大田无人农场关键技术研究现状与展望

无人农场是智慧农业的一种表现形式,也是建设农业强国和实现农业现代化的重要探索。无人农场以数据、知识和智能装备为核心要素,将现代信息技术与农业深度融合,实现农业全过程生产所需的信息感知、定量决策、智能控制、精准投入及个性化服务一体化。本文系统地阐述了大田无人农场的概念与总体技术架构,讨论了信息感知与智能决策、精准作业系统与装备、自动驾驶、无人化农机装备以及无人农场管控平台等五项大田无人农场的关键技术与装备,深入分析了发展中国大田无人农场亟待解决的关键科学与技术问题。以吉林省公主岭市玉米无人农场为例介绍了物联网、大数据、云计算以及人工智能等技术在玉米全程无人化生产中的具体应用及效果。最后,展望了无人农场在解决全球农业生产面临的“无人种田”等共性问题中发挥的重要作用,分析了中国发展无人农场存在的机遇和挑战,提出了中国发展无人农场的战略目标与思路。     

Integrated Support-guarantee System for Tobacco Industrial CIMS

By analyzing the main issues in tobacco industrial information system constructing in the past time, it is determined that CIMS technique used for implementing tobacco industrial integrated management. An integrated support-guarantee system based on tobacco industrial CIMS integration pattern is presented for tobacco industrial CIMS, which consists of industrial integration support system for data integrating, application services integrating and business processes integrating of industrial CIMS, and industrial integration guarantee system for supporting system running safely in high efficiency by providing guaranteed mechanism of standardization system and security system. In the practical application, the content of CIMS is extended from traditional manufacturing factory to total tobacco industry, And industrial integration dada center is the support-guarantee system which offers three functions of standardization management system, information security management system, and industrial integration support system, provide the service for tobacco industrial integrated management.     

基于云平台和虚拟仿真软件的农机部件智能制造系统

为了提高农机零部件设计制造的智能化水平,基于云平台和虚拟仿真软件,将智能制造系统引入到农机部件的设计和生产过程中,利用云平台的虚拟共享存储资源和协同并行计算方式,极大地提高了部件生产过程虚拟仿真的能力和水平,为智能化制造提供了必要的条件.为了验证方法的可行性,采用云平台技术对农机部件的智能制造过程进行虚拟仿真,结果表明...     

北京种业科技成果托管平台的设计与构建

采用Apache Tomcat运行环境和MySql 5.0数据库技术进行开发,搭建开放融合的北京种业科技成果托管平台。平台能实现种业科技成果自动建库、统一管理和统一检索的功能,将分散在各个单位及部门的种业科技成果集中管理,实现种业科技成果网络共享。笔者主要阐述了系统平台框架结构、功能设计、自动建库系统结构的设计方法和原理,初步建成了北京种业科技成果托管平台。     

生物质热解焦油燃烧试验系统设计与试验

生物质热解焦油作为热解炭化或气化过程的副产物,难以去除且危害较大。通过对热解焦油的理化性质分析,发现其具有较高的热值,燃烧后可以为热解设备提供热源,实现能量的循环利用。针对热解焦油雾化效果差、直接燃烧不稳定等问题,设计了二次雾化喷嘴,并提出一种生物质热解焦油伴气燃烧的工艺;采用一定量的热解气作为助燃剂,为热解焦油燃烧提供稳定的火焰,设计了热解焦油燃烧试验系统。燃烧试验表明,该燃烧器的焦油燃烧量为20~55kg/h,达到设计要求。当雾化空气压力为0.6MPa、热解焦油压力为0.2~0.4MPa、热解气压力为0.3~0.5kPa时,燃烧器燃烧稳定,火焰明亮。通过烟气分析仪发现燃烧烟气中CO和NOx含量较高,表明在燃烧室中的一次燃烧并未达到理想的燃烧效果。     

基于网络教学平台《VisuaI Basic程序设计》课程混合学习模式探讨

随着信息化逐步深入到高等教育中,基于网络教学平台的混合式教学为高校教学改革提供了新的思路和方法。文章结合Visual Basic程序设计课程的特点,介绍了如何对混合式教学进行设计和评价,并为课程的教学提供一定的借鉴。     

