采用Extracellular Flux Analyzer方法测定植物线粒体能量代谢

线粒体是植物进行呼吸和能量代谢的主要场所,但目前关于线粒体能量代谢的测定方法较为繁琐,亟需一种快速有效测定线粒体能量代谢的手段。本研究采用Extracellular Flux Analyzer(Seahorse Bioscience,America)方法对玉兰(Magnolia denudata)花部器官线粒体代谢情况进行测定,并对测试技术进行改进。通过直接测定氧气消耗速率,进而检测组织细胞内的线粒体呼吸速率和能量代谢。采用该方法对同一组织样品进行多次测量,测量结果稳定,表明该方法是一种可靠的测定线粒体呼吸和能量代谢的方法。并且,通过加入不同的呼吸抑制剂来鉴定细胞的呼吸途径,可快速获取有效数据。此外,还可直接对组织内线粒体的呼吸代谢进行测定,简便性、实时性均优于其他线粒体代谢测定方法,是一种快速有效,且可以进行实时动态观测的试验方法。     

典型生态系统定位观测样地的土壤性状空间变异性评价

用经典统计分析和地统计学的方法，对中国生态系统研究网络（CERN）临泽站新设置的农田生态系统综合观测场土壤性状的空间分布特性进行研究。结果表明，除pH外，土壤有机碳、全N、速效养分和电导率的变异性均超过20％，有机碳和全N的空间相关距离为13．8m和12．6m，表现出较高的空间异质性。克里格插值结果同样显示土壤各性状在研究的尺度上有明显的空间变异格局。相对误差为10％时采集124个土样才可达到95％的置信水平。作为生态网络长期监测样地，必须按空间异质性对观测场地进行采样分区、匀地过渡，结合克里格插值得出的土壤性状空间分布图，确定更为理想的取样方案。     

土壤盐渍化的监测和预报研究

本文采用田间观测和数值模拟相结合的方法，对改造后的重盐碱试验地的水盐动态连续三年进行了监测和预报研究。在田间，监测了地下水的水位和矿化度、土壤盐分和水分、降雨和农田蒸散量等参数，同时针对现场试验条件进行数值模拟。在土壤盐分输运模型中，考虑动水不动水概念和吸附作用，在解水分运动方程时采用了更合理的改进型Ｐｉｃａｒｄ迭代差分法。研究表明，在当前的自然因素和农耕活动中，试验地土壤中的盐分达到动态平衡，不     

乌江中下游低效林水土保持效益分析

低效林是指森林生态经济系统总体功能低下的林分。本文以不同类型低效林地径流场观测资料为依据,探讨其水保效益差异的规律。     

Leaf litter decomposition in a chaparral ecosystem, Southern California

Decomposition losses from leaves of three evergreen chaparral species, scrub oak (Quercus dumosa), ceanothus (Ceanothus crassifolius), and manzanita (Arctostaphylos glauca), were quantified over a 2-y field exposure using litterbags. Changes in ash-free dry mass, C, and N were monitored at 2- to 6-month intervals at four replicate sites composed of patches of these three chaparral species. Three proximate C fractions were extracted from fresh and decomposing litter samples: polar and non-polar extractives (EXT), acid-solubles (ACID), and acid-insolubles (KLIG). The chemical structure of fresh and decomposed litter was additionally characterized using high-resolution solid-state ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, while morphological properties were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After 2 y, the litters had lost between 20.7%±1.2 (Ceanothus) and 35.2%±6.8 (Quercus) of their original ash-free dry mass. The manzanita decomposed at a significantly faster rate than the other two litter types during the first few months of field exposure. Yet, after 2 y, mass loss was greater for the oak. Differences in decomposition rates could not be accounted for based on a single litter quality index. Fresh manzanita exhibited a significantly higher N content, which could explain its initially faster decay rate. Fresh oak litter, on the other hand, had a relatively high ACID and O-alkyl C (O-ALK) content, which may have been responsible for its decay pattern. Fresh ceanothus contained a relatively low KLIG content, yet it decomposed more slowly than the two other species. The solid-state ¹³C NMR spectra of the ceanothus litter had two peaks characteristic of proanthocyanidins, which likely contributed to the recalcitrance of this litter type. SEM revealed that ceanothus leaf surfaces were left nearly unchanged after field exposure. In comparison, the oak and manzanita leaf surfaces were pitted and covered by microbial growth to the point of being unrecognizable. Taken together, our results indicate that a combination of biological, physical and chemical factors need to be examined to clarify the different decomposition rates and patterns of these three chaparral species.     

