不同纤维来源饲粮和细胞壁降解酶对猪肠道微生物菌群多样性的影响

本试验旨在利用末端限制性片段长度多态性技术研究不同纤维来源饲粮和细胞壁降解酶对猪肠道微生物菌群多样性及其组成结构的影响。试验选用8头平均体重为(35.0±2.5)kg的"杜×长×大"三元杂交生长猪,统一安装回肠末端T型瘘管,随机分为4组,每组2个重复。试验分4期,每期每组猪按4×4拉丁方设计饲喂小麦麸、小麦麸加酶、大豆皮和大豆皮加酶4种试验饲粮之一。每期预试期15 d,正试期6 d。试验结果表明:1)大豆皮饲粮组猪回肠食糜微生物的多样性显著高于小麦麸饲粮组(P0.05)。2)小麦麸饲粮组显著提高猪回肠食糜中普氏菌属(Prevotella)和乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus)的丰度(P0.05),而大豆皮饲粮组则显著提高猪回肠食糜中瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)及粪便中拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)、毛螺菌属(Lachnospira)的丰度(P0.05)。3)添加细胞壁降解酶显著提高各饲粮组猪回肠食糜中Lachnospira、真细菌属(Eubacterium)及粪便中Lachnospira的丰度(P0.05),但也同时降低了回肠食糜中Lactobacillus、Prevotella及粪便中Lactobacillus、Bacteroides和克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)的丰度(P0.05)。综上所述,纤维饲粮可显著提高猪肠道内非淀粉多糖降解菌的丰度,而细胞壁降解酶则可选择性改变肠道微生物菌群的多样性及其组成。     

Preparation of Rice Seedling-raising Substrate with Spent Mushroom Substrate of Pleurotus eryngii

This study aimed to explore the effect of fermented spent mushroom substrate(SMS) of Pleurotus eryngii as a basic material on rice seedling-raising substrate. The physical and chemical indices of the SMS indicated that the fermented SMS was fully composted and was very suitable for preparing rice seedling-raising substrate. The fermented SMS effectively regulated the bulk density, total porosity, aeration porosity and water-holding porosity of rice seedling-raising substrate. With the increased addition amount of fermented SMS, the bulk density of rice seedling-raising substrate was decreased, but the total porosity, aeration porosity and water-holding porosity were increased. Compared with those in the substrates of 100% soil and 100% SMS,the height, chlorophyll content, 100-shoot dry weight, 100-root dry weight, root activity, nitrogen content, phosphorus content and potassium content of rice seedlings in the substrate composed of spent mushroom substrate of P. eryngii and soil were higher.The quality of rice seedlings in the substrate composed of 20% soil and 80% SMS was best, followed by that in the substrate composed of 30% soil and 70% SMS.     

基于ARM和Android的通用化农田信息检测终端研究

为了提高复杂、多样的农田信息检测效果,运用通用化设计概念和高性能硬、软件技术方案,设计了一种便携式、可配置的农田信息检测终端。采用主流的ARM Cortex-A8嵌入式处理器与Android操作系统相结合的一体化架构,集成AD、232、485、USB传感器接口,按键、触摸屏、液晶屏人机交互模块,SD卡、USB、3G、Wi Fi、Bluetooth数据交换模块,北斗/GPS双模定位模块以及电源/电量计模块,定制、移植核心驱动程序和HAL库层、JNI接口层。测试及应用试验表明,检测终端可选择配接或同时配接模拟/数字式、电流/电压型以及视频/图像摄像头等多种类型传感器,实现对土壤及大气参数、作物图像和地理信息的采集,并具有多种模式的数据展示和交换功能;模拟信号检测误差小于0.669 5%,3G无线通信下载速率达1 248 Kb/s,整机最大功耗小于3.6 W,检测终端外观尺寸152 mm×83 mm×34 mm,整机质量仅330 g。该检测终端易于配置或二次开发,使用方便,满足农田信息的全面、高效和精准检测需求。     

Cost analysis of a satellite terminal for forest fuel supply in Finland

As forest fuel demand increases, new logistical solutions are needed. Most of the increase in use is expected to take place in large heat and power production units which set special requirements for the supply as both procurement volumes and transport distances increase. Biomass fuel terminals broaden the spectrum of available supply options by offering cost-effective large-scale biomass storage and processing options for securing the fuel supply in all conditions. This study aimed to study different costs of a satellite terminal and to produce important concept and cost information for developing forest fuel logistics based on future terminals. The figures indicate that terminals do not create direct cost benefits per se: direct supply chains are more economical compared to supply through terminals. However, there are several indirect benefits that can be reached via fuel supply through terminals: regional fuel procurement can be widened to a national scale, security of supply increases through easily available storages, large supply volumes can be delivered by an individual operator, prices remain more stable and a more even quality of delivered fuel can be achieved.     

