A target-site mutation is present in a glyphosate-resistant Lolium rigidum population

Annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) is the only weed species to have evolved resistance to the broad‐spectrum herbicide glyphosate in Australia. A population that had failed to be controlled by glyphosate was collected from a vineyard in the Adelaide Hills region of South Australia. Dose–response experiments on this population (SLR 77) showed that it was glyphosate resistant, with an LD₅₀ that was 1.9–3.4 times higher than that of a susceptible population (VLR 1). The movement of radiolabelled glyphosate within SLR 77 plants showed that this population did not have the differential glyphosate translocation mechanism of resistance common to several other Australian glyphosate‐resistant populations. Subsequent analysis of shikimic acid accumulation within the plant after glyphosate treatment showed that this population accumulated significantly less shikimic acid than a susceptible population, but more than a glyphosate‐resistant population with the translocation mechanism, indicating the possible involvement of another mechanism of resistance. Sequencing of a portion of the SLR 77 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase gene was carried out and a mutation causing an amino acid change at position 106 from proline to threonine was identified. This mutation is likely to be responsible for glyphosate resistance in this population, as mutations in this position have been found to be responsible for glyphosate resistance in goosegrass (Eleusine indica) from Malaysia. This paper represents the first report of target‐site glyphosate resistance in L. rigidum and provides evidence that this species has at least two mechanisms of glyphosate resistance present in Australia.     

Study on Synergistic Effect of VA5 Immunopotentiator on Pigeon NDV Inactivated Vaccine

This study was designed to evaluate the synergistic effect of VA5 immunopotentiator on pigeon ND4416 inactivated vaccine.160 healthy pigeons were randomly divided into four groups,including ND4416 strain inactivated vaccine group (NDV group),ND4416 strain inactivated vaccine and immunopotentiator (VA5) mixed group (NDV+VA5 group),La Sota inactivated vaccine group (La Sota group) and normal saline as the control group (C group),to assess their vaccine efficacy against virulent pigeon NDV by serological analysis and animal testing.Pigeons sera were collected at different time points after immunization and measured the HI antibody titer of each group.The results showed that VA5 immunopotentiator significantly improved the serum antibody level of pigeons immunized with pigeon Newcastle disease inactivated vaccine (P<0.05).In addition,comparative test of spleen lymphocyte transformation was conducted at various time points after immunization.The results indicated that VA5 effectively stimulated the lymphocyte transformation of immune pigeon.Pigeons in each groups were challenged with ND4416 strain at the 30th,90th and 180th d after immunization.The results presented that the NDV+VA5 group had 100% protection rate and higher than La Sota group.The duration of immunization test showed that the antibody titer of NDV+VA5 group reached peak 11.20log₂ at the 21st d,remained 7.50log₂ at 180th d,and the protection rate remained 100% at 180th d.It indicated that VA5 immunopotentiator sustained the immune duration of pigeon NDV vaccine up to 180 d.Moreover,the in vitro detoxification test results suggested that VA5 immunopotentiator reduced the in vitro detoxification cycle of pigeons after challenge.Overall,this study suggested VA5 immunopotentiator could significantly improve the immune efficacy of pigeon Newcastle disease inactivated vaccine,which provided a basis for further enhancing the efficacy of Newcastle disease vaccine,as well increased experimental data for the application of immunopotentiators.     

