水稻稻瘟病图像识别预处理方法研究

为了实现计算机对水稻稻瘟病病害的自动识别,研究了水稻稻瘟病病斑图像的预处理和形状特征提取方法。试验中利用灰度变换、直方图均衡化及中值滤波法有效去除了噪声和增强了图像,利用拉氏算子对病斑图像进行边缘检测,准确提取了病斑的形状特征,实现了稻瘟病图像目标分割。这些研究为进一步的特征参数提取及最终病害确定打下基础。     

Evaluating Modified Atmospheric Correction Methods for Landsat Imagery: Image‐Based and Model‐Based Calibration Methods

Abstract

To increase the accuracy of remotely sensed data for agricultural forecasting, pixel values must be corrected for atmospheric effects and converted to spectral reflectance. The objective of this research was to compare two atmospheric correction methods of Landsat imagery under a range of atmospheric conditions. Ground‐based dark‐object subtraction (GDOS) is an image‐based calibration method that used in situ ground data that the dark‐object subtraction (DOS) method did not use, whereas atmospheric calibration (AC) is a model‐based calibration method that required a standard atmospheric profile refined with the use of in situ atmospheric data. GDOS and AC methods improved the reflectance values and had relationships with measured bands, which were approximately 1 to 1 in all bands. However, the GDOS generally had lower root‐mean‐square errors (RMSE) than AC. Data from this study suggest that at the present time the GDOS method may be more accurate than the AC method.     

基于图像处理的蜜柑大小自动分级方法

文章介绍了采用图像处理技术进行蜜柑大小自动分级的方法,利用CCD摄像机获取蜜柑的样本图像,应用MATLAB软件实现对样本图像的背景去除、二值化、图像平滑、特征量提取和图像标定等处理,参照蜜柑分级的国家标准完成蜜柑自动分级。经试验验证表明,此方法分级精度高、速度快。     

基于改进YOLOV5s网络的奶牛多尺度行为识别方法

奶牛站立、喝水、行走、躺卧等日常行为与其生理健康密切相关,高效准确识别奶牛行为对及时掌握奶牛健康状况,提高养殖场经济效益具有重要意义。针对群体养殖环境下奶牛行为数据中,场景复杂、目标尺度变化大、奶牛行为多样等对行为识别造成的干扰,该研究提出一种改进YOLOV5s奶牛多尺度行为识别方法。该方法在骨干网络顶层引入基于通道的Transformer注意力机制使模型关注奶牛目标区域,同时对奶牛多尺度行为目标增加路径聚合结构的支路与检测器获取底层细节特征,并引入SE（Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks）注意力机制优化检测器,构建SEPH（SE Prediction Head）识别重要特征,提高奶牛多尺度行为识别能力。试验验证改进后的奶牛行为识别模型在无权重激增的同时,多尺度目标识别结果的平均精度均值较YOLOV5s提高1.2个百分点,尤其是对奶牛行走识别结果的平均精度4.9个百分点,研究结果为群体养殖环境下,全天实时监测奶牛行为提供参考。     

主养草鱼池塘三种混养模式鱼类生长和效益的比较

为进一步提高我国广大池塘养鱼的产品质量、经济效益和改善其生态环境。本试验在武汉新洲973项目实验基地9个陆基鱼池中进行了三种不同混养模式鱼类生长和效益的比较研究,每种模式设3个重复。模式Ⅰ中放养草鱼、鲢、鳙和高背鲫;模式Ⅱ中放养草鱼、鲢、鳙、匙吻鲟和高背鲫;模式Ⅲ中放养草鱼、鲢和高背鲫。 结果表明：通过122d的养殖试验,模式Ⅱ中草鱼的生长不仅显著高于模式Ⅰ和模式Ⅲ（P<0.05）,而且其经济效益模式Ⅱ同样高于模式Ⅰ和模式Ⅲ。     

基于迁移学习和金字塔卷积网络的河蟹个体图像识别方法研究

针对目前河蟹追溯成本高、消费者无法细粒度地追溯单体河蟹信息等问题,提出一种基于迁移学习和金字塔卷积的河蟹背甲图像个体识别算法。该算法使用金字塔卷积层替换普通残差卷积块构建网络模型,可以从蟹背图像中提取多尺度、深层次的特征信息。结果显示:采用金字塔卷积结构的Resnet34和Resnet50的准确率分别为98.38%、98.51%,与使用普通卷积层的模型相比,准确率提升5.49%、1.3%,而当模型深度达到101层时,模型性能不再明显提升。与使用金字塔卷积结构的全新学习模型相比,迁移学习方法的训练收敛迭代轮次从20轮降低至5轮,此时模型准确率为98.88%,较全新学习的准确率提升0.37%,同时弥补了样本量较少的问题。该研究为河蟹个体识别追溯提供了理论依据和技术支持。     

Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationships of Miticidal 4,5-Dihydropyrazole-5-thiones

A series of novel 4,5-dihydropyrazole-5-thiones (DHPs) was synthesised by treating the corresponding dihydropyrazolones with ‘Lawesson’s reagent and evaluated for miticidal activity against two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch). Of these, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazole-5-thione, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-ethyl-4-methyl-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazole-5-thione, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazole-5-thione-4-spirocyclopentane and 4,4-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazole-5-thione were highly active (pEC₅₀>4·0) and were more effective than the miticide dicofol (pEC₅₀=3·879), which has traditionally been used for the control of phytophagous mites. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies were performed on each position of the pyrazole ring of DHPs. The results indicated that the unsubstituted phenyl, 4-substituted phenyl and thioxo groups on the 1-, 3- and 5-positions of DHPs respectively were required for activity. Quantitative SAR studies using physicochemical parameters of substituents and the capacity factor k′ as a hydrophobicity index suggested that: (a) the activities of all types of DHPs examined were mainly dominated by hydrophobicity, (b) the bulkiness of 4-substituents of the 3-phenyl ring favoured the activity and (c) the log k′ optimum for all DHPs was 1·675, equivalent to a log P_ow value of c. 5·0.     

牛AR基因5′UTR SNP分析及与精液品质关系

采用PCR-SSCP方法对种公牛群体雄激素受体(AR)基因5′非翻译区(5′UTR)多态性进行检测。结果表明:AR基因5′UTR含有多态性位点;测序结果显示5′UTR的-1575处存在T→G碱基突变;用最小二乘方法对该基因型与生产性状相关分析显示遗传多态性与精子密度性状呈显著相关,AA型显著高于AB型(P=0.025),对其他性状的影响差异不显著。试验为研究种公牛体内AR基因的生物学作用奠定了基础,为肉用种公牛的早期选种选育提供了候选基因和分子标记。     

Desiring image for Women in Modern Chinese Writers＇ ＂South Pacific＂ Story

研究了现代作家有关“南洋”女性人物的作品,认为中国现代作家笔下涉及“南洋”故事的女性描写,多呈现出“男权主义”的叙境。其中包括“景色女”的被凝视、“商人妇”的被“闺范”以及“英雄妻”附属性的被欲望化叙事,所有这一切都显示了“菲勒斯中心主义”的欲像图式的胜利。