牧草地流转价格空间分异格局及形成机制分析——以内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗为例

以内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗（西乌旗）为例,分析牧草地流转价格的空间结构及其形成机制。首先运用克里金插值法研究其空间分异特征,然后利用相关分析和空间计量模型揭示牧草地流转价格空间格局的形成机制。结果显示：西乌旗牧草地流转价格由旗北部、东南部向外围逐渐递减,并呈现出东高西低的趋势;牧草地流转价格空间自相关特征显著且呈空间集聚格局,但也存在由于少量空间异质性而呈现的局部离散格局;流转价格受草地用途、草地产草量、是否签订合同的影响最显著,牧户年牧业纯收入和个人承包面积对牧草地流转价格影响次之。研究结果为宏观把控该地区牧草地流转价格的总体情况,以及完善不同区域草地流转市场提供了参考信息。     

乳粉中发酵乳杆菌CECT5716微生物检测方法的建立

近年来乳粉中添加益生菌逐渐成为研究热点之一,为保证产品质量和安全,建立乳粉中发酵乳杆菌CECT5716的微生物检测方法。结果表明：在以缓冲蛋白胨水为稀释液进行10 倍系列稀释后,采用MRS平板涂布法,（36±1） ℃厌氧培养（48±2） h后,乳粉中发酵乳杆菌可准确计数,且能与乳粉中添加的双歧杆菌属细菌明显区分;该方法较GB 4789.35—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 乳酸菌检验》方法更适合发酵乳杆菌计数,具有区分度高、培养时间短、操作简单、重复性好、准确性高的优点;该方法增加了菌株16S rDNA序列测定,以进一步对发酵乳杆菌进行分子鉴定;通过对20 份自制样品进行检测评价,表明所建立的方法与国标方法的准确性无显著性差异（P=0.127）。     

Targeted Knock-in of a Fluorescent Protein Gene into the Chicken Vasa Homolog Locus of Chicken Primordial Germ Cells using CRIS-PITCh Method

In chickens, primordial germ cells (PGCs) are effective targets for advanced genome editing, including gene knock-in. Although a long-term culture system has been established for chicken PGCs, it is necessary to select a gene-editing tool that is efficient and precise for editing the PGC genome while maintaining its ability to contribute to the reproductive system. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) and CRISPR-mediated precise integration into the target chromosome (CRIS-PITCh) methods are superior as the donor vector is easier to construct, has high genome editing efficiency, and does not select target cells, compared to the homologous recombination method, which has been conventionally used to generate knock-in chickens. In this study, we engineered knock-in chicken PGCs by integrating a fluorescent protein gene cassette as a fusion protein into the chicken vasa homolog (CVH) locus of chicken PGCs using the CRIS-PITCh method. The knock-in PGCs expressed the fluorescent protein in vitro and in vivo, facilitating the tracking of PGCs. Furthermore, we characterized the efficiency of engineering double knock-in cell lines. Knock-in cell clones were obtained by limiting dilution, and the efficiency of engineering double knock-in cell lines was confirmed by genotyping. We found that 82% of the analyzed clones were successfully knocked-in into both alleles. We suggest that the production of model chicken from the knock-in PGCs can contribute to various studies, such as the elucidation of the fate of germ cells and sex determination in chicken.     

伊维菌素微乳无菌检查方法学的研究

本试验旨在对伊维菌素微乳制剂进行无菌检查方法学验证和无菌检查试验,确认本试验所用的方法适用于该制剂的无菌检查。按《中国兽药典》2005版一部(附录118)所载"无菌检查法"项下进行试验,通过对阳性对照菌、不同量冲洗液等条件的选择,采用薄膜过滤法对10瓶供试品(每种试验菌的样品量)进行检测,建立了无菌检查方法。经方法验证,用400mL 0.1%蛋白胨水溶液冲洗后,含供试品容器中的7个阳性菌试验组与阳性菌对照组相比均生长良好,说明供试品的该检验量在该检验条件下无抑菌作用或其抑菌作用可以忽略不计,可以用该方法进行供试品的无菌检查。对3批供试品进行无菌检查,阳性对照菌均在24h内生长良好,阴性对照均澄清,无菌生长,3批供试品均澄清,无菌生长,无菌检查试验结果符合规定。     

Research Progress on Rapid Serological Assays for Diagnosis of Japanese Encephalitis B

Japanese encephalitis B (JE) is a zoonosis caused by Japanese encephalitis virus which invades the central nervous system,infected by mosquito.Various animals could be the sower and reservoir of JE including swine,horse,cattle and avian.JE could cause a major public health trouble and a horrible crisis of the farm all in Asia and the Western Pacific region.Therefore,it is necessary to diagnose it rapidly and accurately.This review article made a sketch of approaches for the rapid serological assays of JE,including traditional method,emerging technologies and specific improvements of the assay,so as to provide references for the study of rapid,simple and accurate JE diagnose methods.     

