正交设计优化草地早熟禾SRAP-PCR反应体系及引物筛选

采用L9(34)正交试验设计方法,对草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)基因组DNA SRAP PCR反应体系中的Taq DNA聚合酶、Mg2+、引物及dNTP四因素的用量进行优化,并比较不同模板DNA用量对扩增的影响,建立草地早熟禾SRAP PCR最佳反应体系,同时,利用该体系对SRAP引物进行筛选。结果表明,草地早熟禾SRAP PCR最佳反应体系为Taq DNA聚合酶1.0 U、Mg2+ 1.75 mmol·L-1、引物0.25 μmol·L-1、dNTP 220 μmol·L-1、40 ng模板DNA、2 μL 10×PCR buffer,总体积20 μL。运用该体系从100对SRAP引物中筛选出43对引物能够产生清晰稳定的扩增条带且多态性丰富。优化体系的建立及引物的筛选可为今后利用SRAP标记技术对草地早熟禾进行遗传多样性分析、图谱构建、种质资源鉴定奠定技术基础。     

副溶血弧菌检测技术的研究进展

副溶血弧菌引发食物中毒的规模呈明显的上升趋势,目前已超过沙门氏菌食物中毒,跃居首位。因此需要从多方面加强检测,以防止该菌对食品造成的大面积污染,保证人的身体健康。为此本文全面介绍了副溶血弧菌的各种检测方法,包括:传统方法,免疫学方法,分子生物学技术,传感器技术等,为副溶血弧菌的检测提供理论依据。     

基于转录组测序的牧草分子标记开发研究进展

转录组测序是一种获得生物组织或细胞几乎所有转录本的高通量测序技术,测序所得的基因编码序列可用于研究植物在不同条件下的基因表达、调控方式及后续的功能基因发掘与遗传进化分析。随着分子标记技术的快速发展,转录组测序数据也可作为标记开发的重要来源,为牧草开展种质资源遗传多样性评价、遗传变异分析、居群结构研究和育种提供有效工具。本文综述了基于转录组测序的牧草分子标记如EST-SSR和SNP的开发及应用现状,以期为牧草分子标记开发提供重要参考。     

《动物分子生物学》教学改革研究探析

针对动物分子生物学课程教学中存在的问题,文章对教学改革进行了探究。从知识体系难度大、教学内容的优化、思维模式的改变和思维导图的教学辅助作用以及借助现代化教学平台,提高学习兴趣和效率、科研促进教学、建设试题库几个方面分析了教学改革举措。以期达到进一步提高动物分子生物学教学质量和学生综合能力的目的。     

基于NRC模型下不同程度热处理豆渣的营养价值与分子结构功能团特征的相关关系

本试验旨在研究基于NRC模型下不同程度热处理豆渣的营养价值与分子结构功能团特征的相关关系。利用烘箱对豆渣进行不同温度(100、115、130℃)下不同时间(2、4、6 h)的热处理,采用NRC(2001)模型预测不同程度热处理豆渣的代谢蛋白质产量、可消化养分含量和能值,同时利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)技术分析不同程度热处理豆渣的分子结构功能团特征,并分析它们之间的相关关系。结果表明:1)随着温度的升高以及加热时间的延长,豆渣的代谢蛋白质产量、可消化养分含量和能值呈现出降低的趋势。2)温度和时间对豆渣的分子结构功能团存在显著的互作效应(P<0.05)。3)酰胺Ⅰ带与结构性碳水化合物峰面积比值(AmideⅠ_STCHO)和酰胺Ⅰ带与总碳水化合物峰面积比值(AmideⅠ_CHO)可以共同作为预测因子估测瘤胃可降解蛋白质(R^2=0.35,P<0.05)、过瘤胃蛋白质(R^2=0.35,P<0.05)、小肠可吸收过瘤胃蛋白质(R^2=0.33,P<0.05)和瘤胃可降解蛋白质可合成菌体蛋白质(R^2=0.35,P<0.05)含量。综上所述,不同程度热处理豆渣的分子结构功能团与其代谢蛋白质产量、可消化养分含量和能值之间存在相关关系,初步证明可以利用分子结构功能团对热处理豆渣的营养价值进行快速分析和估测。     

