At sea movement of Macquarie Island giant petrels: Relationships with marine protected areas and Regional Fisheries Management Organisations

Satellite tracking devices were used to examine the at sea movements of southern and northern giant petrels from Macquarie Island during the Austral summers of 2005-06 and 2006-07. Time spent at sea for nine northern giant petrels (four breeding adults, five recently fledged juveniles) and 10 southern giant petrels (three breeding adults, one non-breeding adult, and six recently fledged juveniles) was examined in relation to marine protected areas and fishing activity in the area immediately adjacent to Macquarie Island in 2005-06, and in terms of the jurisdictions of Regional Fisheries Management Authorities (RFMOs) at a broader scale during both seasons. Breeding adult southern and northern giant petrels spent a large proportion of their time at sea in the Macquarie Island Marine Park (25% and 65%, respectively), primarily during chick rearing. Further from Macquarie Island, the most important foraging areas for adult giant petrels were the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) statistical sub-areas 58.4.1 and 88.1, where foraging activity was concentrated around the ice edge and the Polar Frontal Zone. Fledglings of both species spent time in the Marine Park immediately after fledging, before moving into international waters. We found significant temporal and spatial overlap in the areas used by recently fledged juvenile northern giant petrels and the areas utilised by the single trawler that operated in these waters during 2005-06. Adult giant petrels spent little time in RFMO waters other than those under the jurisdiction of CCAMLR, but fledgling southern and northern giant petrels spent considerable time (56% and 78% of total time at sea) on the high seas of the Pacific Ocean, in areas under the jurisdictions of the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT), the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC), the Inter American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC) and the South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO). Band returns indicate that the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) and the South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO) areas are likely to be extensively utilised by Macquarie Island giant petrels in the first three years after fledging. Overall, Macquarie Island’s giant petrel populations are well protected by marine reserves during the breeding season. However, after fledging birds move into RFMO areas that currently have low standards of observer coverage and by catch mitigation, and where fisheries related mortality is likely to pose a significant risk.     

Use of a spectrum model and satellite cloud data in the simulation of wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) dispersal across the Tasman Sea in 1980

Long distance dispersal of plant pathogens has been simulated using different approaches. Models to predict dispersal of airborne spores often use simplified methods to estimate solar radiation in order to estimate mortality of spores. We incorporated a spectrum model into a Lagrangian approach to simulate dispersal of wheat stripe rust from Australia to New Zealand across the Tasman Sea. To estimate cloud cover conditions, satellite data were also used in our study. The combination of a spectrum model and satellite cloud data made it easy to identify sites at which viable spores were deposited. In our study, 0.6% of deposition near New Zealand followed exposure to UV radiation less than our mortality threshold (0.9 MJ m⁻²). Model spores of wheat stripe rust arrived at sites within 40 km from Otama, New Zealand, where wheat stripe rust was first reported in November 1980. It appeared that the uredospores were transported under an overcast cloud condition, which would increase the chance of successful infection on host crops. Further studies on the relationship between solar UV radiation and mortality of pathogen uredospores would facilitate the use of the spectrum model and satellite data to predict dispersal of airborne spores.     

利用空间信息源编制林业专题图的研究

本文利用ＴＭ卫星影像作为空间信息源,对其进行解译处理,并结合地理信息系统,以林业专题图的编制为应用目的,论述了林业专题图编制的程序、方法、专题处理、各类数据库的建立、专题图输出等环节过程,并给出专题图的实例。     

利用投影寻踪回归技术进行草地产量预报的研究

本文利用1991～1992年在新疆阜康县不同类型草地上观测的牧草产量、环境因子和卫星遥感资料运用投影寻踪回归(PPR)技术,探讨了草地产量预报的原理与方法,建立了产量预报综合模型,其预报精度达到83.5%以上,并克服传统预报方法的一些不足,科学地提示其内在关系,进而对影响产量预报精度和产量形成的因素进行分析与实验验证。因而研究结果表明利用PPR技术基本实现了科学预报草地产量的目的。     