表达禽流感病毒H5HA、H7HA基因DNA疫苗的免疫原性研究

为研究双顺反子DNA疫苗对禽流感病毒（AIV）的保护作用，将H5和H7亚型AIV的HA基因克隆到同一表达栽体上，构建了双顺反子HA基因表达质粒pCI—H5HA—H7HA。以此质粒肌注免疫4周龄SPF鸡，首次免疫后3周加强免疫，同时设pCI—H5HA和pCI—H7HA联合免疫组及空白对照组，每周采血用微量血凝抑制法检测HI抗体。加强免疫后3周分别以100LD50的高致病力禽流感病毒（HPAIV）A／Goose／Guangdong／1／96（H5N1）和A／FPv／Rostock／34〈（H7N1）进行致死性攻击。结果显示各免疫组均可刺激鸡体产生H5、H7特异性抗体，pCI—H5HA—H7HA诱导产生的抗体对H5N1和H7N1的攻毒保护分别为50%和10％，而pCI—H5HA和pCI—H7HA联合免疫的攻毒保护均为70％。表明双顺反子质粒可诱导鸡产生较好或一定的保护，但免疫效果不够理想，推测与DNA的摄取及其体内表达有关，可望通过调整DNA疫苗的多种因素提高免疫效果。     

H5N2与H5N1禽流感油乳灭活疫苗免疫鹅群对H5N1流行株攻毒的保护效力及母源抗体对免疫效力的干扰

应用H5N2和H5N12种类型禽流感油乳灭活疫苗分别免疫鹅群,观察比较了二者对H5N1型高致病性禽流感病毒的攻毒保护效力。结果表明,在同等剂量免疫条件下,从发病率、死亡率和泄殖腔排毒规律3项指标综合评价来看,H5N1灭活苗水禽免疫组对高致病性禽流感H5N1流行株攻毒的保护效率较H5N2灭活苗理想,且水禽禽流感母源抗体对灭活苗免疫具有一定的干扰作用。     

茄子新品种新茄5号的选育

新茄5号为中晚熟茄子一代杂种,其母本19号茄是由五叶茄经多年自交选育出的稳定自交系,父本18号茄是由灯笼红茄经多代自交选育出的稳定自交系。植株生长势强,第1花出现在第6~7节,果实近圆形,果脐小,深紫红色,有光泽,平均单果质量600 g,商品性好。抗黄萎病能力优于灯笼红茄和五叶茄,一般每667 m2产量6 000 kg左右,适于新疆地区早春露地覆膜栽培,也适于早莴苣、甘蓝、花椰菜收获后秋延后栽培。     

禽流感病毒H5亚型主要保护性抗原在禽痘病毒中的高效表达

将H5亚型禽流感病毒血凝素HA基因克隆入插入载体pllS中获得重组转移质粒p11SH5A,通过酶切鉴定获得了预期的转移质粒p11SHSA,将质粒p11SHSA和野生禽痘病毒(wtFPV)共转染鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF),通过蓝白斑筛选纯化得到重组病毒rFPV-11SH5A.以间接免疫荧光法证实,HA基因得到了表达.将该重组病毒rFPV-11SH5A以10(5)PFU/只免疫7日龄SPF鸡,于7、10、14、18、21d分别采血分离血清检测HI抗体,于免疫21d后用10(5)ELD50的野生病毒进行肌肉注射观察疫苗保护率.结果表明,该疫苗能提供100%的保护.     

猪IL-2真核表达质粒构建及对PRRSV-ORF5基因疫苗免疫佐剂作用的研究

本研究应用真核表达载体pcDNA3.1（＋）和猪白细胞介素2（IL-2）基因成功构建了IL-2的真核表达质粒（pcDNA-IL-2）,探讨了pcDNA-IL-2作为分子免疫佐剂对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）ORF5基因疫苗（pcDNA-PRRSV-SC2-ORF5）免疫猪的增强作用。经间接ELISA法、MTT比色法及流式细胞仪分别对pcDNA-IL-2与pcDNA-PRRSV-SC2-ORF5共同免疫猪、pcDNA-PRRSV-SC2-ORF5单独免疫猪、pcDNA3.1（＋）空载体和灭菌水免疫对照猪的血清抗PRRSV抗体IgG、外周血T淋巴细胞的增殖活性、CD4^＋和CD8^＋细胞比例进行检测,结果表明pcDNA-IL-2与pcDNA-PRRSV-SC2-ORF5共同免疫猪的IgG含量、外周血T淋巴细胞的增殖活性、CD4^＋和CD8^＋细胞比例与pcDNA-PRRSV-SC2-ORF5单独免疫猪相比有显著差异（P〈0.05）。说明pcDNA-IL-2能显著增强pcDNA-PRRSV-SC2-ORF5基因疫苗免疫猪的体液和细胞免疫应答,可作为PRRSV基因疫苗的良好佐剂。     

