不同辐照剂量对蜂球囊菌杀灭效果的影响

本试验以蜂球囊菌(Ascosphaera apis)为研究对象,探究不同辐照剂量对蜂球囊菌的杀灭效果,以期明确有效杀灭蜂球囊菌的最低辐照剂量,为Co60γ射线辐照蜜蜂饲料(特别是蜂花粉)时的辐照剂量选择提供依据。利用细菌纯化技术从患白垩病意蜂幼虫体内分离纯化得到蜂球囊菌,并结合形态学、乳酸酚棉兰染色及5.8SrDNA序列分析技术进行鉴定;同时制备不同梯度浓度的蜂球囊菌孢子悬液加入到蜜蜂幼虫饲料中,以饲喂方式侵染3日龄意蜂幼虫,确定半数致死浓度(LC50);蜜蜂幼虫饲料中添加上述确定LC50的孢子,以不同辐照剂量处理,并通过侵染幼虫试验,确定有效杀灭蜜蜂饲料中孢子的最低辐照剂量。结果表明,通过形态学和分子生物学鉴定,从患白垩病的意蜂幼虫体内分离纯化得到真菌即为蜜蜂白垩病的病原——蜂球囊菌;蜂球囊菌对人工饲养条件下的意蜂幼虫的LC50为9.5×104个/mL;当Co60γ射线辐照剂量为7.0kGy时,幼虫患病率与未辐照组差异显著(P0.05),由此确定对添加半数致死浓度的蜂球囊菌孢子饲料的最低有效辐照剂量为7.0kGy。     

广西山羊蓝舌病血清学调查及流行区域分布的影响因素分析

为了解广西地区山羊蓝舌病(BT)流行现状,本研究采用免疫扩散试验对采自广西11个地区的3 646份山羊血清进行BT血清学调查,结果表明,广西地区山羊群普遍存在BT感染,并且血清阳性率存在地域性差异,阳性率为6.3%～45.1%,平均阳性率为20.5%。对不同生长阶段山羊的血清阳性率进行统计,结果显示成年羊的阳性率高于羔羊,分别为22.1%和17.4%,这可能与成年羊接触媒介昆虫的机会较多有关。对BT流行区域分布与地理位置和气候等自然因素之间的相关性分析表明,广西山羊BT血清阳性率与地理位置有一定相关性,与年平均气温显著相关,与年平均降雨量无显著相关性,由此可见,地理位置和气温是BT流行病学的影响因素。     

新城疫病毒F48E9株M和NP基因的原核表达

根据新城疫病毒（NDV）F48E9国内标准强毒株编码序列设计了2对特异性引物,分别用于扩增M和NP基因。经序列测定,将其克隆到原核表达载体pET-30a（＋）上,转化E．coliBL21（DE3）,筛选表达NDVF48E9株M蛋白和NP蛋白的菌株。IPTG诱导表达后,SDS-PAGE分析结果表明,NDVM蛋白在E．coliBL21（DE3）内以可溶形式存在,而NP蛋白以包涵体的形式表达。用纯化的M和NP蛋白免疫鸡制备超免疫血清,进行Western-blot分析;结果,它们可以与真核表达系统表达的M和NP蛋白以及NDV发生特异性反应,表明,原核表达系统表达的NDVM和NP蛋白具有良好的免疫原性和反应原性。     

A survey of Newcastle disease in Swiss laying-hen flocks using serological testing and simulation modelling

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral disease of birds particularly domestic poultry. Switzerland is currently declared free from ND; since vaccination is prohibited, the detection of antibodies against ND virus (NDV) results in the destruction of the respective flock (stamping-out policy). However, in 1995 and 1996, antibody-positive flocks were detected and sporadic ND outbreaks even occurred in Switzerland. Therefore, a serosurvey was done to look for evidence of NDV infections in Swiss laying-hen flocks. The survey was designed to provide 95% confidence of detecting at least one seropositive flock if the flock prevalence were 1%. Thirty blood samples from each of 260 commercial laying-hen flocks were collected during 1996 in a central poultry slaughterhouse. Sera were screened for NDV antibodies with a commercial blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Samples with a questionable or positive test result were retested with the same ELISA. A stochastic computer model was applied to define a cut-off number of test-positive samples to help to differentiate between true- and false-positive flocks and to estimate the true flock prevalence of infection. Four flocks were identified as NDV-seropositive and the NDV true seroprevalence among commercial laying-hen flocks in Switzerland was most likely between 1.35 and 1.55%. This indicates that Swiss laying-hen and parental flocks with more than 150 animals have been in contact with strains of NDV that cause subclinical infection in chicken, because no clinical symptoms have been observed. In this context, computer simulation was a useful technique to interpret survey results.     

