Sclerotinia rot resistance in red clover: Identification of RAPD markers using bulked segregant analysis

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used with the objective of identifying DNA markers linked to the sclerotinia crown and stem rot (SCSR) resistance of red clover. Bulked segregant analysis was used to detect polymorphism that should be linked to SCSR resistance. Two bulks were made by pooling previously extracted DNA. Each bulk (one resistant, and the other susceptible) consisted of eight genotypes from an F₂ population obtained from a cross between a susceptible and a resistant parent. A binomial model was used to select RAPD fragments with a low probability of no linkage with SCSR resistance. Four RAPD fragments were retained as candidate markers of SCSR resistance. Three are associated with resistance and one with susceptibility.     

核盘菌诱导下甘蓝型油菜宁RS-1 的SSH文库构建

以甘蓝型油菜宁RS-1为材料,用核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary)对6叶期幼苗进行接种。提取经核盘菌诱导前和诱导后的宁RS-1叶片mRNA,经反转录成cDNA,以及经过酶解后加接头和两次杂交,构建差异表达的抑制消减(SSH)cDNA文库。正向消减文库是以诱导后的宁RS-1 cDNA为tester,以正常的宁RS-1 cDNA为driver。所构建的正向文库重组率达到96.2%,反向文库重组率达到94.5%,文库容量均达到了2 190和2 780,表明所构建的文库质量良好。对从文库中随机挑取的克隆进行测序分析,获得了与抗病和代谢有关的基因,如γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸酶基因、抗真菌蛋白基因、铁蛋白基因、ACC氧化酶基因等,为开展油菜抗菌核病重要功能基因的克隆和鉴定奠定了基础。     

The conservation management of upland hay meadows in Britain: a review

Upland hay meadows conforming to MG3 in the National Vegetation Classification of the UK are a rare habitat in Britain and are largely confined to upland valleys in northern England. Agricultural intensification, particularly ploughing and reseeding and a shift from hay‐making to silage production over the last 50 years, has resulted in large losses of species‐rich upland hay meadows. Remaining species‐rich meadows have been the focus of much nature conservation effort resulting in many of the species‐rich sites being protected by statutory designations or through voluntary agri‐environment scheme agreements. Research and monitoring has tended to confirm that species richness is maximized by management involving spring and autumn grazing, a mid‐July hay cut, no inorganic fertilizer and possibly low levels of farmyard manure. Deviations from this regime result in a loss of species richness. Restoration of semi‐improved grassland to swards resembling species‐rich MG3 also requires a similar regime but is also dependent on the introduction of seed of appropriate species. The role of Rhinanthus minor as a tool for manipulating meadow biodiversity during restoration management is discussed. Suggestions for future research are outlined.     

用等位基因特异性寡核苷酸（ASO）-PCR快速检测抗多菌灵的油菜菌核病菌

 通过3对兼并性引物扩增获得与S.sclerotiorum抗药性相关的β-微管蛋白基因，全长1 685 bp，包含4个内元，相应的编码447个氨基酸。该基因与其它6种线状真菌的β-微管蛋白基因相比，氨基酸序列同源性达95.78%～97.66%，但内元数目和大小不同。比较S.sclerotiorum敏感型和抗药性菌株的β-微管蛋白基因，发现该基因第198位氨基酸由谷氨酸突变为丙氨酸，从而导致田间抗药性的产生。为了快速、准确监测田间抗药性频率，根据S.sclerotiorumβ-微管蛋白基因的突变位点设计了2对等位基因特异性寡核苷酸（ASO），直接以菌核的基因组DNA为模板扩增，所需时间约为6 h，抗药性检出率为100%，与传统菌丝直径法的测定结果相比检测准确率为96%，而传统的检测方法至少需要1～2周。     

甘蓝型油菜抗菌核病扩展的遗传分析

以核盘菌菌丝体接种11个油菜品种（系）的离体叶片，结果表明不同品种间病斑大小差异显著，病斑随接种后时间延长呈逻辑斯蒂曲线增长，抗、感品种之间抗病斑扩展的差异显著，条件方差分析表明，草酸浸根处理第3d到第4d，油菜抗毒素的条件广义遗传力达0．784；草酸浸叶柄处理第3d到第4d，加性方差占总方差23．1％，处理第4d到第5d加性方差下降为0，表明条件加性效应值和条件显性效应值在不同的时段是不同的。     

大豆菌核病病原菌生物学特性的研究

对大豆菌核病病原菌进行分离、纯化、培养,在人工控制的环境条件下,探讨病原菌部分生物学特性。结果表明,２０～２５℃为菌丝生长的最适温度;酸性条件有利于菌丝的生长发育,中性条件菌丝生长缓慢,碱性条件对菌丝的生长起抑制作用;Ｃ／Ｎ越低,菌丝的生长速度越快;光照对菌丝的生长速度无显著影响。     

亚麻白腐病发生及综合防治技术研究

从亚麻白腐病的发生、发展、危害及病原菌生长发育规律到病害综合防治进行了系统研究,明确了该病的发生与品种、土壤类型及气象因素等诸方面的关系;也明确了带菌土壤和种子是该病害主要侵染源和传播途径,用药荆防治效果可达80％以上;同时建立综合防病体系。     

重寄生真菌盾壳霉与核盘菌对峙培养的差异代谢物分析

运用基于液相质谱联用技术的代谢组分析手段,检测重寄生真菌盾壳霉和宿主植物病原菌核盘菌对峙培养时的代谢物差异。结果发现:盾壳霉与核盘菌对峙接触能显著诱发盾壳霉代谢物的分泌,构建盾壳霉特定代谢物数据库检测到3种代谢物涉及重寄生过程,分别为Macrosphelide A,Benzenediol和5-Aminopentanoate,且对峙接触2d时检测到的代谢物积累量最大。对盾壳霉重寄生过程代谢物变化的分析结果表明,真菌重寄生能诱发代谢物水平的交流和次级代谢物积累。     

贵州小杂粮产业发展现状及对策

为科学合理地规划与发展贵州省小杂粮产业,对贵州小杂粮生产的自然条件、适宜分布区域及主要小杂粮产业发展现状、生产存在的主要问题进行分析,并提出发展对策。     

湖南省小宗特色农产品产业发展的SWOT分析

产业化和特色化已成为农产品产业发展的趋势.通过对湖南省小宗特色农产品的实地调查与分析,结合产业经济学的相关理念,分析了湖南特色农产品发展中的优势、劣势、机会与威胁,进而为湖南特色农产品产业化发展提出建议和对策.