Screening for periodontal disease in research dogs - a methodology study

Background

It has been shown that the prevalence of both clinical attachment loss (CAL) ≥1 mm and pocket probing depth (PPD) ≥4 mm is relatively high even in younger dogs, but also that only a minority of the dogs have such clinical signs of periodontal disease (PD) in more than a few teeth. Hence, a minority of dogs carry the major PD burden. These epidemiological features suggest that screening for PD in larger groups of dogs, allowing for rapid assessment of treatment planning, or for the selection of dogs with or without PD prior to be included in experimental trials, should be possible. CAL is the central variable in assessing PD extent and severity while PPD is the central variable used in treatment planning which make these two variables obvious in a screening protocol with the dual aim of disease identification and treatment planning. The main purpose of the present study in 98 laboratory Beagle dogs was to construct a fast, simple and accurate screening tool, which is highly sensitive for the identification of dogs with PD.

Results

Examination of the maxillary P4, P3, P2, I1 and C would, in this population, result in the identification of 85.5% of all dogs and 96% of all teeth positive for CAL ≥1 mm, and 58.9% of all dogs and 82.1% of all teeth positive for PD ≥4 mm.Examination of tooth pairs, all C’s, maxillary I2, M2 and the mandibular P4 would, in this population result in identification of 92.9% of all dogs and 97.3% of all teeth positive for PD ≥4 mm, and 65.5% of all dogs and 83.2% of all teeth positive for CAL ≥1 mm. The results presented here only pertain to the present study population.

Conclusions

This screening protocol is suitable for examination of larger groups of laboratory Beagle dogs for PD and our findings indicate that diseased dogs are identified with a high degree of sensitivity. Before this screening can be used in clinical practice, it has to be validated in breeds other than Beagle dogs and in populations with larger age variation.     

丹参地上部分正丁醇萃取部位化学成分检测及其抗脑缺血研究

筛选丹参地上部分抗脑缺血的活性部位,并检测其所含化学成分,对丹参的开发和利用具有重要意义。采用D101大孔吸附树脂吸附丹参地上部分正丁醇萃取部位,将其分离纯化为多个部位。以昆明小鼠常压缺氧模型和不完全性脑缺血模型筛选有效部位;将筛选出的活性部位再用聚酰胺柱分离为不同部位,选用上述模型进行活性部位筛选;并用高效液相检测筛选的活性部位所含化学成分。结果表明:D-101大孔树脂经体积分数为50%和75%乙醇洗脱部位能显著增加小鼠常压耐缺氧时间,延长小鼠全脑缺血后的存活时间(P0.01);聚酰胺柱分离后的水洗部位可显著增加小鼠常压耐缺氧时间和小鼠全脑缺血后的存活时间(P0.01);高效液相检测聚酰胺柱分离的水洗部位含有原儿茶醛、咖啡酸、丹参素。丹参地上部分正丁醇萃取部位聚酰胺柱分离的水洗部位为有效部位,检测出有效成分为原儿茶醛、咖啡酸、丹参素。     

一株纤维素酶产生菌SWU6菌株的筛选鉴定

为寻找高效纤维素降解菌,用于蚕沙及桑树废弃枝条等的加工处理,本研究以羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)为唯一碳源,从西南大学校园土壤中分离纤维素降解菌。结合测定菌株在羧甲基纤维素钠平板上形成水解圈直径与其菌落直径的比值,及胞外酶活测定法(DNS法)筛选获得一株纤维素酶高产菌株SWU6。该菌株24h发酵液上清液经DNS法检测纤维素酶活力达到136.24U/mL。菌种鉴定结果表明SWU6菌株为革兰氏阳性芽孢杆菌;过氧化氢酶、硝酸盐还原呈阳性;能水解淀粉、液化明胶。基于16SrDNA的系统发育分析结果表明SWU6菌株与登录号为NR 116240的甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillus methylotrophicus)处于进化树的同一最小分支。综合菌体及菌落形态特征、生理生化实验结果以及基于16SrDNA的系统发育分析,将SWU6菌株鉴定为甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillus methylotrophicus)。     