Establishment of a new cell line susceptible to Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV‐3) and possible latency of CyHV‐3 by temperature shift in the cells

A new cell line named CCF‐K104 predominantly consisting of fibroblastic cells showed optimal growth at temperatures from 25 °C to 30 °C. Serial morphological changes in the cells induced by Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV‐3) included cytoplasmic vacuolar formation, cell rounding and detachment. Mature virions were purified from CyHV‐3‐infected CCF‐K104 cells by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation and had a typical herpesvirus structure on electron microscopy. Infectious CyHV‐3 was produced stably in CCF‐K104 cells over 30 viral passages. Our findings showed that CCF‐K104 is a useful cell line for isolation and productive replication of CyHV‐3. A temperature shift from 25 °C to 15 °C or 35 °C did not allow serial morphological changes as observed at 25 °C for 14 days. Under the same conditions, real‐time PCR showed that CyHV‐3 was present with low viral DNA loads, suggesting that CyHV‐3 may establish latent infection in CCF‐K104 cells. Amplification of the left and right terminal repeat sequences of the CyHV‐3 genome arranged in a head‐to‐tail manner was detected by nested PCR following an upshift in temperature from 25 °C to 35 °C. The PCR results suggested that the circular genome may represent a latent form of CyHV‐3.     

基于摆线运动的黄瓜采摘机器人终端滑模轨迹跟踪控制

黄瓜采摘机器人是机器人技术在农业中的具体应用,而快速稳定地到达目标采摘点的轨迹规划则是黄瓜采摘机器人研究的主要内容之一。根据摆线运动曲线光滑,并能在有限区间的端点产生零速度和零加速度的特点,将其应用于黄瓜采摘机器人关节空间的轨迹规划,该方法计算简单,实时性好。同时,为了实现对期望轨迹的精确跟踪,构造了一种快速非奇异的终端滑模控制器,采用指数和幂次结合的趋近率方法,引入非线性滑模面,突破了普通滑模控制器在线性滑模条件下渐进收敛的特点,并且不会出现传统终端滑模控制的奇异性和抖振问题。李亚普诺夫稳定性分析和仿真试验证明：它能够准确的跟踪期望轨迹,并能使位置跟踪误差在有限时间内收敛到零,响应时间短,跟踪效果好。     

集装箱码头分派车辆的整数规划模型

建立了一个用于确定集装箱码头一组车辆工作次序的整数规划模型,其中这组车辆是用于把从货仓起重机卸下的集装箱运输到码头的存贮位置。证明了求解这一整数规划模型等价于求解n个车辆安排线路问题的几条路径,并设计了前向搜索算法(FSA)和后向搜索算法(BSA)两种启发式算法,用于确定集装箱码头大型货轮卸货车辆的可行分派方案。     

基于短信模式的村镇集贸市场农产品交易平台研究

研究了基于手机短信模式的村镇集贸市场农产品交易平台系统架构设计和系统业务,并提出了短信模式的技术实现模型,最后总结了该平台系统所实现的功能。     

Hort16A猕猴桃顶芽培养

以Hort16A猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis Planch.)顶芽为外植体,研究了不同植物生长调节剂组合对丛生芽诱导、生根培养的影响。结果表明,在丛生芽诱导培养中,培养基中生长调节剂最适浓度组合为6-BA 1 mg/L与NAA 0.03 mg/L,丛生芽的诱导率到达92%,芽的长势较好。生根培养中,在1/2MS培养基中生长调节剂IBA最适浓度为0.5 mg/L,生根率到达了98%。     

The membrane‐type estrogen receptor G‐protein‐coupled estrogen receptor suppresses lipopolysaccharide‐induced interleukin 6 via inhibition of nuclear factor‐kappa B pathway in murine macrophage cells

The female sex hormone estrogen exerts anti‐inflammatory effects. The G‐protein‐coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) has been recently identified as a novel membrane‐type estrogen receptor that can mediate non‐genomic estrogenic effects on many cell types. We previously demonstrated that GPER inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha‐induced expression of interleukin 6 (IL‐6) through repression of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) promoter activity using human breast cancer cells. Although several reports have indicated that GPER suppresses Toll‐like receptor‐induced inflammatory cytokine expression in macrophages, the molecular mechanisms of the inhibition of cytokine production via GPER remain poorly understood. In the present study, we examined GPER‐mediated inhibition of IL‐6 expression induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in a mouse macrophage cell line. We found that the GPER agonist G‐1 inhibited LPS‐induced IL‐6 expression in macrophage cells, and this inhibition was due to the repression of NF‐κB promoter activity by GPER. G‐1 treatment also decreased the phosphorylation of inhibitor of κB kinases. Among the mitogen‐activated protein kinases, the phosphorylation of c‐jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) was increased by G‐1. These findings delineate the novel mechanism of the inhibition of LPS‐induced IL‐6 through GPER‐activated JNK‐mediated negative regulation of the NF‐κB pathway in murine macrophage cells, which links anti‐inflammatory effects to estrogen.