Multi-time scale analysis of sugarcane within-field variability: improved crop diagnosis using satellite time series?

Within-field spatial variability is related to multiple factors that can be time-independent or time-dependent. In this study, our working hypothesis is that a multi-time scale analysis of the dynamics of spatial patterns can help establish a diagnosis of crop condition. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the within-field variability of a sugarcane crop at seasonal and annual time scales, and tried to link this variability to environmental (climate, topography, and soil depth) and cropping (harvest date) factors. The analysis was based on a sugarcane field vegetation index (NDVI) time series of fifteen SPOT images acquired in the French West Indies (Guadeloupe) in 2002 and 2003, and on an original classification method that enabled us to focus on crop spatial variability independently of crop growth stages. We showed that at the seasonal scale, the within-field growth pattern depended on the phenological stage of the crop and on cropping operations. At the annual scale, NDVI maps revealed a stable pattern for the two consecutive years at peak vegetation, despite very different rainfall amounts, but with inverse NDVI values. This inversion is linked with the topography and consequently to the plant water status. We conclude that (1) it is necessary to know the crop growing cycle to correctly interpret the spatial pattern, (2) single-date images may be insufficient for the diagnosis of crop condition or for prediction, and (3) the pattern of vigour occurrence within fields can help diagnose growth anomalies.

卫星遥感在森林病虫害监测上的研究进展

总结了近20年来卫星遥感技术在森林病虫害监测领域的研究进展,并概括了遥感监测模型的主要应用形式,指出了目前卫星遥感监测森林病虫害工作的局限性,展望了其应用前景。目的在于为卫星遥感监测森林病虫害工作提供一种有益的启示。     

果洛唐古特大黄染色体观察

对蓼科(Polygonaceae)植物唐古特大黄(Rheum tanguticum Maxim.ex Balf.)染色体核型进行了研究.结果表明,唐古特大黄体细胞染色体数目为2n=22;核型公式为K(2n)=22=20 m+2 sm,核型为"1A"型,少数细胞中发现有随体存在.     

APPLICATION OF VEGETATION INDEX OF METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE IN DROUGHT ANALYSIS OF NINGXIA

<正> There are five channels in NOAA-N series meteorological satellites. The channel No.1 is exactly located in the absorbtion band of vegetation, the channel No. 2 in the strong re-flection one. Therefore the two channels are suitable for monitoring and analysing vegeta-tion. To make certain mathematical value combination of two channels and specify its val-     

GPS选择可用性及其对策研究

作者在对ＧＰＳ选拔可用性（ＳＡ）及它对ＧＰＳＣ／Ａ码定位精度的影响研究的基础上，对各种可能采用的对策从理论和实用角度进行了分析。作者认为，在研究对ＳＡ的对策时，我们不宜从如何破译δ和ε信号的变化规律入手，而应着眼于如何设法提高因受ＳＡ影响而降低的定位精度，以达异曲同工之效。     

林火卫星监测技术研究进展

介绍了4种林火卫星监测的技术,包括NOAA/AVHR R卫星监测、EOS/MODIS数据监测、风云(FY)系列卫星监测及环境减灾(HJ)卫星监测,对国内外林火卫星监测发展状况进行了论述,并对林火卫星监测技术研究方向进行了展望。     

卫星搭载不同紫花苜蓿品种花粉形态的扫描电镜观察

应用扫描电镜对卫星搭载的2个紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)品种的花粉显微结构进行了观察研究.结果表明:花粉为长球形和近球形2种,赤道面观为椭圆形,极面观为三裂圆形,具3(拟)孔沟,沟为条形,狭缝状,沟长至两极,孔处有外突或无;花粉外壁纹饰为穴状、粗糙状、网状3种;花粉的外壁纹饰不同品种间以及同一品种的不同处理间均有差异.这2个紫花苜蓿品种的花粉形状、大小和外壁纹饰与地面对照对应品种的花粉存在显著差异(P＜0.05),表明空间飞行因子可导致花粉发育异常及可遗传突变等诱变效应.卫星搭载的2个品种存在花粉败育,不同品种间败育花粉数量存在差异.败育花粉粒形状干瘪,外形异常.     