动植检查验基础保障平台的开发与应用

随着国际贸易往来和人员交流快速增长,国门生物安全形势日趋严峻,这对我国口岸动植检规范化建设提出了更高要求。为更有效地推动口岸动植检规范化建设,亟需掌握全系统口岸动植检技术设施、专业队伍、人员素质等要素建设现状和需求。本文基于应用信息化手段提升工作效率、全盘掌握建设现状、即时统计数据分析、为科学决策提供依据等理念,设计研发了"动植检查验基础保障平台"系统。推广应用该系统将显著提升全国口岸动植检规范化建设管理的系统性和科学性。     

辽宁省气象灾害预警短信发布平台的设计与应用

为适应农村气象防灾减灾的新形势和新要求,建设一套集约化、易管理、节省资源、稳定性强的分布式气象灾害预警信息短信发布平台。其依托辽宁省气象局广域网,以SQL Server 2000为后台数据库支撑,实现辽宁省、市、县3级气象部门均能将气象灾害预警信息、决策气象信息服务中的实时信息(降水量资料、实况资料等)通过统一的绿色短信渠道灵活、直接、及时提供给当地政府和相关部门。     

Precision of soil moisture sensor irrigation controllers under field conditions

New soil moisture sensor systems (SMSs) for irrigation control have been commercialized in recent years. However, limited research has been carried out to evaluate their precision to measure the volumetric soil water content (θ). The objectives of this research were to: (a) determine the relationship between θ and the θ sensed by four commercially available SMSs, (b) quantify the proportion of scheduled irrigation cycles (SICs) that the SMSs bypassed, and (c) determine the θ at which SICs were allowed or bypassed. Sensors from brands Acclima, Rain Bird, Irrometer, and Water Watcher were buried at 7-10 cm depth, on plots with common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]. A calibrated ECH₂O probe was also installed in every plot, at the same depth, to monitor θ continuously. When comparing the ECH₂O readings with θ sensed by the SMSs, significant correlations were found for the three Acclima RS500 (AC) systems tested, and for two of the three systems of Irrometer Watermark 200SS/WEM (IM) and Rain Bird MS-100 (RB). Most of the SMS-based treatments bypassed the majority of the SICs during rainy periods, and allowed irrigation during the dry periods. On average, 71% of the SICs were bypassed by the SMS treatments, without detriment to the turfgrass quality. However, most of the SMSs were not found to be precision instruments, because sometimes they bypassed SICs and sometimes they did not, even when reading the same or a lower θ. Considering the average θ range of over which the different SMS treatments always allowed or always bypassed irrigation, brand AC resulted in the significantly narrowest range (1.4%) followed by RB (3.2%), suggesting that they were more consistent and precise in measuring θ than Water Watcher DPS-100 (WW) and IM (7.4 and 7.8%, respectively). These results are consistent with the reported water savings achieved by these SMSs in related studies.     

基于最优空间的猕猴桃双臂并行采摘平台设计与试验

为使多关节双臂并行采摘空间与猕猴桃棚架空间相适应,以保证双臂间采摘区域连续无漏果且采摘面积最大化,采用理论与试验相结合的方法对双臂并行采摘平台进行设计。首先,结合机械手工作空间和棚架空间等效模型,分析确定了双臂空间布局方案;然后,通过对双臂并行采摘效率进行理论分析确定优化设计变量,以采摘面积最大和公共区域占比最小为指标建立目标优化函数,利用粒子群算法求解得最优双臂相对安装位置870mm、最优双臂安装高度1020mm和移动平台最大间歇式前进步距450mm;在此基础上,建立了双臂开链运动模型及其位置层约束关系;最后,为验证采摘空间适应性及整机作业性能,搭建双臂并行采摘平台样机并进行了果实定位误差试验和双臂并行采摘试验。结果表明：果实平均水平和深度定位误差分别为5.0mm和8.3mm,基本满足猕猴桃采摘要求,平均果实位置遍历成功率为92.09%,双臂能够遍历除奇异点外所要求的目标果实点,平均果实采摘成功率为82.10%,平均单果采摘时间为5.86s,通过位姿调整双臂在共享空间可以改善运动冲突问题,验证了猕猴桃双臂并行采摘平台的作业可行性。