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Johnson Chris J. Boyce Mark S. Mulders Robert Gunn Anne Gau Rob J. Cluff H. Dean Case Ray L. 《Landscape Ecology》2004,19(8):869-882
Multiscale analyses are widely employed for wildlife-habitat studies. In most cases, however, each scale is considered discrete and little emphasis is placed on incorporating or measuring the responses of wildlife to resources across multiple scales. We modeled the responses of three Arctic wildlife species to vegetative resources distributed at two spatial scales: patches and collections of patches aggregated across a regional area. We defined a patch as a single or homogeneous collection of pixels representing 1 of 10 unique vegetation types. We employed a spatial pattern technique, three-term local quadrat variance, to quantify the distribution of patches at a larger regional scale. We used the distance at which the variance for each of 10 vegetation types peaked to define a moving window for calculating the density of patches. When measures of vegetation patch and density were applied to resource selection functions, the most parsimonious models for wolves and grizzly bears included covariates recorded at both scales. Seasonal resource selection by caribou was best described using a model consisting of only regional scale covariates. Our results suggest that for some species and environments simple patch-scale models may not capture the full range of spatial variation in resources to which wildlife may respond. For mobile animals that range across heterogeneous areas we recommend selection models that integrate resources occurring at a number of spatial scales. Patch density is a simple technique for representing such higher-order spatial patterns. 相似文献
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甘蓝多酚氧化酶的生物化学性质及其杀虫剂的诱导作用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用时间动力学法,在研究了甘蓝多酚氧化酶的最适反应条件的基础上,对有机溶剂和杀虫剂对多酚氧化酶活性的影响进行了研究。结果表明:甘蓝多酚氧化酶反应的最适pH值为6.4,最适反应温度为55℃;丙酮和乙醇对多酚氧化酶活性有明显的激活作用;高效氯氰菊酯、灭多威和辛硫磷以及小菜蛾和桃蚜取食的胁迫会对多酚氧化酶的活性产生影响。 相似文献
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Although adult Rumex obtusifolius are problematic weeds, their seedlings are poor competitors against Lolium perenne, particularly in established swards. We investigated the possibility of using this weakness to augment control of R. obtusifolius seedlings with combinations of Gastrophysa viridula (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and the rust fungus Uromyces rumicis. Rumex obtusifolius seedlings were grown in competition with L. perenne sown at different rates and times after R. obtusifolius: they competed successfully with L. perenne when sown 21 days before the grass. Sowing both species at the same time resulted in a dominant grass sward, with R. obtusifolius becoming dominant when sown 42 days prior to L. perenne. Grass sowing rate had no effect on R. obtusifolius growth or biomass. A second experiment investigated how competition from L. perenne sown 21 days after R. obtusifolius combined with damage from G. viridula and/or U. rumicis (applied at either the 3–4‐ or 10–13‐leaf stage, or at both stages) affected the growth and final biomass of R. obtusifolius. Beetle grazing at the latter leaf stage was the only treatment that reduced R. obtusifolius biomass, although rust infection at the earlier application led to an increase in shoot and root weight. The results are discussed in terms of the potential for use of these agents in the field. 相似文献
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通过分析森林生物多样性与森林病虫害的现状及其对森林可持续发展的意义,提出了提高意识、加强管理,依靠科技手段保护生物多样性和防治病虫害等措施建议,以期可持续发展森林保护与利用。 相似文献
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我国养猪业发展迅速,整体水平在不断提高,但是与养殖业较为发达的国家相比仍有一些差距。以每年每头母猪断奶的仔猪数(PSY)为例,目前国外养猪发达国家PSY普遍已超30头,而我国却仍在25头左右,仍有较大的提升空间。仔猪护理工作在生猪生产过程中尤为重要,一旦护理措施不当就会造成仔猪死亡,从而降低PSY,直接影响到养猪企业的经济效益。规模猪场仔猪死亡的主要原因就是由于仔猪护理不当所引起的,仔猪护理问题一直是养猪业的一个难题。文内以2020年4—5月上海某规模猪场某栋产房新生仔猪(共477头,其中压死8头,瘦弱致死12头,腹泻致死亡的32头)为例,介绍规模猪场的仔猪护理及注意事项,以期为仔猪护理工作提供借鉴。 相似文献
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进入21世纪以来,中国奶业步入了快速发展期,规模化奶牛场经营管理的科学研究已经成为每个奶牛场经营管理者的必修课程和首要任务。本文对规模化奶牛场经营管理效能的相关影响因子进行了系统的综述,分析了规模化奶牛场经营管理的国内外研究现状、取得的成果以及存在的不足,并对未来我国规模化奶牛场经营管理的研究方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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Sara Bellezza Oddon Ilaria Biasato Arianna Imarisio Miha Pipan Dominik Dekleva Elena Colombino Maria Teresa Capucchio Marco Meneguz Stefania Bergagna Raffaella Barbero Marta Gariglio Sihem Dabbou Edoardo Fiorilla Laura Gasco Achille Schiavone 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(Z1):10-18
The commercial broiler chicken strains are the result of successful selection programmes. Most of the problems related to welfare arise from the high growth rate and body weight. The use of environmental enrichments in intensive farming could have a positive effect on birds by increasing animal welfare. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of Hermetia illucens (HI) and Tenebrio molitor (TM) live larvae in the diets of broiler chickens on growth performance, carcass yield and health status. A total of 180 four-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly allotted to 18 pens. Each pen was assigned to one of the three dietary treatments (6 replicates/treatment, 10 birds/replicate) as follows: (i) control diet (C): commercial feed (two feeding phases: starter [4–11 days] and grower [12–38 days]), (ii) HI: C + 5% of the expected daily feed intake (DFI) HI live larvae (calculated on dry matter [DM]) and (iii) TM: C + 5% of DFI TM live larvae (DM). At 39 days of age, birds were slaughtered. Growth performance parameters were overall not affected by dietary treatments, except for the grower phase feed conversion ratio (FCR) and the overall FCR being better in the TM broilers than the others (p < 0.01). No differences were observed for slaughtering performance and haematological and serum parameters, except for the spleen relative weight being higher (p < 0.01) in the birds administered with larvae when compared to the C group. Gut morphometric indexes and histopathological alterations were not influenced by insect larvae administration. In conclusion, the administration in limited quantities of HI and TM live larvae as environmental enrichment has no negative effects on broiler chicken growth performance and health status. A behavioural study could confirm that live insect larvae represent a novel natural environmental enrichment in broiler farming. 相似文献