Proceedings of the 2013 Joint JSTP/NTP Satellite Symposium

The first joint Japanese Society of Toxicologic Pathology (JSTP) and National Toxicology Program (NTP) Satellite Symposium, entitled “Pathology Potpourri,” was held on January 29^th at Okura Frontier Hotel in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, in advance of the JSTP’s 29^th Annual Meeting. The goal of this Symposium was to present current diagnostic pathology or nomenclature issues to the toxicologic pathology community. This article presents summaries of the speakers’ presentations, including diagnostic or nomenclature issues that were presented, select images that were used for audience voting or discussion, and the voting results. Some lesions and topics covered during the symposium include: treatment-related atypical hepatocellular foci of cellular alteration in B6C3F1 mice; purulent ventriculoencephalitis in a young BALB/c mouse; a subcutaneous malignant schwannoma in a RccHan:WIST rat; spontaneous nasal septum hyalinosis/eosinophilic substance in B6C3F1 mice; a rare pancreatic ductal cell adenoma in a young Lewis rat; eosinophilic crystalline pneumonia in a transgenic mouse model; hyaline glomerulopathy in two female ddY mice; treatment-related intrahepatic erythrocytes in B6C3F1 mice; treatment-related subendothelial hepatocytes in B6C3F1 mice; spontaneous thyroid follicular cell vacuolar degeneration in a cynomolgus monkey; congenital hepatic fibrosis in a 1-year-old cat; a spontaneous adenocarcinoma of the middle ear in a young Crl:CD(SD) rat; and finally a series of cases illustrating some differences between cholangiofibrosis and cholangiocarcinoma in Sprague Dawley and F344 rats.     

Land use change modeling through an integrated Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network and Markov Chain analysis(case study: Arasbaran region,Iran)

Temporal land use/land cover (LULC) change information provides a variety of applications for informed management of land resources. The aim of this study was to detect and predict LULC changes in the Arasbaran region using an integrated Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network and Markov Chain analysis. At the first step, multi-temporal Landsat images (1990, 2002 and 2014) were processed using ancillary data and were classified into seven LULC categories of high density forest, low-density forest, agriculture, grassland, barren land, water and urban area. Next, LULC changes were detected for three time profiles, 1990–2002, 2002–2014 and 1990–2014. A 2014 LULC map of the study area was further simulated (for model performance evaluation) applying 1990 and 2002 map layers. In addition, a collection of spatial variables was also used for modeling LULC change processes as driving forces. The actual and simulated 2014 LULC change maps were cross-tabulated and compared to ensure model simulation success and the results indicated an overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of 97.79% and 0.992, respectively. Having the model properly validated, LULC change was predicted up to the year 2025. The results demonstrated that 992 and 1592 ha of high and lowdensity forests were degraded during 1990–2014,respectively, while 422 ha were added to the extent of residential areas with a growth rate of 17.58 ha per year. The developed model predicted a considerable degradation trend for the forest categories through 2025, accounting for 489 and 531 ha of loss for high and low-density forests, respectively. By way of contrast, residential area and farmland categories will increase up to 211 and 427 ha, respectively. The integrated prediction model and customary area data can be used for practical management efforts by simulating vegetation dynamics and future LULC change trajectories.     

At sea movement of Macquarie Island giant petrels: Relationships with marine protected areas and Regional Fisheries Management Organisations

Satellite tracking devices were used to examine the at sea movements of southern and northern giant petrels from Macquarie Island during the Austral summers of 2005-06 and 2006-07. Time spent at sea for nine northern giant petrels (four breeding adults, five recently fledged juveniles) and 10 southern giant petrels (three breeding adults, one non-breeding adult, and six recently fledged juveniles) was examined in relation to marine protected areas and fishing activity in the area immediately adjacent to Macquarie Island in 2005-06, and in terms of the jurisdictions of Regional Fisheries Management Authorities (RFMOs) at a broader scale during both seasons. Breeding adult southern and northern giant petrels spent a large proportion of their time at sea in the Macquarie Island Marine Park (25% and 65%, respectively), primarily during chick rearing. Further from Macquarie Island, the most important foraging areas for adult giant petrels were the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) statistical sub-areas 58.4.1 and 88.1, where foraging activity was concentrated around the ice edge and the Polar Frontal Zone. Fledglings of both species spent time in the Marine Park immediately after fledging, before moving into international waters. We found significant temporal and spatial overlap in the areas used by recently fledged juvenile northern giant petrels and the areas utilised by the single trawler that operated in these waters during 2005-06. Adult giant petrels spent little time in RFMO waters other than those under the jurisdiction of CCAMLR, but fledgling southern and northern giant petrels spent considerable time (56% and 78% of total time at sea) on the high seas of the Pacific Ocean, in areas under the jurisdictions of the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT), the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC), the Inter American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC) and the South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO). Band returns indicate that the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) and the South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO) areas are likely to be extensively utilised by Macquarie Island giant petrels in the first three years after fledging. Overall, Macquarie Island’s giant petrel populations are well protected by marine reserves during the breeding season. However, after fledging birds move into RFMO areas that currently have low standards of observer coverage and by catch mitigation, and where fisheries related mortality is likely to pose a significant risk.