山核桃水溶性成分中神经营养活性因子的分离与鉴定

本研究旨在揭示山核桃水溶性成分的神经营养活性及活性因子。利用脱脂山核桃水溶性提取物处理SH-SY5Y细胞,用倒置相差显微镜观察细胞突触生长,用qPCR检测相关基因表达,使用HPLC 及LC-MS对山核桃水溶性成分神经营养活性因子进行分离鉴定。结果显示,山核桃的水溶性成分能够显著促进SH-SY5Y细胞的突触生长,并可以显著上调SH-SY5Y细胞NF160 基因的表达。HPLC及LCMS检测结果发现其水溶性成分主要组成为胞苷、尿苷、鸟苷、腺嘌呤、腺苷等。由此可知,山核桃水溶性成分通过上调NF160基因表达具有神经营养活性。     

A highly sensitive,non‐invasive qPCR‐based strategy for direct quantification of Yersinia ruckeri in fish faeces

Finfish with asymptomatic Yersinia ruckeri infections pose a major risk as they can transmit the pathogen and cause clinical outbreaks in stock populations. Current tools have insufficient quantitative ability for accurately detecting the trace levels of Y. ruckeri typically associated with asymptomatic infection, necessitate invasive or lethal sampling, or require long processing times. This study presents a highly sensitive qPCR‐based method, targeting part of the Y. ruckeri 16S rRNA sequence, that is capable of detecting extremely low levels of Y. ruckeri in noninvasively collected faecal samples. Quantitative precision and accuracy of faecal sample analysis was consistent, despite the complexity of the faecal matrix. The assay demonstrated linearity over a six log‐wide dynamic range. Its limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 4 and 10 copies of the target sequence, respectively. Sensitivity of the assay was comparable to other qPCR‐based methods without requiring invasive or lethal sampling. Applicability as a screening strategy was tested using passively collected faecal samples. Asymptomatic Y. ruckeri infection was detected in all samples, although none of the fish exhibited overt infection. This method will be beneficial for finfish disease management if developed further as a noninvasive, screening tool against asymptomatic Y. ruckeri infection.     

抗马铃薯Y病毒病的VIGS生防剂发酵条件及施用方法优化

病毒诱导的基因沉默（virus-induced gene silence,VIGS）是植物病毒病防治方法之一,能够有效防治马铃薯Y病毒病。以VIGS表达载体发酵液对烟草马铃薯Y病毒病的防治效果为检测指标,筛选最佳发酵液发酵所需的培养基、发酵条件和施用方法。结果表明：VIGS表达载体发酵液最优培养基是YEP培养基;最优发酵条件为装瓶量60 mL/200 mL、初始pH 7.0、培养温度30℃、振荡培养24 h;施用方法以 “原液稀释100倍”、“剪叶后喷施+移栽时灌根”和“含PVY CP和HC-Pro基因片段的VIGS载体发酵液混合使用”的施用效果最佳。上述结果为抗马铃薯Y病毒病的VIGS生防剂发酵提供了理论依据,也为其田间应用打下基础。     

竹柳引种造林试验

对不同造林密度下3年生竹柳的树高、地径与保存率进行了研究,并与桉树进行比较。结果表明:3年生竹柳的树高、地径及保存率在各密度处理间无显著差异,说明密度处理对竹柳的生长无显著影响。桉树的树高年平均增长量和地径年平均增长量分别比竹柳高出3.456 m和2.355 cm,均存在极显著差异。造林3年后,桉树和竹柳的保存率无显著差异。     

吉林西部地区竹柳5号引种试验初报

以白城引种栽培的竹柳5号为对象,对其在引种地的有关形态特性、物候及生长表现进行调查,以分析竹柳5号在吉林西部引种栽植的可行性。试验结果表明:竹柳5号在白城市不需要特殊的保护就能露地越冬而生长良好,能够保持原有的性状与品质,能够用硬枝或嫩枝扦插等方法进行繁殖。该树种具有耐干旱、抗寒冷、耐盐碱的特性,可在吉林省西部盐碱地的综合开发中推广应用。     

Pb胁迫条件下旱柳扦插苗生长过程生理生化响应机制研究

为研究旱柳对铅的耐受机制,以2年生旱柳(Salix matsudana)扦插苗为材料,进行盆栽实验,分析研究生长6个月后的扦插苗在铅浓度为0、200、600、1000、1200 mg/kg时的生理生化响应机制。结果表明：随着土壤铅浓度的增加,植株长势、根茎叶中的SOD、POD、CAT活性、可溶性蛋白含量以及叶中的叶绿素含量均呈先升后降的变化趋势,MDA含量呈上升趋势。各项生理指标：根＞茎＞叶。该实验表明：旱柳根系为重金属铅的主要累积部位,只有少量的铅转移到地上部分且600 mg/kg铅胁迫下旱柳幼苗有最佳耐性机制。     

