豇豆锈病菌生命表和繁殖表

 把豇豆单孢锈菌(Uromyces phaseoli var.vignae)侵染豇豆(Vigna sesquipdalis)的整个夏孢子世代区分为孢子、芽管、附着胞、气孔下泡囊、菌丝、定殖和孢子堆等七个阶段。在自然条件下,利用豇豆单孢锈菌侵染豇豆幼苗叶片世代发育过程的试验结果,编制了其生命表和繁殖表,计算结果表明:其最大相对增长率r_max=0.68(天-1),平均世代时间T_g=1.31(天),净殖率R_o=7097(个)。
本文还根据真菌生活史有别于昆虫这一事实,通过修改Morris-Watt模型,初步描述了一种计算真菌种群趋势指数的方法。     

Variation of virulence of white pine blister rust

According to the literature the following evidence suggests racial variation in white pine blister rust: changes over site in general level of resistance; interaction of needle spot color types with crosses of western white pine; neutralization of specific resistance reactions; bark reactions and normal cankers on the same tree.     

穿山龙锈病的发生危害及防治措施

穿山龙锈病是穿山龙（Dioscoreae nipponica Makino）上的一种新病害。2004～2006年对栽培穿山龙采用随机五点取样法,对野生穿山龙采取踏查法调查了该病害在辽东山区发生情况,并对病原菌进行形态观察、分离、鉴定,确定病原菌为Puccinia dioscoreae Kom.,属担子菌亚门冬孢菌纲柄锈菌属薯蓣柄锈菌。最后提出了农业综合防治措施和药剂防治措施。     

Susceptibility of several Japanese plum cultivars to pests and diseases in a newly established organic orchard

The susceptibility of 14 Japanese plum cultivars to an aphid pest and three fungal diseases was analysed during 2007 and 2008 in two experimental orchards, one in organic and the other in conventional management. There was a significantly higher incidence of green peach aphids [Myzus persicae (Sulzer)] for most of the cultivars in the organically managed treatment. ‘Fortune’, ‘Primetime’, ‘Larry Ann’ and ‘Sapphire’ were the cultivars most affected, and ‘Souvenir’ suffered the lowest attack in both treatments. Shot hole disease (Wilsonomyces carpophilus) affected both orchards at low levels, and only two cultivars, ‘Santa Rosa’ and ‘Larry Ann’, suffered a moderate attack. Powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca pannosa) incidence was significantly higher in the conventionally managed orchard and only the ‘Red Beaut’ cultivar was affected. Rust disease (Tranzschelia spp.) incidence was significantly higher in the organic treatment. The cultivars in which the rust disease appeared earliest and reached the highest levels were ‘Showtime’, ‘Santa Rosa’, ‘Friar’, and ‘Larry Ann’. An intense rust infestation in leaves provoked a premature defoliation in the organic plot, indicating that proper control of this disease is important to maintain tree vigour and yield.     

山楂叶悬钩子锈病冬孢子生物学特性研究

[目的]研究山楂叶悬钩子锈病冬孢子的生物学特性。[方法]采用玻片萌发法。[结果]多孢锈菌属灰色多孢锈菌冬孢子萌发温度为0～36℃,22.5℃为最适萌发温度;在清水中即可萌发且萌发率较高,对C、N源要求不高;pH值范围为4～12时均可萌发;光暗交替利于孢子萌发;孢子密度越小萌发率越高;36℃为冬孢子致死温度。[结论]为锈病病原菌的其他孢子形态和生物学特性的研究奠定一定基础。     

贵州顶坛花椒锈病的发生特点与防治试验

调查了贵州顶坛花椒锈病的发生特点,并进行了药剂防治试验,结果表明：在所选的药剂中,15％三唑酮可湿性粉剂防治效果较好,浓度为1000倍液时,两次的防效分别为48．9％和67．1％;浓度为1500倍液时,防效分别为46．3％和61．3％。     

STUDY ON SPECIES DIVERSITY OF RUST FUNGUS IN FIVE FOREST TYPES

INTRODUCTIoNSSPCCiesdiversityistheoneofthreekcysubjcctS(Theglobalweatherchange,speiesdiversltyandsustainedecologysystem)inccologicalandenvironmentalscienceinrecenttenyears.Williams(I943)firstputfonvardsPecicsdiversitywhenhestUdiedtherelationbctx`centhcabundanccandinsectspecicsofLcl,i`mptcra.In6()'s~7()'s-ccologicaIscicn-tistshadgotagreatofachicvementsonsPCcicsdlt'crslti'stud\.Sinccl98()-s.somcscientistsstartcdtostud}'sPCcicsdivcrsityinCl1ina.Thcy'havcgotsolnercsultsol1artl1roPOdcom…     

新疆柳树叶锈病栅锈菌的形态学特征及系统学分析

柳树是新疆林木主要树种之一,由栅锈菌属(Melampsora)引起的柳树叶锈病在新疆地区普遍发生,且病原菌种类多样。为探清新疆柳树锈病病原的种类组成、寄主范围及分布,在全疆各生境采集该病害,以夏孢子和冬孢子阶段形态学与系统发育学(ITS和LSU序列)相结合对其开展分类鉴定,并探讨寄主范围与分布地特征。结果表明：共鉴定出9种栅锈菌,其中米黄柳栅锈菌(M.salicis-michelsonii)、扁桃栅锈菌(M.amygdalinae)、云南柳栅锈菌(M.salicis-cavaleriei)、黄花柳栅锈菌(M.salicis-sinicae)、北极栅锈菌(M.arctica)、伊朗栅锈菌(M.iranica)、松柳栅锈菌(M.larici-epitea)、白柳栅锈菌(M.salicis-albae)、银柳栅锈菌(M.salicis-argyraceae)为已知种。寄主涉及柳属(Salix)14种,其中银柳(S.argyracea)、蓝叶柳(S.capusii)、伊犁柳(S.iliensis)、绿叶柳(S.metaglauca)、米黄柳(S.michelsonii)、锯齿柳(S.serrulatifolia)、准噶尔柳(S.songarica)和天山柳(S.tianschanica)为锈菌寄主新记录种。该研究可为新疆真菌多样性及林木病害诊断防治研究提供理论依据。