TRMM/GPM和Stage IV降水产品在小流域水文模拟效用评估

以地面观测降水作为参照,在美国俄克拉荷马州Little Washita River流域,对比分析了TRMM 3B42 V7,GPM-IMERG卫星降水和Stage IV雷达降水的精度,并用这3种降水产品驱动CREST分布式水文模型,评估了其水文模拟效用.研究表明:3种降水产品与地面降水的相关系数均大于0.5,通过了0.05置信水平检验;GPM-IMERG和TRMM3B42 V7卫星降水对无雨和微雨存在低估,对大雨和暴雨存在高估;总体上,Stage IV降水精度最好,其次GPM降水精度优于TRMM 3B42 V7.在水文模拟效用评估中,设定相同率定期,分别使用3种降水产品率定CREST模型参数,得到率定参数集后,在相同验证期对流域日径流过程进行模拟.对比结果表明:Stage IV雷达降水在小流域水文模拟中效果最好,GPM-IMERG次之,TRMM 3B42 V7模拟效果不理想.     

2016年8月23-24日青海省河南县强降水天气诊断分析

利用常规观测资料、Micaps、卫星云图、多普勒雷达资料等,从环流背景、物理量、卫星云图、雷达回波等方面,对2016年8月23—24日青海省河南县出现的一次短时强降水天气进行分析,探讨造成此次强降水的主要成因。结果表明,在588 dagpm线副高控制范围内高湿高温状态下,冷暖空气的汇合以及切变辐合造成了此次对流不稳定;在具备充分水汽供应的条件下,垂直方向上低空辐合、高空辐散的配置为此次降水提供了动力条件。对流旺盛、雷达强回波带过境的地方会造成强降水。     

冷涡影响下的两次对流天气对比分析

对2010年7月16日和2011年7月15日两次冷涡位置相似,造成的天气不尽相同的冷涡天气过程,从环流背景、物理量场、卫星云图进行了分析,结果表明：高空冷涡和低层中尺度切变是主要影响系统;由于中低层温度场配置不同、低层切变位置不同、导致天气不同;强对流天气与SI指数的负值区、K指数大值区及CAPE的高值区有较好的对应关系;卫星云图上是一个边缘整齐光滑的对流积雨云团。     

中国地区云的观测研究进展

对多年来中国各地区包括云的分布结构、云与降水的关系、云中的水汽资源和云的辐射强迫等在内的云系统的观测研究进行了综合评述,并根据不同观测手段的特点加以区分。同时,提出了该领域研究中尚待解决的一些问题,展望了未来观测研究的可能方向。     

Effect of Estradiol-17β on protein synthesis and degradation rates in fused bovine satellite cell cultures

Although androgenic and estrogenic steroids are widely used to enhance muscle growth and increase feed efficiency in feedlot cattle, their mechanism of action is not well understood. Further, in vivo studies indicate that estradiol (E2) affects muscle protein synthesis and/or degradation, but in vitro results are inconsistent. We have examined the effects of E2 treatment on protein synthesis and degradation rates in fused bovine satellite cell (BSC) cultures. Additionally, to learn more about the mechanisms involved in E2-enhanced muscle growth, we have examined the effects of compounds that interfere with binding of E2 or insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 to their respective receptors on E2-induced alterations in protein synthesis and degradation rates in BSC cultures. Treatment of fused BSC cultures with E2 results in a concentration-dependent increase (P < 0.05) in protein synthesis rate and a decrease (P < 0.05) in protein degradation rate. The pure estrogen antagonist ICI 182 780 suppresses (P < 0.05) E2-induced alterations in protein synthesis and degradation in fused BSC cultures. The G-protein coupled receptor (GPR)-30 agonist G1 does not affect either synthesis or degradation rate, which establishes that GPR30 does not play a role in E2-induced alterations in protein synthesis or degradation. JB1, a competitive inhibitor of IGF-1 binding to the Type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFR-1), suppresses (P < 0.05) E2-induced alterations in protein synthesis and degradation. In summary, our data show that E2 treatment directly alters both protein synthesis and degradation rates in fused BSC cultures via mechanisms involving both the classical estrogen receptor (ER) and IGFR-1.     

SCI收录的遥感类期刊

以表格的形式介绍了SCIE收录的15种遥感类目期刊,并着重介绍了SCIE收录的6种期刊有关情况,其中包括英文刊名、汉译刊名、出版周期、原版刊号、最新影响因子、国际标准刊号、出版地、出版者、联系地址、最新期刊网址、期刊描述等内容。期刊描述内容包括：期刊的创刊年以及期刊的发展,期刊刊载的主要内容,以及可免费获取该刊目次、文摘及全文信息的网站等。