Artificial inoculation and susceptibility of Pinus armandii to Dothistroma septosporum

Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) is a serious needle disease of conifers that primarily affects pine species (Pinus spp.). Dothistroma septosporum is one of the DNB pathogens that has a diverse range of host species excluding Pinus armandii. In 15 inoculated P. armandii seedlings, D. septosporum acervuli were observed in 43 infected needles of ten seedlings with a mean disease severity of 1.11% at 25 weeks after inoculations, demonstrating the potential of D. septosporum to cause symptoms on the needles of P. armandii via artificial inoculation. The disease severity of P. armandii was similar to the positive control, Pinus nigra (median 0.75 for P. armandii to 0.70 for P. nigra), thus, P. armandii acts under artificial conditions as a susceptible host species.     

枸橼种质对柑橘溃疡病的抗性鉴定

柑橘溃疡病(Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri,Xcc)是严重阻碍柑橘产业发展的世界性检疫病害,防控困难,选育抗病品种为防治溃疡病的唯一有效办法。枸橼C-05是柑橘属独特的抗溃疡病种质,为抗性机理和抗病育种提供了种质基础。为了进一步评价枸橼C-05的抗性,另外收集了13份枸橼种质,对其进行溃疡病的离体和活体抗性评价。叶片形态学观察表明,14份枸橼种质存在较大的形态学差异。采用离体与活体注射接种不同浓度的柑橘溃疡病菌,根据叶片的感病症状、病斑周围黄色晕圈大小等典型溃疡病症状,综合评价枸橼类种质的抗病性。结果表明:枸橼种质之间对溃疡病的抗性存在极大差异,溃疡病的抗性评价综合病情指数显示枸橼C-05、园香橼、矮果香橼、美国枸橼、普通枸橼和印度大果综合病情指数较小,表现为极抗病或抗病,其他枸橼种质表现不同程度的感病性;枸橼种质的抗病或感病性与其叶片形态特征无关。枸橼C-05和5个抗病枸橼种质对柑橘溃疡病具有针对性的抗性,这对进一步研究抗病机理和抗病育种具有重要意义。     

陆地棉×亚洲棉胚胎在培养条件下的发育研究

离体培养陆地棉与亚洲棉杂种胚珠,并以陆地棉自交为对照。观察结果表明,杂种胚胎表现出明显的生长优势,能顺利地通过胚胎发育的各个时期而达成熟胚。其原因是,胚乳游离核迅速解体,珠心组织也随之解体,而不形成胚乳细胞并使胚囊腔迅速扩展,使杂种胚有足够的营养源,并提供了足够的生长空间。自交胚胎的生育速度远不及杂种胚,发育受抑,尤其是球形胚到心形胚的时期较长。     

农杆菌侵染小麦的优化方案

本实验选用优质高产小麦品种洛阳8716和绵阳19幼胚愈伤作为受体材料,以pCAMBIA3301为载体,GV3101,EHA105,LBA4404农杆菌为供体材料进行侵染过程的优化研究.采用3种菌株,4个浓度梯度:OD600=0.2,0.5,0.7,1.0;3个时间参数:10 min,30 min,60 min;一共36个处理,每个处理4个重复.结果显示,农杆菌GV3101和EHA105,OD600 1.0×10 min和OD600 0.5×30 min两个侵染处理结果比较好,瞬时表达率达到50%-70%.以小麦幼胚愈伤组织为受体,预培养3～5 d,在24±1℃下,共培养3～4 d和350 mg/L羧苄青霉素除菌及5 mg/L PPT筛选处理后,转化效果较好,平均转化率为0.45%.     

禽腺病毒血清4型感染鸡组织中NLRP3基因转录水平的实时荧光定量PCR分析

旨在分析禽腺病毒血清4型(FAdV-4)感染鸡组织中NLRP3基因的转录水平,本研究设计鸡NLRP3特异性引物,利用RT-PCR扩增NLRP3基因180 bp片段并克隆至pMD-18T载体,制备重组质粒pMD-18T-NL-RP3.以pMD-18T-NLRP3质粒作为标准品进行荧光定量PCR并建立标准曲线.通过反应条件...     

