained in the water for a longer period than ozone millibubbles, resulting in extremely high disinfecting activity against both phytopathogens. Furthermore, disinfectant activity and durability of OMB-treated water against both phytopathogens increased with an increase in the initial concentration of dissolved ozone. Therefore, these results suggest that OMB may be suitable for use as a new disinfectant against phytopathogens in hydroponic culture solutions.     

黑麦在小麦改良中的应用研究进展

黑麦属(Secale cereale)是小麦的近缘植物,是改良小麦抗病性、品质和产量等性状的重要外源基因供体,通过染色体工程方法结合常规育种可以将黑麦基因导入小麦,丰富小麦的遗传变异。为了了解目前黑麦在小麦育种中应用的现状,总结论述了黑麦基因向小麦转移的不同方式、黑麦遗传物质的鉴定方法,并对黑麦在小麦育种中的应用前景进行了展望．以期促进黑麦有益基因向小麦的转移,进一步扩大黑麦优良基因在小麦育种和生产中的利用价值。     

Assessing general combining ability for gangrene resistance by means of a glasshouse seedling test

Summary A seedling progeny test for resistance to gangrene (Phoma foveata) was used to evaluate progenies from a 15×15 half diallel set of crosses, including 14 selfs and 25 reciprocal crosses, which was originally made to investigate the inheritance of resistance to late blight and cyst nematodes. Nine out of the 14 selfs were more susceptible than the crosses involving their parents, so that overall the selfs were slightly more susceptible than the crosses, thus providing evidence of non-additive gene action in favour of resistance. However, when the selfs were omitted from the analysis, all of the variation between progenies could be attributed to differences in the General Combining Abilities (GCAs) of their parents. The four parents with the best GCAs for gangrene resistance all had sizeable contributions fromSolanum tuberosum subsp.andigena in their pedigrees.     

三种原产中国的野生稻和栽培稻外稃表面乳突结构的比较观察研究

 用扫描电镜对原产中国的瘤粒野生稻（Oryza meyeriana Baill. subsp. tuberculata Wu），药用野生稻（Oryza officinalis Wall. ex Watt.），普通野生稻（Oryza rufipogon Griff. ）的外稃表面的显微结构与栽培稻（Oryza sativa L.）进行了比较研究。观察到栽培稻与瘤粒野生稻在一系列性状上差异最大，其次是药用野生稻，而最相似的是普通野生稻。应用性状数码的方法对种间的相似性作了比较。     

水稻细菌性褐条病病原的鉴定

为明确从褐条病稻苗上分离出来的病原细菌并与西瓜果斑病菌相区分, 对该病原特性进行了研究。分离获得6株褐条病致病菌,其中4株经主要细菌学特性、菌落形态、致病性、Biolog、脂肪酸分析（FAME）、电镜观察、Nested PCR鉴定及与3株水稻细菌性褐条病标准菌株和2株西瓜果斑病标准菌株的比较,证实了该病是由单极鞭革兰氏阴性细菌〖WTBX〗Acidovorax avenae〖WTBZ〗 ssp. 〖WTBX〗avenae〖WTBZ〗引起的。FAME将水稻细菌性褐条病菌误鉴定为西瓜果斑病菌,而用Biolog和nested-PCR鉴定能得到准确的鉴定结果。