黄藤材的真菌变色

黄藤(Daemonorops margaritae),是我国热带和南亚热带森林中的主要伴生植物,是我国的优良商品棕榈藤种,为中国特有种(许煌灿等,1994a)。天然分布以海南岛为中心,延伸至23°30'N以南的广     

遮阳网的小气候效应及其对蔬菜生长的影响

在遮阳网覆盖与露地条件下 ,进行不同蔬菜种类的分期播种对比试验 .采用平行观测法 ,较系统地进行小气候和蔬菜生长状况观测 .结合统计分析 ,得到以下主要结论 :( 1)在晴至少云与多云天气条件下 ,遮阳网覆盖能显著降低气温及地温 ,且 0 cm及 10 cm地温降幅大于气温 ;( 2 )在阴雨天气条件下 ,遮阳网覆盖无降温效果 ;( 3)因水气难以散失 ,雨后覆盖遮阳网 ,会造成高温、高湿的小气候条件 ,并会助长病害的蔓延 ;( 4 )无论何种天气条件 ,遮阳网覆盖均会显著削弱太阳辐射 ;( 5)在蔬菜栽培上 ,苗期覆盖遮阳网 ,有减轻病害、保全苗的效果 ;( 6)全生育期覆盖 ,应视品种的耐阴性选用遮光率合适的遮阳网 ,并注意适时揭、盖 ,否则会因光照不足而造成严重减产     

建兰花叶病毒检测标准方法的建立

经过2004￣2005两年对上海口岸进境和进境后种植的260个兰花品种上建兰花叶病毒(CyMV)检测方法的研究,分别建立了检测和鉴定兰花上建兰花叶病毒的DAS-ELISA、电镜观察、鉴别寄主反应、RT-PCR和IC-RT-PCR的方法。     

苜蓿中华根瘤菌(Sinorhizobium meliloti)的耐酸性研究

用来自酸性土壤上紫花苜蓿根瘤中分离得到的3株能在pH=4.8的YMA固体培养基上正常生长的根瘤菌进行回接试验和生长曲线测定,结果证明,菌株91532耐酸能力高于其余菌珠,并高于国内外已报道过的苜蓿根瘤菌.91532经16SrRNA分析和扫描电子显微镜分析,鉴定为苜蓿中华根瘤菌（Sinorhizobium meliloti）.pH=4.0的质子通量试验中,与酸敏感菌株相比,91532细胞膜具有较强的阻挡质子能力,细胞具有较高的存活率,耐酸能力具有遗传稳定性.     

接种枯萎病菌香蕉苗病症及其组织病理特征

用枯萎病菌4号生理小种接种香蕉苗后,观察发现:香蕉苗在发病初期出现了黄叶、球茎组织变褐症状;发病中期出现了叶片萎蔫、球茎组织变褐、假茎可见斑点状或线条状褐色病变、根变黑褐症状;发病后期出现了植株萎蔫、枯死等症状.采用组织病菌分离法,发现病菌从香蕉根部侵入后,由香蕉组织下部向上部传导,并在根、球茎和假茎中稳定定殖.用组织切片法观察发现病菌能使香蕉苗球茎组织产生褐变,引起细胞壁木质素增加及淀粉颗粒减少.