Y58S系列组合产量、品质及抗性的综合表现

为选育不育起点温度低、配合力强、米质优的实用型两系不育系,以近年来新育成的22个Y58S组合为对象,对其产量、品质及病虫抗性进行研究。结果表明：平均产量为8978.7 kg/hm²,所有品质指标均达到《优质稻谷》3级标准的组合占40.9%,感稻瘟病和褐飞虱。因此,Y58S系列组合产量水平较高,稻米品质较优,主要病虫抗性相对较差。     

Structure-Activity Relationship Study of the Neuritogenic Potential of the Glycan of Starfish Ganglioside LLG-3

LLG-3 is a ganglioside isolated from the starfish Linchia laevigata. To clarify the structure-activity relationship of the glycan of LLG-3 toward rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells in the presence of nerve growth factor, a series of mono- to tetrasaccharide glycan derivatives were chemically synthesized and evaluated in vitro. The methyl group at C8 of the terminal sialic acid residue was crucial for neuritogenic activity, and the terminal trisaccharide moiety was the minimum active motif. Furthermore, the trisaccharide also stimulated neuritogenesis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 was rapidly induced by adding 1 or 10 nM of the trisaccharide. The ratio of phosphorylated ERK to ERK reached a maximum 5 min after stimulation, and then decreased gradually. However, the trisaccharide did not induce significant Akt phosphorylation. These effects were abolished by pretreatment with the MAPK inhibitor U0126, which inhibits enzymes MEK1 and MEK2. In addition, U0126 inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 in response to the trisaccharide dose-dependently. Therefore, we concluded that the trisaccharide promotes neurite extension in SH-SY5Y cells via MAPK/ERK signaling, not Akt signaling.     

KOH活化法制备沙柳枝木活性炭的研究

活性炭是一种疏松多孔的碳单质,具有吸附作用,已在诸多领域广泛应用,例如,食品加工、军事化学防护、环境保护等。针对沙柳枝木的利用现状,选取KOH为活化剂并且采用微波法制备沙柳枝木活性炭,研究了活化剂辐射时间、质量浓度、液料比、辐射功率、浸渍时间等因素对活性炭吸附性能的影响,通过对单因素试验结果的正交优化,得出活性炭制备的最佳方法如下：KOH活化法制备沙柳枝木活性炭的最佳工艺条件为：液料比4:1、浸渍时间18 h、辐照功率560 W、辐照时间20 min,该工艺条件下所制备的活性炭成品碘吸附值为1011.01 mg/g,达到了GB/T 13803.2—1999中一级品标准。     

Vertical distribution of soil properties under short‐rotation forestry in Northern Germany

Short‐rotation forestry (SRF) on arable soils has high potentials for biomass production and leads to long‐term no‐tillage management. In the present study, the vertical distributions of soil chemical and microbial properties after 15 y of SRF with willows and poplar (Salix and Populus spp.) in 3‐ and 6‐year rotations on an arable soil were measured and compared to a pertinent tilled arable site. Two transects at different positions in the relief (upper and lower slope; transect 1 and 2) were investigated. Short‐rotation forestry caused significant changes in the vertical distribution of all investigated soil properties (organic and microbial C, total and microbial N, soil enzyme activities), however, the dimension and location (horizons) of significant effects varied. The rotation periods affected the vertical distribution of the soil properties within the SRF significantly. In transect 1, SRF had higher organic‐C concentrations in the subsoil (Bv horizon), whereas in transect 2, the organic‐C concentrations were increased predominantly in the topsoil (Ah horizon). Sufficient plant supply of P and K in combination with decreased concentrations of these elements in the subsoil under SRF pointed to an effective nutrient mobilization and transfer from the deeper soil horizons even in the long term. In transect 1, the microbial‐C concentrations were higher in the B and C horizons and in transect 2 in the A horizons under SRF than under arable use. The activities of β‐glucosidases and acid phosphatases in the soil were predominantly lower under SRF than under arable use in the topsoil and subsoil. We conclude, that long‐term SRF on arable sites can contribute to increased C sequestration and changes in the vertical distribution of soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities in the topsoil and also in the subsoil.