羊栖菜非多糖成分及其药理活性研究进展

综述了近年来对羊栖菜岩藻黄质、多酚、萜类化合物、甾醇化合物等非多糖成分的提取分离以及药理活性方面的研究进展,为羊栖菜非多糖成分的进一步研究和开发利用提供参考。     

铜藻粗多糖酶法提取工艺的优化及其抗氧化活性研究

通过正交试验法对铜藻中粗多糖的酶法提取工艺进行优选,并测定其1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼（DPPH）自由基的清除能力、超氧阴离子自由基（O2-）及抗脂质过氧化能力;优化后铜藻粗多糖提取率为5.61%,具有一定的DPPH自由基清除能力、抗脂质过氧化能力、O2-清除能力。     

Stimulating the Hematopoietic Effect of Simulated Digestive Product of Fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Hematopoietic Damage in Mice and Its Protective Mechanisms Based on Serum Lipidomics

Hematopoietic damage is a serious side effect of cytotoxic drugs, and agents promoting hematopoiesis are quite important for decreasing the death rate in cancer patients. In our previous work, we prepared the simulated digestive product of fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme, DSFF, and found that DSFF could activate macrophages. However, more investigations are needed to further evaluate whether DSFF could promote hematopoiesis in the chemotherapy process. In this study, the protective effect of DSFF (1.8–7.2 mg/kg, i.p.) on cyclophosphamide-induced hematopoietic damage in mice and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. Our results show that DSFF could restore the numbers of white blood cells, neutrophils, and platelets in the peripheral blood, and could also retard bone marrow cell decrease in mice with cyclophosphamide-induced hematopoietic damage. UPLC/Q-Extraction Orbitrap/MS/MS-based lipidomics results reveal 16 potential lipid biomarkers in a serum that responded to hematopoietic damage in mice. Among them, PC (20:1/14:0) and SM (18:0/22:0) were the key lipid molecules through which DSFF exerted protective actions. In a validation experiment, DSFF (6.25–100 μg/mL) could also promote K562 cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro. The current findings indicated that DSFF could affect the blood cells and bone marrow cells in vivo and thus showed good potential and application value in alleviating the hematopoietic damage caused by cyclophosphamide.     

马尾藻多糖对鸡脾脏淋巴细胞GSH和GSSG水平的影响

为观察马尾藻多糖(SP)对鸡脾脏淋巴细胞内氧化还原状态的影响,无菌分离鸡脾脏淋巴细胞,采用终浓度为12.5、25、50、100、200μg/mL的马尾藻多糖分别刺激培养鸡脾脏淋巴细胞4、8、12、24h,测定细胞内还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)水平。结果表明,各浓度SP与鸡脾脏淋巴细胞共同培养4、8、12h均能不同程度地升高细胞内GSH水平,降低鸡脾脏淋巴细胞内GSSG水平,升高鸡脾脏淋巴细胞内GSH/GSSG比值,与空白对照组相比差异显著或极显著(P0.05或P0.01)。说明SP可以通过调节鸡脾脏淋巴细胞内GSH和GSSG的水平来调节细胞内的氧化还原状态,从而发挥其抗氧化作用。     

鼠尾藻的生物学特性及筏式养殖技术研究

报道了鼠尾藻的生物学特性及人工筏式养殖技术。经106天的筏式养殖，藻体平均长度从5.5cm长到79.1cm；每绳重量从860g长到3500g，而对照组只长到1750g。试验组每667m^2产值约6000元。     

Annual net production of the five Sargassaceae species in Yoro,western Wakasa Bay,Sea of Japan

ABSTRACT:   Annual net production of the five Sargassaceae species was investigated in Yoro, western Wakasa Bay, Sea of Japan. The Sargassaceae species were collected at a depth of 2.0–2.5 m and subjected to stratified clipping for 13 months. Annual net production was estimated at 2407 g dry wt/m² for Sargassum patens , 2132 g dry wt/m² for Sargassum macrocarpum , 1458 g dry wt/m² for Sargassum siliquastrum , 1197 g dry wt/m² for Myagropsis myagroides , and 1471 g dry wt/m² for Sargassum piluliferum . The ratio of annual net production to maximum biomass (P/B_max) for these species ranged between 1.3 and 1.7, being higher than in previous studies which used the same method. Winter storms with strong wave exposure and relatively calm condition in Yoro were considered to augment P/B_max. The total losses estimated from the different units of stratified clipping were compared. If larger and less segregated units were applied, the total loss would decrease. It was suggested that a 50 cm stratum would be applicable to the larger species (3 m or longer) and a stratum of 20 cm or less would be applicable to mid-sized or smaller species (less than 3 m).     

