The agronomic benefit of phosphate rock application with elemental sulfur depends on the reactivity and fertilizer placement

Abstract

A possible way to improve phosphate rock (PR) agronomic performance is through the addition of elemental sulfur (S⁰). We used ³²P isotope dilution method to assess the P taken up by crops treated with PR. Two experiments, one with common bean and other with upland rice, were carried out, to evaluate the effect of S⁰ on the agronomic performance of two contrasting PR, applied in different methods. Gafsa (GPR) and Patos de Minas (PPR) were used as the high and low reactivity PR, respectively. The experiments were arranged in completely randomized design on factorial structure 2?×?2 × 2?+?2; which means 2 PR (GPR and PPR) versus 2?S⁰ condition (with or without-S⁰) versus 2 application methods (band and broadcast) plus 2 additional treatments (control and triple superphosphate). In band application the S⁰ increased the amount of P uptake by plants from fertilizer of GPR from 2.57 to 9.86?mg pot^?1 for common bean and of 2.26 to 7.05?mg pot^?1 to rice. Regardless the management adopted, less than 2% of P applied as PPR has been taken up by crops. The addition of S⁰ as a strategy to increase the agronomic performance of PR is PR characteristics dependent and fertilizers placement.     

不同种植密度对甘蔗品种桂糖32号产量及构成因子的影响

[目的]探寻桂糖32号适宜的种植密度,为在河池蔗区推广桂糖32号提供栽培技术指导。[方法]试验研究5种不同的种植密度(1:7.5万芽/hm2、2:9.0万芽/hm2、3:10.5万芽/hm2、4:12.0万芽/hm2和5:13.5万芽/hm2)对桂糖32号萌芽率、分蘖率、产量构成因子、蔗茎产量及含糖量的影响。[结果]研究结果表明:不同的种植密度对桂糖32号的萌芽率和茎径影响不大;桂糖32号分蘖率随其种植密度的增加而有所降低;有效茎数、产量及含糖量随其种植密度的增加而增加。与7.5万芽/hm2相比,9.0万、10.5万芽/hm2种植密度能增产3.99、4.47 t/hm2和增糖0.23、0.74 t/hm2,而12.0万、13.5万芽/hm2种植密度能显著增产7.63、12.01 t/hm2和显著增糖1.57、1.75 t/hm2。[结论]河池蔗区桂糖32号适宜的种植密度在12.0万~13.5万芽/hm2,最佳的种植密度在13.5万芽/hm2左右,在此密度下可获得较高的蔗茎产量和含糖量。     

旱地冬小麦新品种兰天32号选育报告

冬小麦新品种兰天32号是以兰天16号为母本、陇原031号为父本进行杂交,采用系谱法选育而成,原代号为04-277。在2010—2012年甘肃省陇东片冬小麦品种区域试验中,两年度13点(次)平均折合产量5 377.65kg/hm2,较对照品种西峰27号增产8.83%。株高62~74 cm,穗粒数27.4~35.7个,千粒重36.9~40.1 g,容重761~775g/L。籽粒含粗蛋白(干基)185.9 g/kg、湿面筋(14%水分)313.1 g/kg、赖氨酸5.2 g/kg,沉降值(14%水分)51.2 m L。苗期对混合菌中感,成株期对水4免疫,对条中31号、条中32号及贵22-9、贵22-14、混合菌表现中抗,田间中抗白粉病。适宜在庆阳市南部川塬区、平凉市东北部塬区等地种植。     

家畜精子超弱化学发光的研究

利用液体闪烁计数仪测定绵羊精子的超弱化学发光,以研究它的机理和畜牧中的应用价值。结果表明,精子的发光与活力、呼吸、果糖分解、~(32)Pi摄入量和磷酸肌酸呈正相关(r=0.9806,P<0.01;0.9684,p<0.01;0.9882,p<0.01;0.9793,p<0.01;0.9962,p<0.01)说明了精子的发光与代谢存在有内在的联系,反映了精子的能量转化过程和精子细胞物理化学反应的信息,是评定精子质量很有价值的一个指标。     

M_9矮化中间砧段对~(32)P运转的影响

研究表明M_9中间砧段对~(32)P有明显的滞阻作用,生长期限制~(32)P上运,休眠期限制下运。中间砧段内滞存~(32)P较多,影响基砧根系的吸收,试验树全株~(32)P含量低于对照树,抑制了植株接穗部分的营养生长。     

四川长宁楠竹(Phyllostachys Pubescens)竹干形状规律及材积测定公式的初步研究

为更精确地评定竹干材积,研究了竹干形状的特性。形率按直径的分布趋于正态分布。胸高直径与形率的相关、胸高直径与形数的相关,直径与形高的相关都已作了研究,作为结论八个测定竹干材积的公式提了出来,划分为四个类型,其标准差都小于±5％。另一方面,对实积仔数也进行了研究、实积仔数随直径的增大而减小。竹产资源的计量单位,目前我国尚无统一的标准,有以重量为单位、有以株数为单位、也有以竹干材积为单位。就楠竹而论,由于竹干形体相差甚大,用株数计不能正确评定竹产资源和竹干材积,用重量计则又称量不便,加之含水率对竹干重量影响甚大,正确测定竹干含水率不是每一生产单位都很方便和可能的。比较一致的意见是赞同以材积作为评定单位较合理可行。为此有必要对楠竹干形及求积式进行研究。长宁是四川楠竹的主产区,历年来大量地提供国家建设所需的竹材。我们根据400余株标准竹和计算竹的实侧资料,对该地竹干形状进行探讨,在此基础上提出了八个竹干材积测定公式,供生产单位试用检验。     

基于办公家具设计灵活应用32mm系统的思考和实践

通过对企业系列文件柜尺寸与结构的分析,阐述怎样在实践中灵活应用32mm系统原理来对柜体旁板、门、抽屉及旁板上的系统孔、结构孔进行标准化设计,为标准板件和32mm系统家具的设计应用提供了一个实例。     

Effects of IL-32γ on proliferation and cell cycle of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: To observe the effects of interleukin-32γ (IL-32γ)on the proliferation and cell cycle of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). METHODS: The VSMCs were isolated from the thoracic aorta of SD rats by the method of tissue-piece inoculation. The cells were cultured and treated with different concentrations of IL-32γ. The proliferation of the cells was examined by MTT assay. The cell cycles were analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein levels of NF-κB p65 and cyclin D1 were detected by Western blotting. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)was examined by immunocytochemical staining. RESULTS: Administration of IL-32γ at the concentrations of 10~50 μg/L for 24~48 h significantly promoted the proliferation of VSMCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. After stimulation with IL-32γ at the concentration of 50 μg/L for 24 h, the cell cycle transition from G₁ phase to S/G₂ phase was accelerated and the expression levels of NF-κB p65, cyclin D1 and PCNA increased as compared with those in control group. CONCLUSION: IL-32γ promotes the proliferation of rat VSMCs and accelerates the cell cycle transition via upregulating the expression of NF-κB p65 and cyclin D1.     

基于STM32的越野搬运机器人的设计

随着智能技术突飞猛进的发展、教育理念的不断更新,综合了对人工智能、计算机、自动控制、图像处理、传感器的机器人技术需求也在高速发展。本文所设计的越野小车,通过黑箱法得出其总功能,功能元求解获得最优解。继而对机械结构、硬件选型、软件设计三个部分采用模块化设计,设计制作出一款高可靠、低功耗且操作便利的越野搬运机器人以适应教育理念的更新迭代。