我国气候因素的变化对奶牛生产的影响

在分析我国气候因素变化的基础上,着重阐述了气候因子对我国奶牛采食,饲料利用率,产奶量和乳成分,奶牛的繁殖力,日增重及发病率等生产性能的影响。结果表明,高温高湿是奶牛生产的主要环境因子。作者不提出了控制奶牛环境的若干措施。     

改进杂交晚稻育秧方式预防水稻黑条矮缩病

对比试验结果表明,杂交晚稻秧田不施或少施基肥和苗肥,培育青色、青黄色健壮秧苗,适当增加大田插本数,可以显著减少水稻黑条矮缩病发病率,增加产量。在对照区平均丛发病率12.8%,平均单产435.5kg/亩情况下,秧田不施肥,大田每丛插2本苗的丛发病率可控制在1%左右,亩产增加100kg上下。     

蜡蚧轮枝菌对茶蚜的侵染动态

接种4株蜡蚧轮枝菌[Lecanicillium(Verticillium) lecanii]菌株V07、V08、V23和V27不同剂量(2×10~3、2×10~4、2×10~5、2×10~6和2×10~7孢子/ml)孢子悬浮液于茶蚜(Toxoptera aurantii)室内种群,观察茶蚜种群的感染流行情况,得到蜡蚧轮枝菌侵染茶蚜的发病指数。结果表明:相同初始接种剂量,菌株V07对烟粉虱的侵染速率最快;同一菌株侵染速率随初始接种孢子浓度的增大而增大。     

Assessment of the impact of resistant and susceptible canola on Plasmodiophora brassicae inoculum potential

The impact on clubroot severity of growing susceptible canola or mixtures of resistant and susceptible canola genotypes was examined. Bioassays revealed greater clubroot severity and incidence, and reduced plant height, where 100% of a susceptible cultivar had been grown. A higher proportion of susceptible plants within a resistant canola crop increased root hair and secondary infections. Regression analysis of root hair infection and the amount of Plasmodiophora brassicae DNA (as determined by quantitative PCR) revealed strong linear relationships between the two parameters. The linear relationships between root hair infection and P. brassicae DNA were stronger for the resistant cultivar than for the susceptible cultivar when regression analysis was conducted by cultivar over the sampling dates. In conclusion, the cropping of a resistant cultivar reduced clubroot severity, while the presence of susceptible volunteer canola increased inoculum potential. Quantitative PCR was a reliable tool for the quantification of root hair infection.     

豇豆与锈菌互作中的多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性及其与抗性的关系

测定了具有不同抗性水平的5个豇豆Vigna sesquipdalis Wight品种在受锈菌Uromyces vignae Barcl侵染前和侵染后的若干阶段中的多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,并分析其与抗性的关系.结果表明,在接种后24h内,免疫和抗病品种的PPO比活性及其变化率均高于感病品种,且前者PPO比活性变化率高峰出现早,后者出现迟.在接种后,各品种的POD比活性及其变化率均上升,但中抗和感病品种的高峰出现早,免疫和高抗品种出现晚.此外,中抗和感病品种的POD比活性及其变化率在接种12h左右出现高峰后立即下降,而高抗品种的则持续上升至24h左右出现高峰,免疫品种的POD比活性也在24h左右出现高峰,但其POD比活性变化率则持续到48h左右达到高峰,且免疫和抗病品种的峰值明显大于感病品种.     

GA1-2菌株的分离鉴定及其对香蕉尖孢镰刀菌的抑菌效果

为了从土壤中分离筛选对香蕉尖孢镰刀菌具有良好拮抗作用的放线菌,采用平板稀释涂布法从四川省会理县干热河谷小麦根际土壤中进行放线菌分离,并采用平板对峙法和孢子萌发法进行筛选,通过形态特征、培养特征、生理生化特征以及16S r DNA序列分析对筛选菌株进行鉴定。结果表明,从四川省会理县干热河谷小麦根际土壤筛选获得一株对香蕉尖孢镰刀菌4号生理小种Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense race 4(FOC4)菌丝和孢子萌发都有很强抑制作用的菌株GA1-2,对FOC4菌丝和孢子萌发抑制率分别为36.34%和94.81%。菌株GA1-2与薰衣草灰链轮丝菌Streptoverticillium lavenduligriseum的亲缘关系最近,相似率达99.85%,且其形态特征、培养特征、生理生化特征也与薰衣草灰链轮丝菌基本相符,因此将菌株GA1-2初步鉴定为薰衣草灰链轮丝菌。