沂蒙山区杞柳害虫记述

近4年来的研究，记载了为害沂蒙山区杞柳的害虫（害螨），共计115种，分属于昆虫纲和蛛形钢，6目，31科。     

土壤铅胁迫对旱柳生长及相关生理特性的影响

采用盆栽试验方法研究了不同铅胁迫浓度下旱柳幼苗的生长及相关生理指标的变化。结果表明:随着重金属铅胁迫浓度的增加,旱柳的比叶重、株高与地径生长受到抑制;叶绿素含量及根系活力呈下降的趋势;叶片游离脯氨酸含量与细胞膜透性呈逐渐增加趋势。在浓度为300mg/kg时,游离脯氨酸、细胞膜透性及根系活力与对照相比达到显著差异(P<0.05);在浓度600mg/kg时,株高、地径与对照相比达到极显著差异(P<0.01);叶绿素a与对照相比达到显著差异(P<0.05);不同铅胁迫浓度对叶绿素b、叶绿素a/b值没有显著的影响。     

Metal uptake in maize, willows and poplars on impoldered and freshwater tidal marshes in the Scheldt estuary

Foliar Cd and Zn concentrations in Salix, Populus and Zea mays grown on freshwater tidal marshes were assessed. Soil metal concentrations were elevated, averaging 9.7 mg Cd kg^?1 dry soil, 1100 mg Zn kg^?1 dry soil and 152 mg Cr kg^?1 dry soil. Cd (1.1–13.7 mg kg^?1) and Zn (192–1140 mg kg^?1) concentrations in willows and poplars were markedly higher than in maize on impoldered tidal marshes (0.8–4.8 mg Cd kg^?1 and 155–255 mg Zn kg^?1). Foliar samples of maize were collected on 90 plots on alluvial and sediment‐derived soils with variable degree of soil pollution. For soil Cd concentrations exceeding 7 mg Cd kg^?1 dry soil, there was a 50% probability that maize leaf concentrations exceeded public health standards for animal fodder. It was shown that analysis of foliar samples of maize taken in August can be used to predict foliar metal concentrations at harvest. These findings can therefore contribute to anticipating potential hazards arising from maize cultivation on soils with elevated metal contents.     

Revegetation of copper mine tailings with ryegrass and willow

To restore vegetation on metal mine tailings is very difficult because they often contain high concentrations of heavy metals, low nutrient content and low water retention capacity. This study involved 3 experiments that evaluated the effects of 4 treatment amendments: montmorillonite, rice straw, organic manure and chemical fertilizer on the growth of ryegrass (Loliurn perenne L.) and willow (Salix virninalis L.) with Cu and Zn mine tailings from two mining areas. The results showed that ryegrass was the most tolerant of 4 crops to Cu toxicity. Also when organic manure, which contained high concentrations of inorganic salts, was added to the mine tailings, it significantly hindered ryegrass growth (P=0.05).Meanwhile, with ryegrass organic manure significantly increased (P=0.05) the extractable Cu concentration in both mine tallings. When montmorillonite was used as a mine tailings amendment with willow, the height and tress number at the 1st cut were significantly greater (P = 0.05) than a control without montmorillonite. However there was no significant difference for height, tress number, dry weight or root dry weight at the 2nd cut. So, amendment applications to reduce metal toxicity and increase nutrients retention in mine tailings were essential during revegetation of mine tailings.     

