Tolerance of Two Hydroponically Grown Salix Genotypes to Excess Zinc

Woody cuttings from two Salix genotypes (genotype I—clone LUC-31, Salix alba and genotype II- clone STOTT, Salix viminalis) were grown hydroponically for 14 days at increasing concentrations of Zn: control, 50, 100 or 150 μ M Zn. Genotype tolerance to excess zinc (Zn) was evaluated using a root elongation test. The changes in growth, Zn, iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) concentrations as well as photosynthetic performance were used as additional evaluation criteria. Photosynthetic pigments concentrations in Zn-exposed cuttings of genotype II decreased as compared with genotype I, which corresponded well with the higher leaf Zn accumulation, decreased Fe concentrations as well as lowered photosynthetic rate. Based on the indicators used, genotype I (Salix alba) was classified as more tolerant to excess Zn than genotype II (Salix viminalis).     

北沙柳种质资源的初步调查与分析

为了解我国毛乌素沙地北沙柳种质资源的生长状况以及北沙柳部分性状的分类和分布规律,对北沙柳种质资源进行科学的管理以及有效的利用,采用样线法与随机抽样相结合的调查方法,对我国毛乌素沙地北沙柳的生长发育状况进行现地调查,确定了我国北沙柳的主要分布区.采用数理统计的分析方法分析了北沙柳部分性状的变异情况及其生长现状.(1)北沙柳灌丛高度和冠幅均符合正态分布,冠幅变异幅度大于灌丛高度变异幅度.(2)不同种源区北沙柳灌丛高度差异显著,冠幅差异不显著.(3)不同种源区北沙柳的扦插成活率差别较大.     

木本植物逆境胁迫研究进展

木本植物(Woody plant)具有多年生、木质部发达和茎坚硬等特点,能抵御复杂多变的外界环境。本综述归纳了木本植物逆境胁迫的几个重要方面,例如盐胁迫、干旱胁迫和低温胁迫。归纳并总结了与应激有关的基因、蛋白质、转录因子和应激反应机制,并简要概述了木本植物在植被保护、园林绿化和土壤改良等方面的应用价值,最后对木本植物研究的局限性和存在的不足进行了讨论。蒙古柳(Salix linearistipularis)作为松嫩平原盐碱地区唯一具有群落分布的木本植物,是研究逆境胁迫的重要树种材料。因此,本综述着重介绍了耐盐碱木本植物蒙古柳对盐等逆境胁迫的研究进展,以期为木本植物逆境胁迫研究提供一定的理论基础;并针对目前研究存在的不足,为进一步研究提供了参考方向。     

KOH活化法制备沙柳枝木活性炭的研究

活性炭是一种疏松多孔的碳单质,具有吸附作用,已在诸多领域广泛应用,例如,食品加工、军事化学防护、环境保护等。针对沙柳枝木的利用现状,选取KOH为活化剂并且采用微波法制备沙柳枝木活性炭,研究了活化剂辐射时间、质量浓度、液料比、辐射功率、浸渍时间等因素对活性炭吸附性能的影响,通过对单因素试验结果的正交优化,得出活性炭制备的最佳方法如下：KOH活化法制备沙柳枝木活性炭的最佳工艺条件为：液料比4:1、浸渍时间18 h、辐照功率560 W、辐照时间20 min,该工艺条件下所制备的活性炭成品碘吸附值为1011.01 mg/g,达到了GB/T 13803.2—1999中一级品标准。     

Pb胁迫条件下旱柳扦插苗生长过程生理生化响应机制研究

为研究旱柳对铅的耐受机制,以2年生旱柳(Salix matsudana)扦插苗为材料,进行盆栽实验,分析研究生长6个月后的扦插苗在铅浓度为0、200、600、1000、1200 mg/kg时的生理生化响应机制。结果表明：随着土壤铅浓度的增加,植株长势、根茎叶中的SOD、POD、CAT活性、可溶性蛋白含量以及叶中的叶绿素含量均呈先升后降的变化趋势,MDA含量呈上升趋势。各项生理指标：根＞茎＞叶。该实验表明：旱柳根系为重金属铅的主要累积部位,只有少量的铅转移到地上部分且600 mg/kg铅胁迫下旱柳幼苗有最佳耐性机制。     

沙柳沙障腐烂过程对土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的影响

为探究沙柳沙障腐烂过程土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的变化规律,以铺设10年的沙柳沙障为研究对象,采用野外原位取样和室内指标测定法,结合RDA多元数据排序分析,揭示影响土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的主要环境因子.结果表明:(1)随铺设年限的增加,土壤中的C∶ N与C∶ P呈上升趋势,10年后的C∶ N是1年的16.14倍,而N ...     