Characteristic upregulation of glucose-regulated protein 78 in an early lesion negative for hitherto established cytochemical markers in rat hepatocarcinogenesis

Previously, we reported α(2)-macroglobulin (α(2)M) to be a novel marker characteristic of rat hepatocellular preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions negative for hitherto well-established markers. In the present study, we further examined other candidate markers with specificity for the same type of lesions. Glutathione S-transferase-placental form (GST-P)-negative hepatocellular altered foci (HAF) were generated using a two-stage (initiation and promotion) carcinogenesis protocol with N,N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and either Wy-14,643 or clofibrate, two peroxisome proliferators. Microarray analysis using total RNAs isolated from laser-microdissected GST-P-negative HAF (amphophilic cell foci) and adjacent normal tissues was conducted along with immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR. Staining for glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) was detected in GST-P-negative HAF and hepatocellular adenomas, and slightly increased GRP78 mRNA expression was observed in the lesions by real-time RT-PCR analysis. Thus, an early increase of GRP78 expression in hepatocarcinogenesis is likely a feature of the amphophilic subset of HAF.     

家蝇抗菌肽的研究进展马红霞

从家蝇抗菌肽的分类、结构特点、作用机理、诱变、活性检验以及分子生物学研究等方面介绍了家蝇抗菌肽的研究进展。家蝇抗菌肽独特的作用机理、成熟的诱导、分离纯化技术及其相关基因的克隆、表达等研究成果均为对家蝇抗菌肽进行更深入的研究奠定了基础。采用分子生物学技术有望筛选并制备大量的高效家蝇抗菌肽。     

线粒体DNA在鳞翅目昆虫系统学研究中的应用

线粒体DNA具有母性遗传与进化速率快等特点,已作为理想的分子标记广泛应用于昆虫的分类学、群体遗传学、系统发育和分子进化等研究。本文介绍了鳞翅目昆虫线粒体基因组的特征,对线粒体DNA应用于鳞翅目昆虫系统发生和分子进化等方面的研究进行了综述,并总结了线粒体基因或区段在鳞翅目昆虫不同分类阶元的适用性。     

Serotype distribution and production of muramidase-released protein, extracellular factor and suilysin by field strains of Streptococcus suis isolated in the United States

Streptococcus suis is an important swine pathogen and a zoonotic agent. Differences in virulence have been noted among the 33 described serotypes, serotype 2 being considered the most virulent. In this study, we aimed at assessing the serotype distribution and the production of virulence-associated markers by strains recovered from diseased pigs in the United States (U.S.). Results showed that among the 100 strains evaluated, serotype 3 (20% of the isolates) and serotype 2 (17%) were the most prevalent. We then investigated the presence in these isolates of the genes sly, epf and mrp, encoding the virulence-associated markers suilysin (SLY), extracellular factor (EF) and muramidase-released (MRP) protein, respectively. The effective production of the markers by the strains was also verified. Results showed that the presence of the gene did not always correlate with actual expression of the respective protein. In the case of MRP, this was due, in most cases, to frameshift mutations at the 5′ end of the gene resulting in premature stop codons. The most prevalent phenotypes among U.S. strains were MRP⁺EF⁻SLY⁻ (40%) and MRP⁻EF⁻SLY⁺ (35%). Serotype distribution greatly differed from that reported in several European countries, as did the production of virulence markers, particularly for serotype 2. On the other hand, our results for the U.S. S. suis isolates are similar to those reported for Canadian strains, suggesting a common status in North America.     

适用于乳酸菌分类鉴定的分子生物学技术

介绍了几种适用于乳酸茵分类鉴定的分子生物学方法及其原理、优缺点和研究现状.