旱作区抗病优质高效马铃薯新品种(系)筛选试验初报

为筛选出适宜天水市旱作区种植的优质马铃薯品种,解决马铃薯生产中存在的品种单一、抗病、优质专用品种相对缺乏及产量水平相对低下等问题。以当地主栽马铃薯品种陇薯6号为对照品种,对引进的11个马铃薯品种(系)进行了品种比较试验。结果表明,DSS-35折合产量最高,为35 704.05 kg/hm2,较对照品种陇薯6号增产15.23%;京张薯1号、陇薯20号折合产量较高,分别为34 784.40、34 340.85 kg/hm2,较对照品种陇薯6号分别增产12.26%、10.83%。这3个马铃薯品种(系)综合性状优良、商品薯率较高,较抗病毒病和环腐病,块茎晚疫病发病较轻,适宜在天水市旱作区及同类生态区种植。     

筛选产纤维素酶菌株及其产酶条件的优化

[目的]筛选降解菌糠纤维素的菌株,并且优化其发酵条件.[方法]采用纤维素-刚果红培养基进行筛选,筛选出纤维素酶活较高的菌株.通过比较不同氮源、碳氮比例等条件下CMC酶活,研究其最佳发酵条件.[结果]选出一株酶活较高的菌株,命名为N3.其最适有机氮源为豆饼粉,无机氮源是（NH4）2SO4.最适合N3产酶的（NH4）2SO4∶豆饼粉比例为2∶4.最适碳源氮源比例为5∶2.[结论]N3是一株具有研究价值的产纤维素酶的菌株.     

茶云纹叶枯病拮抗放线菌的筛选

[目的]筛选出对茶云纹叶枯病菌有较好拮抗作用的拮抗放线菌。[方法]通过平板对峙培养法对茶云纹叶枯病的拮抗放线菌进行了筛选,并对其中拮抗效果较好的菌株进行了鉴定。[结果]从33株供试拮抗真菌中筛选获得抑菌率明显(大于50%)的放线菌2株,分别为F6和F10;经鉴定F6和F10均为链霉菌属(Streptomyces)。[结论]为茶云纹叶枯病的生物防治提供了参考。     

耐旱花生品种筛选试验

[目的]开展耐旱花生品种筛选试验,以筛选优质高产耐旱花生新品种,为其在临沂丘陵薄地花生种植区推广提供依据.[方法]参试花生品种共8个,分别为花育36号、开农49、山花9号、豫花9719、花育22、山花11号、临花5号、临花6号,以花育25为对照.[结果]参试品种中山花9号和花育36号表现较好.其中,山花9号生育期比对照晚1d,株高最矮,分枝数、结果枝数最少,饱果率最高,出米率也最高,子仁产量为3 457.5 kg/hm2,比对照增产10.6％,居第1位,抗旱性强,抗涝性中等,综合抗性好;花育36号生育期与对照相同,株高比较低,分枝数、结果枝数和对照差不多,子仁产量为3 295.5 kg/hm2,比对照增产5.4％,居第2位,抗旱性、抗涝性中等,综合表现好.[结论]山花9号、花育36号综合性状良好,生育期适宜,可作为临沂丘陵薄地花生种植区域耐旱品种进行推广种植.     

沙漠日光温室樱桃番茄沙培品种适应性筛选研究

试验引进了15个樱桃番茄品种,在宁夏中卫市沙漠日光温室内沙培条件下开展了品种适应性的筛选,结果表明:京丹黄玉、北京樱桃、千禧、虹彩、千禧201、绿彩、优选黄圣果、紫玫瑰320、黄莺1号等9个品种的产量比对照京丹1号增产幅度在4.5%~42.5%,各项综合指标优于或等同于对照,品质较好,适合在沙漠日光温室的秋冬茬中应用。     

MINQUE法在评价马铃薯品种(系)抗旱性中的应用

采用MINQUE法对马铃薯品种（系）进行抗旱性评价,试验结果表明,株高、叶面积、商品率和产量均可作为马铃薯抗旱品种（系）筛选与鉴定的重要性状指标,在参试3个马铃薯品种（系）中,大西洋抗旱性较强,其次为IX）031-17,LK99抗旱性较弱。     

基于白木香ESTs的沉香属SSR分子标记引物筛选

通过对白木香样品的454GS FLX Titanium高通量测序,获取了大量白木香EST序列,从中搜索出956个SSR,根据引物设计标准,设计了44对EST-SSR引物。在合适的PCR反应体系下,以海南白木香样品的DNA为模板,对设计的EST-SSR引物进行筛选,发现有22对EST-SSR引物能较好地扩增出产物。在沉香属3个种9份样品中进一步对这些可扩增的引物进行多态性初步验证,所筛选引物均可在所有沉香属样品中使用,为后续白木香居群及沉香属植物遗传多样性分析奠定基础。