AMOS PCR在布鲁氏菌种型鉴定中应用的研究

AMOSPCR是近年来在布鲁氏菌上尝试使用的一种布鲁氏菌检测方法,可作为布鲁氏菌诊断及菌种类型鉴定的PCR方法,可区分牛种布鲁氏菌1、2、4型,羊种布鲁氏菌、猪种布鲁氏菌、绵羊附睾种布鲁氏菌。本试验用来自国内的疫苗S2,M5及国际上常用的布鲁氏菌疫苗S19,104M试验AMOSPCR的效果,同时对AMOSPCR扩增条带进行测序。结果表明,除国内布鲁氏菌S19检测结果与国外菌株不同外,其余的几种疫苗株都得到典型的特征性条带。同时测序结果也表明各种属条带无交叉反应,为今后国内诊断布鲁氏菌病诊断方法研究指出一个方向。     

H5N1亚型禽流感灭活疫苗免疫鸵鸟后抗体消长规律及免疫程序的研究

为了探讨鸵鸟对H5亚型禽流感灭活疫苗的免疫原性,做好鸵鸟禽流感的防控工作,采用哈尔滨兽医研究所研制的重组H5N1亚型禽流感疫苗,不同剂量免疫鸵鸟,用HI方法检测母源抗体和免疫抗体,根据母源抗体的衰减和免疫抗体的消长规律确定首免和再免日龄.结果表明,雏鸵鸟母源抗体能维持约3周～8周;8周龄时分组首免,C1组产生的免疫反应优于C2组,抗体峰值能达到7.50 log2,维持时间为9周左右;17周龄时C1组以3.0 mL/羽进行二免,2周后抗体达到7.40log2,3周～7周抗体维持在高峰值,最高达8.80log2,以后逐渐下降,有效抗体水平能维持至接种后25周左右.二免后25周进行三免,以5 mL/羽三免后2周抗体可达到9.80log2,2周～4周抗体维持在最高峰,以后缓慢下降,期间抗体时有起伏,但有效抗体水平约可维持1年时间.三免后45周内抗体水平合格率均在70%以上.根据抗体消长规律,初步推荐了鸵鸟的免疫程序.     

The levels of 2′, 5′ oligoadenylate synthetase,interleukin 2 and interleukin 12 in hepatitis B virus infection

AIM: In order to study the effect of endogenous interferon system and Th1 response modes on hepatitis B virus infection, the 2′, 5′ oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5OAS), IL-2 and IL-12 were selected as the research parameters. METHODS: The activity of 2-5OAS in peripheral blood mononeuclear cells was determined by sensitive radioenzymatic assay. IL-2 and IL-12 were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: Compared to normal control, the 2-5OAS, IL-2 or IL-12 were not significantly changed (P>0.05) in the asymptomatic HBsAg carricer group. The 2-5OAS, IL-2 and IL-12 were significantly up-regulated (P<0.01) in the group of acute hepatitis, but in the groups of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, the 2-5OAS, IL-2, IL-12 were significantly down-regulated (P<0.05). Moreover, with the progression of patient′s conditions and with the complications of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, the 2-5OAS, IL-2 and IL-12 decreased progressively, the 2-5OAS, IL-2, IL-12 were the lowest in guoups of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (vs each groups of chronic hepatitis, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The endogenous interferon system and Th1 response are significantly alterable in the different period of hepatitis B virus infection and among the different clinical types. The cellular immunity plays an important role in recovery from HBV infection.