呼伦贝尔市2013年7月14-16日暴雨天气分析

利用常规气象资料和红外云图资料,对2013年7月14—16日呼伦贝尔市一次暴雨天气过程进行成因分析、,结果表明：此次降水的环流形势为典型的副热带高压与西风槽相互作用的暴雨天气形势．系统垂直发展旺盛且坡度陡直,使得中低层影响系统始终处于上升运动区：地面气旋的辐合作用和辐合线的抬升作用是这次暴雨产生的触发机制;中低空急流的耦合配置为对流发展创造了有利条件,同时低空急流为这次暴雨天气提供了源源不断的水汽输送：南北长达数千公里带状云系上的对流云团强盛发展与暴雨落区时应很好、     

Satellite images as a tool to identify accelerated atrazine mineralization in soils

Microflora adaptation to atrazine (6-chloro-N²-ethyl-N⁴-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) mineralization due to its frequent use on the same soil has been clearly demonstrated. Studies show accelerated herbicide mineralization with mineralization percentages reaching up to 60% of the applied atrazine in a few days, which results in decreased weed control efficiency. Frequently, atrazine doses are increased to circumvent low efficiency, although this solution does not solve accelerated atrazine mineralization. The identification of soils with accelerated atrazine mineralization to guide selection of adequate management strategies and achieve good atrazine performance in adapted soils is critical. The present research assessed accelerated atrazine mineralization recognition on the basis of previous years maize (Zea mays L.) cropping as an indicator of atrazine use identified using satellite images. Three years of crop sequences were monitored by visual interpretation of Landsat satellite images. Bands 3, 4, and 5 were evaluated and corresponded, respectively, to red, near infrared, and mid-infrared. Vegetation was distinguished by selecting the R:4 G:5 B:3 color composition. Prior to assessment, atrazine behavior was evaluated in soils with high (S_H) and low (S_L) atrazine mineralization capacity. ¹⁴C-ring-labeled atrazine distribution between extractable, non-extractable, and mineralized soil culture fractions was subject to monitoring. Atrazine mineralization was determined by soil laboratory incubation. These included some soils of known past use and others with history predicted by satellite imagery. Topsoil (0-10 cm) samples were extracted according to two soil sampling strategies: Type A sampling (designated site A) consisted of 25 topsoil samples with known history, and type B sampling (designated site B) comprised 20 topsoil samples from history inferred via satellite imagery.Atrazine mineralization was monitored for 23 days under laboratory conditions. Soil ¹⁴C applied mineralization ranged from 0.3-73.0% and 0.2-30.0% in sites A and B, respectively. These broad ranges were closely related to maize presence/absence in the crop rotation at both sites. Following three straight growing seasons of maize, atrazine mineralization capacity reached a plateau in site A soils, with similar results observed in site B soils. This pattern suggests that satellite image information will be of utility to soil managers in selecting strategies to improve atrazine efficiency, including simultaneous fertilization, post-emergence atrazine applications, and choice of maize hybrids based on canopy architecture and weed competitiveness.     

2009年锦州市生态质量监测与气象评价

利用锦州地区2009年5个气象观测站及锦州市生态与农业气象中心监测的资料和卫星遥感监测资料,依据中国气象局《生态质量气象评价规范（试行）》,选择湿润指数、植被覆盖指数、水体密度指数、土地退化指数、灾害指数,进行2009年锦州地区生态质量气象评价。结果表明,2009年全区各县（市）生态质量指标在30～55,生态质量等级为＂一般＂水平。     

Extracellular matrix proteoglycan decorin-mediated myogenic satellite cell responsiveness to transforming growth factor-beta1 during cell proliferation and differentiation Decorin and transforming growth factor-beta1 in satellite cells

Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) is a potent inhibitor of muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. Decorin, a small proteoglycan in the extracellular matrix, binds to TGF-beta1 and modulates the activity of TGF-beta1 during muscle cell growth and development. However, its interaction with TGF-beta1 and involvement in myogenesis is not well characterized. In the present study, chicken myogenic satellite cells, myogenic precursors for muscle growth and repair, were isolated from the pectoralis major muscle and used to investigate the biological function of TGF-beta1 and decorin during myogenesis. The over-expression of decorin in satellite cells significantly increased cell proliferation, compared to the control cells. Consistent with this result, reducing decorin expression decreased cell proliferation, which suggests a decorin-mediated mechanism is involved in the regulation of myogenic satellite cell proliferation. Satellite cells over-expressing decorin were less sensitive to TGF-beta1 during proliferation, which indicates that decorin may sequester TGF-beta1 leading to increased proliferation. During satellite cell differentiation, the over-expression of decorin induced differentiation by increasing the muscle specific creatine kinase concentration. However, the addition of TGF-beta1 diminished decorin-mediated cell responsiveness to TGF-beta1 during differentiation. Taken together, these results suggest that decorin induces myogenic satellite cell proliferation and differentiation by regulating cellular responsiveness to TGF-beta1. An alternative TGF-beta1-independent pathway may be involved in the regulation of satellite cells by decorin.     

山东一次局地大暴雨天气过程成因初探

利用常规气象观测资料、NECP 1°×1°再分析资料、地面自动站降水实况资料以及FY-2E卫星云图资料等资料,从环流背景、形成机理和卫星云图特征等方面,对2010年8月8日～9日山东区域暴雨局部大暴雨过程进行综合分析.结果表明:中高纬度短波槽缓慢东移,副热带高压和地面气旋稳定维持,超低空气流发展强盛,是暴雨发生的有利大尺度环流背景;在中尺度回波团或回波带及中尺度对流云团的影响下产生暴雨;降水主要出现在对流云团生成,发展、成熟时期,短时强降水主要出现在对流云团西部、西南部,南部;超低空东南气流由于水汽输送路径短,对短时强降水发生十分有利;中尺度对流系统表现在整个对流层为上升运动.低层θse锋区不断增强为对流性强降水发生提供了有利的不稳定能量.     

鸟类的季节性迁徙方式与研究方法

综述了当前鸟类迁徙方式的主要理论及迁徙研究的主要方法,并对各种研究方法的历史、现状和主要的优、缺点进行了概述。结合我国鸟类迁徙研究的现状,提出将环志法作为当前和今后一段时间我国鸟类迁徙研究的主要方法,并建议在条件允许的情况下尝试用卫星跟踪技术来研究鸟类的迁徙运动。     

利用气象卫星遥感监测土壤含水量

本文介绍了利用极轨气象卫星ＮＯＡＡ／ＡＶＨＲＲ资料遥感监测土壤水分的表观热惯量方法及其原理。同时对土壤含水量与土壤表观热惯量分级之间进行了相关分析,发现二者之间存在显著的正相关关系,并通过回归分析,初步建立了二者关系的数学模型。基于上述数学模型和土壤表观热惯量数字图象,可以生成土壤水分等级图     

黄瓜花叶病毒病防治策略研究进展

针对黄瓜花叶病毒病防治现状,分析不同防治策略的优缺点,指出药剂防治、生物制剂、疫苗等由于污染环境、防效不明显等原因,在防治CMV上的应用受到越来越多的限制;常规育种由于缺少抗源及育种周期长,在抗CMV育种上成效较低.转基因技术由于基因资源丰富、育种周期短、抗性稳定、不污染环境等优点,在抗CMV研究上有较广泛的应用价值,获得了一批对CMV有较好抗性的转基因植株.运用植物细胞工程技术结合理化诱变因子诱变筛选抗CMV突变体,为创造抗CMV突变系提供了有益的尝试.