Soil bacterial community response to sulfadiazine in the soil–root zone

Sulfonamide antibiotics reach soil via manure and adversely affect microbial diversity. Clear effects of these bacteriostatic, growth‐inhibiting antibiotics occur in the presence of a parallel input of microbial activity stimulating manure. Natural hot spots with already increased soil microbial activity are located in the rhizosphere, comprising microorganism such as Pseudomonas with plant growth promoting and pathogenic strains. The hypothesis was therefore that the antibiotic activity of sulfonamides is promoted in the rhizosphere even in the absence of manure, followed by shifts of the natural plant‐specific microbial community structure. This was evaluated by a laboratory experiment with Salix fragilis L. and Zea mays L. After 40 d of incubation, sub‐areas such as non‐rhizosphere soil, rhizosphere soil and plant roots were sampled. Effects on microbial community structure were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene fragment patterns of total bacteria community and Pseudomonas. Selected exoenzymes of N‐, P‐, and C‐cycling were used to test effects on microbial functions. Compared to the factors soil sub‐area and sulfadiazine (SDZ) content, plant species had the largest influence on the bacterial community structure and soil exoenzyme activity pattern. This was also reflected by an up to 1.5‐fold higher acid phosphatase activity in samples from maize‐ compared to willow‐planted soil. We conclude that antibiotic effects on the bacterial community structures are influenced by the antibiotic concentration and root influence.     

灌丛植物-乌柳

通过对乌柳生长状况及与柽柳生物量的比较分析，结果表明，乌柳虽然在林区广泛生长，在共和盆地干旱半干旱沙地引种也能很好生长，是干旱半干旱区的生态治理好帮手。     

半干旱风沙区黄柳幼苗生长发育对沙埋的响应

以科尔沁沙地黄柳(Salix gordejevii)幼苗为研究对象,通过0 cm,10 cm,20 cm和40 cm 4个沙埋处理,研究其生长发育对沙埋的响应。结果表明：随着沙埋深度的增加,黄柳幼苗的死亡率增加,存活率下降。沙埋对黄柳幼苗的株高、相对高度增长率,分配到根、茎、叶的生物量和根冠比有显著影响,对绝对高度增长率和生物量无显著影响。轻度沙埋有利于黄柳幼苗高度增加,随着沙埋深度的增加,株高依然增加,相对高度生长率却下降。轻度沙埋使黄柳幼苗的生物量较多地分配到根,随着沙埋深度的增加,较多的生物量分配给地上部分,根冠比下降。说明黄柳幼苗可通过加快茎的生长或改变生物量的分配等方式维持光合作用能力,增加对沙埋的抵御能力。     

基于Fisher判别分析的9种柳属植物鉴别模型构建

以银芽柳、垂柳、旱柳、蒿柳、杞柳、沙柳、苏172、苏799、垂爆柳9种柳属植物为材料,对其叶长、叶宽、叶最宽处距叶尖距离、叶柄长、腋芽长、叶片密度和叶序比等7个指标进行分类统计分析和Fisher判别分析,得出这9种柳属植物的判别函数,构建判别模型。再将这9种柳属植物的形态指标数据代入相应判别模型,检验其判别效果。结果表明,判别模型对柳属植物种间的识别正确率高于95%,可用于柳属植物的种间判别。     

高山柳扦插育苗试验

通过对高山柳不同年龄、不同长度、不同粗度、不同侧芽数的各种插穗进行扦插育苗试验,研究影响高山柳扦插成活率的基本条件,为高山柳繁殖提供参考。结果表明：插穗年龄是影响扦插成活率的主要因素,其次是侧芽数、粗度、长度;同时,总结出用1a生、长度20em、粗度0．8cm、侧芽数3个的辐穗为高山柳扦插育苗的最佳方法。     

土壤生物工程在北京山区公路绿化中的应用

山区公路边坡绿化不仅可以保护边坡,防治水土流失,而且还可以改善公路施工过程中对环境造成的创伤,已经成为公路边坡治理的重要内容。以北京市怀柔区琉璃河岸坡为试验示范区,以旱柳(Salix matsudana)作为主要的绿化植物,采用扦插、埋根、灌丛垫、柳篱挡墙、梢捆等土壤生物工程措施,对沿河公路路基边坡进行治理,并对施工完成5个月后的生长状况、护坡效果等进行观测调查。结果表明:5种土壤生物工程中旱柳的成活率均在90%以上,在试验区具有很好的适应性;在不同的工程类型、水淹与否等条件下,旱柳的生长状况表现出明显的差异,各措施按旱柳生长状况由好到差排序依次为梢捆、灌丛垫、埋根、扦插、柳篱挡墙;水淹1个月的旱柳基径和株高较未水淹的平均值分别小13.2%和21.4%。