Revegetation of copper mine tailings with ryegrass and willow

To restore vegetation on metal mine tailings is very difficult because they often contain high concentrations of heavy metals, low nutrient content and low water retention capacity. This study involved 3 experiments that evaluated the effects of 4 treatment amendments: montmorillonite, rice straw, organic manure and chemical fertilizer on the growth of ryegrass (Loliurn perenne L.) and willow (Salix virninalis L.) with Cu and Zn mine tailings from two mining areas. The results showed that ryegrass was the most tolerant of 4 crops to Cu toxicity. Also when organic manure, which contained high concentrations of inorganic salts, was added to the mine tailings, it significantly hindered ryegrass growth (P=0.05).Meanwhile, with ryegrass organic manure significantly increased (P=0.05) the extractable Cu concentration in both mine tallings. When montmorillonite was used as a mine tailings amendment with willow, the height and tress number at the 1st cut were significantly greater (P = 0.05) than a control without montmorillonite. However there was no significant difference for height, tress number, dry weight or root dry weight at the 2nd cut. So, amendment applications to reduce metal toxicity and increase nutrients retention in mine tailings were essential during revegetation of mine tailings.     

三种植被类型植物根系对崇明岛海岸带稳定性的影响

Coastal erosion is currently a major problem along the southern coast of Chongming Island, Shanghai. To enhance the erosion protection ability of coastal shelterbelts, two woody tree species, Taxodium ascendens and Salix babylonica, were planted separately into Phragmites australis + Scirpus mariqueter communities in 2006. Two years later, we investigated whether either of these experiments reduced erosion and increased stability in the native herbaceous plant community. We also examined soil stability and root length density under T. ascendens added, S. babylonica added and native herbaceous vegetation conditions along an intertidal gradient from the soil surface to a depth of 40 cm in each experiment, thus to determine the capacity of T. ascendens and S. babylonica to contribute to shoreline stabilization. Topsoil under the native vegetation had greater stability at the middle and higher intertidal zones because its soil stability index and root length density were significantly higher than in the T. ascendens or S. babylonica planted communities. The effect of T. ascendens on soil stability was not generally better than that of the native vegetation. Only at the 20-30 cm soil depth of the middle intertidal zone and in the 10-20 cm layer of the higher intertidal zone the soil stability index and root length densities under the T. ascendens added condition were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of the native vegetation. The S. babylonica planted soil had greater stability in the deeper soil layer than the soil under either the native vegetation or the T. ascendens added condition, and its soil stability index and root length density were significant higher (P < 0.05) than those of other vegetation conditions at the 30-40 cm soil depth for the lower intertidal zone and at the 20-40 cm layer for middle and higher intertidal zones.     

沙柳和柠条灌丛分枝生长对模拟降雨改变的响应

利用模拟降雨操纵试验(对照、降雨增加45％和减少50％),研究第2年沙柳和柠条灌丛不同径级分枝生长对模拟降雨改变的响应.结果表明:1)沙柳10～15 mm径级的分枝基径、枝长和生物量对降雨改变有一定响应,15 ～ 20 mm径级分枝枝长和生物量对降雨改变有响应;干旱显著降低了10 ～ 15 mm径级枝长和生物量的增加量,而增水增加了15～20 mm径级枝长和生物量的增加量,其他径级对降雨改变无显著响应.2)柠条＜20 mm径级的基径生长对降雨改变均有显著的响应,但只有＜ 10 mm径级枝长对降雨改变有显著响应,小径级分枝对降雨改变的响应更敏感.增水增加了＜ 10 mm径级生物量,而干旱并未导致该径级生物量显著降低;增水对10～20 mm径级生长季生物量并未产生影响,但干旱导致该径级生物量显著降低.3)增水导致沙柳和柠条每丛生物量增加量分别为11.3％和35.5％,而干旱导致每丛生物量增加量分别下降14.2％和36.8％,降水改变对柠条生长的影响要大于沙柳.该研究可为未来降雨格局改变下,2种灌木的生长动态和生产力预测提供理论依据.     

土壤铅胁迫对旱柳生长及相关生理特性的影响

采用盆栽试验方法研究了不同铅胁迫浓度下旱柳幼苗的生长及相关生理指标的变化。结果表明:随着重金属铅胁迫浓度的增加,旱柳的比叶重、株高与地径生长受到抑制;叶绿素含量及根系活力呈下降的趋势;叶片游离脯氨酸含量与细胞膜透性呈逐渐增加趋势。在浓度为300mg/kg时,游离脯氨酸、细胞膜透性及根系活力与对照相比达到显著差异(P<0.05);在浓度600mg/kg时,株高、地径与对照相比达到极显著差异(P<0.01);叶绿素a与对照相比达到显著差异(P<0.05);不同铅胁迫浓度对叶绿素b、叶绿素a/b值没有显著的影响。