Mineralization of Organic Nitrogen in Soils with Contrasting Fertility Was Regulated Differently by Addition of Biochar and Animal Manures

ABSTRACT

How to restore the soil fertility and productivity in a damaged and then reclaimed area with extremely low fertility is a big concern worldwide. To explore the method of soil restoration in the coal mining subsidence area, the effects of biochar application coupled with organic fertilizer (animal manures) on the process of organic nitrogen (N) mineralization were studied in a 149 days leaching experiment. Biochar were applied (wt/wt) at the rates of 0%, 1%, and 3%. Two organic fertilizers with different C/N ratio (chicken and sheep manures) were applied at the rate of 200 mg N·kg^?1 soil. A vegetable soil with high-fertility was used as the comparison. The results showed that when treated with chicken manure, the reclaimed soil had 11.13% lower mineralization potential and 20.00% lower inorganic nitrogen production from mineralization than the vegetable soil. Compared with the non-biochar treatment, biochar at both application rates decreased N leaching in chicken manure-treated reclaimed soil, i.e., by 21.49% (1% biochar) and 28.31% (3% biochar), respectively, whereas only high rate of biochar application decreased N leaching in chicken manure-treated vegetable soil by 8.10%. However, N leaching in sheep manure-treated reclaimed soil was unaffected by the biochar application. Thus, the effect of the biochar on the organic nitrogen mineralization was affected by both soil and organic fertilizer type.     

利用shRNA真核表达载体干涉雌性鸡胚性腺中芳香化酶基因(CYP19A1)的表达

本研究通过把构建的短发夹结构RNA(shRNA)真核表达载体导入鸡胚,检测鸡胚性腺分化期质粒载体在鸡胚体内代谢情况及雌性鸡胚性腺中芳香化酶基因(CYP19A1)mRNA表达效率,进而探讨利用该方法在鸡胚体内进行特定基因干涉的可行性.实验针对CYP19A1基因构建了4条特异性表达载体,一条非特异性表达载体.每个实验组选取45个新鲜种蛋作为实验材料进行胚盘下腔注射,并设立空白对照组.鸡胚发育12d时,检测各处理组鸡胚肝脏组织中质粒存在情况,并取其左侧性腺组织进行目标基因的荧光定量分析.研究结果表明,导入组在12日胚龄时所有鸡胚基因组中均可检测到绿色荧光蛋白基因(EGFP);荧光定量结果显示,导入特异性表达载体cyp-580、cyp-1083和cyp-1295后,对应雌性鸡胚性腺CYP19A1 mRNA表达效率显著低于空白对照组,干涉效率分别为:73％、52％和85％;特异性表达载体cyp-1403组CYP19A1mRNA表达效率与空白对照组相比有所降低但无显著性差异.本实验为诱导鸡胚性反转提供了新方法并建立了鸡胚发育期特定基因体内干涉新平台.     

施用鸡粪土壤中磷的径流损失特征研究

研究了施用鸡粪土壤中磷养分在自然降雨过程中随地表径流流失的变化规律.结果表明:颗粒附着态磷(PP)占总磷(TP)的61.1%～79.5%,是土壤中磷索在自然降雨过程中随地表径流流失的主要形态.基于作物需磷量计算鸡粪用置较基于作物需氮量能有效降低地表径流中不同形态磷浓度,其中TP降幅为8.0%～46.3%.PP降幅为6.0%～48.2%.TDP降幅为15.1%～46.0%,DIP降幅为29.4%～55.5%.表明基于作物需磷量计算鸡粪施用量能有效降低土壤中磷索在自然降雨过程中随地表径流的流失风险.添加沸石或铁盐可有效降低地表径流中TP和PP浓度,从而有效降低磷随地表径流损失的风险.     

包装形式对辐照调理鸡肉理化特性的影响

为探明不同包装协同抗氧化剂对辐照调理鸡肉理化指标的影响,对添加抗氧化剂的辐照调理鸡肉分别采取普通包装、真空包装及气调包装后经5kGy辐照处理,4℃下贮藏,分别在辐照的第0、3、7、10、14、18和21天对鸡肉pH值、TBA值、TVB-N值及色度a*值进行测定.结果表明:添加抗氧化剂结合气调包装的调理鸡肉在贮藏期间pH...