UASB工艺系统设计方法探讨

本文全面介绍了UASB系统的设计问题。重点介绍了厌氧预处理工艺和UASB反应器的负荷设计原则和设计方法，混凝土结构矩形UASB反应器各个部分尺寸的计算和确定原则。对UASB的进水配水系统和布水方式作了详细介绍。对三相分离器和UASB建筑材料等问题也进行了讨论。     

香蕉园土壤养分空间变异性及适宜样本容量研究

采用网格采样法采集了156个香蕉园土壤样本,用GS+对土壤养分进行半方差分析,研究养分的空间变异特征,计算土壤各养分适宜的样本容量,指出在约100hm2的研究区域内,采集54个就可以满足香蕉测土施肥的需要。     

Simultaneous Estimations of Forest Parameters using Aerial Photograph Interpreted Data and the k Nearest Neighbour Method

Information about the state of the forest is of vital importance in forest management planning. To enable high-precision modelling, many forest planning systems demand input data at the single-tree level. The conventional strategy for collecting such data is a plot-wise field inventory. This is expensive and, thus, cost-efficient alternatives are of interest. During recent years, the focus has been on remote sensing techniques. The k nearest neighbour (kNN) estimation method is a way to assign plot-wise data to all stands in a forest area, using remotely sensed data in connection with a sparse sample of field reference plots. Plot-wise aerial photograph interpretations combined with information from a stand register were used in this study. Nearness to a reference plot was decided upon using a regression transform distance. Standing stem volume was estimated with a relative root mean square error (RMSE) equal to 20% at the stand level, while age could be estimated with a RMSE equal to 15%. A cost-efficient data-capturing strategy could be to assign plot data with the presented kNN method to some types of forest, while using traditional field inventories in other, more valuable, stands.     

红外光谱在分析制样技术中的应用研究

[目的]为了选用合适的制样方法。[方法]介绍了样品的常规制样方法——固体样品的KBr压片和KCl压片法以及液体样品的可拆液体池法,并且比较了这些方法的优缺点,对于压片法的不足之处,提出了一种改进的制样方法:以空白KBr压片作片基,通过浸渍法制样。[结果]对于固体样品,将其溶解于挥发性有机溶剂,浸渍法制样;对于高沸点液体样品,将样品用挥发性有机溶剂稀释,采用浸渍法制样,即把空白KBr压片在稀释后的溶液中浸渍后在红外灯下挥发掉有机溶剂后制样。[结论]通过与常规压片法对比,这种改进的制样方法所得的谱图能达到定性分析的要求,且弥补常规压片法的不足。     

低温预处理在小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)花药培养中的作用

本文研究了小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)花药离体培养过程中低温预处理对花粉愈伤组织产量的影响,以及这些愈伤组织分化绿苗的情况.结果发现:把接种前的花药放置在0—5℃的冰箱内预处理5—7天后,可明显提高花粉愈伤组织产量(差异达显著或极显著):低温预处理对这些愈伤组织分化绿苗无显著作用;不同基因型之间对低温预处理反应的敏感程度有所差异,品系0705较为理想。     

美味猕猴桃实验样本容量估计研究

本研究估计了美味猕猴桃萌芽百分率、果实可溶性固形物含量以及果皮色泽深浅程度等性状在不同样本容量情况下可探测的在α＝０．０５显著水平上的处理均数差异。其研究结果，将有助于在美味猕猴桃研究中通过选择最宜主样本与次极样本容量来设计高效实验。     

Microspore Embryogenesis Induced by Low Gamma Dose Irradiation in Apple

Flower buds and extracted anthers of two apple genotypes, ‘Golden Delicious’— a previously known non-androgenic genotype — and ‘Topred’— a known androgenic genotype —, were irradiated by gamma-rays at doses ranging from 5 to 20 Gy, after 0 to 5 weeks of cold pre-treatment (3 °C). When the extracted anthers were irradiated, both microspore embryogenesis and callogenesis were limited for the two genotypes. For ‘Golden Delicious’, androgenic embryogenesis was induced from the flower buds irradiated at 10 to 20 Gy and after 3 to 5 weeks of cold pre-treatment. For ‘Topred’, androgenic embryogenesis was slightly improved after flower bud irradiation at 5 to 10 Gy following cold pre-treatment from 0 to 3 weeks; it was limited after 5 weeks of cold pre-treatment.     

基于GPS与GE的土壤水力参数空间变异采样间距确定

为在土壤分析研究时,制定工作量少、试验设计经济合理,同时采样点具备代表性的野外采样方案,采用GPS与Google Earth相结合的方法,在陕西省泾惠渠灌区研究了土壤水力参数区域尺度的空间变异性,结果表明:土壤饱和含水率与饱和导水率在该区域尺度下属于中等变异,且两者均具有较强的空间依赖性;饱和含水率的最佳拟合模型为球形模型,土壤饱和导水率的最佳拟合模型为指数型;推荐两者的采样间距分别为2.38 km和7.14 km。     

RFID技术在国家森林资源连续清查中的应用

森林资源连续清查是森林资源监测体系的重要组成部分,样地和样木的复位率关系到清查成果的准确性和可靠性。在总结森林资源连续清查工作中样地与样木复位的传统方法和易出现的问题的同时,介绍RFID技术的特点与优势,简要提出在森林资源连续清查中使用RFID技术解决问题的方法。     

纤维素酶预处理对杨木APMP浆配抄性能的影响

为了改善杨木高得率浆的配抄性能,扩大其应用范围,研究探讨了纤维素酶预处理对杨木碱性过氧化氢机械浆(APMP浆)配抄性能的影响。结果表明,与未经过酶预处理的杨木APMP浆相比,酶处理后APMP浆打浆能耗最大可降低19%,纤维吸水润胀程度增加,保水值增加12.6%;与不同比例针叶木漂白硫酸盐浆(BKP浆)配抄后,纸张的裂断长、耐破指数和撕裂指数均有所提高,最大可分别提高6.1%,44.6%和30.3%,纸张的松厚度、白度和不透明度稍有降低。纤维质量分析仪(FQA)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析结果显示,酶处理后纤维平均长度增加7.0个百分点,细小纤维组分减少10.0%,纤维卷曲指数降低22.4%,结晶度提高0.7%。可见,纤维素酶预处理可以改善杨木APMP浆的配抄性能,提高纸浆纤维质量,所配抄的纸张的物理强度性能指标有显著提高。