羊栖菜Sargasum_fusiforme原生质体的分离和培养

本研究多次获得原生质体，明确了酶解原生质体的内在因素与外在条件，诸如酶溶剂的种类及浓度，酶及组成，酶解温度及ｐＨ，采种藻时间及取用部位。分离的原生质体经初步培养，发现少数２分裂，最好的有成６分裂的细胞团，但尚未成株。研究结果为扩大培养打下了良好的基础。此外，还报道了用海洋细菌酶解的试验及意义     

The abundance of juvenile yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) near the Kuroshio: the roles of drifting seaweed and regional hydrography

We assess the effect of drifting seaweed (Sargassum sp.) biomass, geography and hydrography on juvenile yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) abundance variation off the southeast coast of Japan, near the Kuroshio Current. The amount of drifting seaweed mats progressively increased northeastward into the cooler, coastal waters. Frontal structure indexed using a station‐to‐station ΔSST did not explain spatial variation in the seaweed mat distribution, although the western extent of the Kuroshio Current appeared to act as a boundary. Juvenile yellowtail constituted 51–62% of the fish collected in association with drifting seaweed mats in April 1996 and 1997 and 29% in June 1996. The abundance of juvenile yellowtail was positively correlated with seaweed biomass. The geographic distribution of juvenile yellowtail associated with drifting mats varied among sampling periods, being more southwesterly in April and more northeasterly in June. Simple multiple regression models based on seaweed biomass and geographic distribution (latitude) explained between 35% and 43% of the variation in juvenile yellowtail abundance in spring. Associations with spatial and temporal variations in hydrographic conditions did not contribute to explained variation in a meaningful manner. The results presented here indicate that, off the southeast coast of Japan during April, yellowtail juveniles are likely to be most abundant when seaweed biomass is high, occur offshore, and are bounded by the western extent of the Kuroshio Current near the 19–20°C SST isotherm.     

海蒿子脂溶性物质的抗食物腐败菌活性研究

[目的]研究海蒿子脂溶性物质的抗食物腐败菌活性。[方法]采用圆形纸片法,对海蒿子脂溶性物质及经柱层析分离得到的不同洗脱组分进行抗食物腐败菌试验。[结果]海蒿子粗脂对大肠杆菌和假单胞杆菌的抑菌圈分别为1.0和1.5 mm;枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌对海蒿子粗脂不敏感。苯洗脱组分对金黄色葡萄球菌与枯草芽孢杆菌抑菌圈均为1.0 mm;苯洗脱组分对大肠杆菌和假单胞杆菌无抑菌活性;石油醚洗脱组分对4种腐败菌亦无抑菌活性;乙醇洗脱组分对枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和假单胞杆菌的抑菌圈分别为3.0、4.5、4.0和2.5 mm,空白对照组均无抑菌活性。[结论]海蒿子乙醇洗脱组分具有较强的抗菌活性;多数海藻脂溶性物质的抗菌活性主要体现在其强极性脂成分上。     

大型海藻羊栖菜对新月筒柱藻生长抑制作用研究

研究了羊栖菜藻体、干粉及乙醇提取物对新月筒柱藻生长的影响。结果显示:羊栖菜藻体、干粉和乙醇提取物皆可明显抑制新月筒柱藻的生长,羊栖菜粉末及乙醇提取物对新月筒柱藻的生长的抑制作用表现出较强的浓度-效应关系。72 h时,新月筒柱藻生长抑制率与羊栖菜干粉初始浓度间的关系可表达为y=-0.3801x2+1.1636x,新月筒柱藻生长抑制率与羊栖菜乙醇提取物初始浓度间的关系可表达为y=-0.1445x2+1.4279x。羊栖菜粉末浓度达到1.6 g/L时,新月筒柱藻在3 d内全部死亡;乙醇提取物浓度达0.8 g/L时,藻细胞在2 d内全部死亡。由于乙醇提取物溶液的浓度是以提取前干粉质量表示,因此同等质量的羊栖菜粉末经过乙醇提取后其对新月筒柱藻生长的抑制作用明显高于未经提取的羊栖菜粉末。在1.6 g/L的羊栖菜乙醇提取物作用下数小时后,新月筒柱藻细胞核破裂,并逐渐向两端分散,至24 h时,细胞膜模糊,界限不清,细胞严重萎缩并逐渐碎裂解体。研究亮点:本研究发现大型海藻羊栖菜对冷水性赤潮藻新月筒柱藻的生长具有克生作用,羊栖菜乙醇提取物能明显抑制新月筒柱藻的生长,并对其作用机理进行了初步探讨,为赤潮的生物防治提供理论基础,丰富了海洋化学生态学的研究内容。