猪多杀性巴氏杆菌环介导等温扩增检测方法的建立

为建立猪多杀性巴氏杆菌(Pm)的快速检测方法,本研究以Pm的PlpB基因序列为靶基因设计特异性引物,建立了Pm特异性的环介导等温扩增(LAMP)快速检测方法.经反应条件优化,确定反应条件为63℃,20 min.检测结果显示,建立的LAMP检测方法具有良好的特异性,灵敏度为25 cfu/mL;与大肠杆菌、副猪嗜血杆菌、胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、沙门氏菌无任何交叉反应.采用建立的LAMP方法与常规PCR方法对临床54份分离样品进行检测,检测结果为31份为阳性,23份为阴性,二者符合率为100％.该方法的建立为Pm在临床上的快速检测提供了一种新的技术手段.     

影响牛肉品质的宰后因素

本文从肉牛屠宰后肌肉变化,分析了几种影响屠宰后牛肉品质的相关生理过程,即肌肉pH的下降、温度,肌肉收缩以及肌肉中蛋白质的分解,合适的pH下降速度和(或)肌肉收缩的机械保护,对提高牛肉的嫩度和色泽有较大作用。     

Overestimation of canine albumin concentration with the bromcresol green method in heparinized plasma samples

Albumin concentrations are routinely measured in dogs with bromcresol green (BCG)-binding assays on automated chemistry analyzers. Several variables affect this assay, including the length of reaction time, sample type, and lack of specificity of BCG for albumin. We observed that albumin concentrations measured with BCG appeared higher in heparinized plasma samples in sick dogs. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of anticoagulant and assay procedure on BCG albumin concentrations in clinically ill dogs. We hypothesized that albumin concentrations would be overestimated in heparinized plasma compared with serum because of the combination of heparin and fibrinogen. Furthermore, we hypothesized that the overestimation would be influenced by assay parameters. Blood was collected from 32 clinically ill dogs into tubes containing heparin, citrate, or no anticoagulant. Citrate was chosen to assess the effect of fibrinogen in the absence of heparin. Albumin concentration was measured in all 3 sample types from each dog using 2 different BCG procedures on an automated chemistry analyzer. The BCG procedures (standard and modified) differed in the wavelengths used for absorbance readings (standard, 600/700; modified, 570/505) and the time point at which absorbance was measured (standard, 100 seconds; modified, 40 seconds). In addition, the modified method incorporated a sample blank. Globulin fractions, fibrinogen concentration, and indices of lipemia, hemolysis, and icterus were evaluated for their contribution to the overestimation of albumin concentration in heparinized plasma compared with serum samples. Albumin concentrations were significantly higher (P 相似文献   

澳洲坚果主栽品种‘HAES294’和‘HAES800’乙烯利促落果高效采收方式研究

为降低澳洲坚果采收成本,提高采收效率,以澳洲坚果主栽品种‘HAES800’和‘HAES294’为材料,在果实成熟期喷施浓度为1.5 g/L、2.0 g/L和2.5 g/L的乙烯利溶液,对喷施乙烯利溶液后的落果情况、落叶情况和果实品质进行了研究,并对该方法的促落果效果和使用成本进行了评估。结果表明,品种‘HAES800’喷施上述浓度乙烯利溶液4周后的落果率分别达到94.10%、94.08%和93.67%,而同一时期CK的落果率仅有24.64%;品种‘HAES294’喷施上述浓度乙烯利溶液6周后的落果率则分别达到90.89%、93.17%和91.80%,而同一时期CK的落果率仅有53.27%;相比而言品种‘HAES800’对乙烯利溶液更敏感;建议在生产中品种‘HAES800’和‘HAES294’分别采用1.5 g/L和2.0 g/L的乙烯利溶液进行促落果采收;尽管喷施乙烯利会引起部分落叶,但不会对树体生长和果实品质产生影响。应用本方法可使澳洲坚果采收成本降低25.07%,具有巨大的推广应用前景。     

牛奶中褪黑素含量的检测方法

褪黑素作为一种多功能活性因子,在畜牧生产中具有十分重要的作用。近年来,有关天然高褪黑素奶的研究大规模开展,对奶中褪黑素含量测定需求也有所增加。目前比较常见的褪黑素检测方法有气相色谱法（GC）、气相色谱-质谱联用法（GC-MS）、高效液相色谱法（HPLC）、高效液相色谱-质谱联用法（LC-MS）、放射免疫测定法（RIA）、酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）、紫外分光光度法（UV）。本文从原理、特点及优缺点等方面对这几种方法展开介绍,并对各方法的应用进行简单的比较,为后续相关研究与应用提供一定参考。