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潜根线虫(Hirschmanniella spp.)是一类寄生于水稻根部的重要病原线虫,在我国多个省份和地区皆有分布,然而江苏稻区有关该线虫发生和危害鲜有报道。从江苏省农科院水稻实验田采集的水稻根部分离到大量潜根线虫,利用光学和扫描电镜显微观察确定所分离到的线虫优势种群为细尖潜根线虫(Hirschmanniella mucronata),de-Man形态学数据显示江苏分离群体与其他已报道的H. mucronata分离群体具有一定差异,但基本处于标准模式值范围。分别对ITS-rRNA、28S rRNA D2-D3扩展区、18S rRNA、细胞色素氧化酶c亚基I(COI)和热激蛋白90(Hsp90)序列进行PCR扩增,新获得的H. mucronata ITS序列与中国台湾和比利时分离群体具有高度相似性,同时比较各分离群体的ITS1、5.8S和ITS2序列碱基变异,显示我国江苏、台湾和比利时群体差异最小。基于28S rRNA D2-D3扩展区、18S rRNA和ITS-rRNA序列构建的贝叶斯和最大似然进化树将潜根线虫划分为3个进化分支,与已报道的其他H. mucronata种群共同位于第二分支。 相似文献
73.
采用高效液相色谱串联质谱(HPLC-ESI/MS/MS)法分析呋喃西林主要代谢物氨基脲(SEM)在斑点叉尾鮰体内的组织分布与消除规律.结果表明:在停药1 h后,血液和肾脏中的SEM浓度达最大值,分别为(37.5±7.45)ng·mL-1和(383.3±89.20)μg·kg-1;在停药2 h后,肌肉、皮肤、肝脏中的SEM达到最大值,其浓度分别为(33.3±8.25)、(168.2±43.47)和(105.0±48.40)μg·kg-1;在480 h时,肌肉中的SEM浓度是其残留判定值(1μg·kg-1)的1.1倍;在1080 h时,血液、皮肤、肝脏和肾脏中的SEM分别是其残留判定值(1μg·kg-1)的1.17倍、8.75倍、1.0倍和5.47倍;在1440 h(60 d)时,血液、肌肉和皮肤中的SEM平均浓度分别为(0.57±0.25)ng·mL-1、(0.28±0.03)和(0.83±0.24)μg·kg-1,而在肝脏和肾脏中,未检测出SEM;在2160 h(90 d)时,血液和各组织中均未检测出SEM.SEM在血液和各组织中消除半衰期T1/2为血液(11.11 d)>皮肤(9.02 d)>肌肉(8.25 d)>肾脏(7.40 d)>肝脏(6.71 d).皮肤中SEM浓度高于肌肉组织,而且残留时间长.整个实验期间平均水温为28℃,在斑点叉尾鮰苗种各组织中,消除SEM至少需要2520℃.d. 相似文献
74.
试验旨在研究氨基酸副产物(amino acid by-products,ABP)对全株红高粱和全株甜玉米发酵品质及消化率的影响,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)探讨ABP对青贮饲料发酵品质及消化率的作用机制。试验设无添加剂的对照组和添加2.0% ABP的试验组Ⅰ、2.0% ABP与饲用菌混合添加的试验组Ⅱ,分别进行红高粱和甜玉米的发酵试验,检测其发酵品质及消化率。结果表明:①试验组Ⅰ红高粱和甜玉米青贮pH降至3.90和3.28,感官评定均属于优质青贮饲料。②对于红高粱青贮,与对照组相比,试验组干物质(DM)含量略有提高,但差异不显著(P>0.05),粗蛋白质(CP)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验组Ⅱ纤维成分略低于对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);各试验组乳酸和乙酸含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验组Ⅱ丁酸含量显著低于其余组(P<0.05);试验组干物质和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)消化率均高于对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05),酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。③对于甜玉米青贮,各试验组干物质和纤维含量均低于对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05),粗蛋白质含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组Ⅰ乳酸含量显著高于其余组(P<0.05),试验组Ⅱ乙酸含量显著高于其余组(P<0.05),而各试验组丁酸含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组各养分消化率均低于对照组但高于未发酵原料,其中干物质和酸性洗涤纤维消化率差异显著(P<0.05)。④SEM结果表明,青贮过程中ABP通过破坏红高粱表面蜡质层促进饲用菌的黏附,并降解其细胞壁纤维成分而改善了青贮发酵品质并提高消化率;但ABP对青贮甜玉米蜡质层及细胞壁纤维结构破坏作用不明显。综上,添加ABP可提高红高粱青贮的发酵品质和养分消化率,但对甜玉米青贮的作用不大。 相似文献
75.
Maiko Kaneko Etsuro Yoshimura Naoko K. Nishizawa Satoshi Mori 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):701-712
To clarify the mechanism(s) involved in the short-term inhibition of root elongation by AI, we monitored the morphological changes of barley roots by digital microscopy. Within 30 min after exposure to 37 µM AI, the surface of the root epidermis in the region of a distance of 1.5 mm from the root tip became rough and began to show signs of damage. After 38 min, callose was rapidly excreted from the junction between the root cap and the root epidermis, and formed a spherical lump approximately 60 µm in diameter. The fine structure of the callose deposits on the root surface was analyzed by low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy. After 50 min, there was a significant increase in the callose contents in the distal 0.6 mm part. At the same time, root elongation stopped completely. Fluorescence staining indicated that callose was localized on the surface of the cell elongation area (the elongation zone of primary roots and root hairs), but not on the surface of the meristem. The root growth reduction associated with AI treatment may be due to the use of sugar substrates for callose formation instead of cellulose formation. 相似文献
76.
77.
Perazzini R Leonardi D Ruggeri S Alesiani D D'Arcangelo G Canini A 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):211-218
Eight Phaseolus vulgaris L. landraces cultivated on farm in marginal areas of Central Italy (Lazio region) were investigated in order to evaluate
chemical composition of storage proteins and secondary metabolites fractions. The total protein content showed some differences
among landraces; the maximum value was next to 30 g for 100 g of dry weight. The seed storage proteins were screened by polyacrylamide
gel electrophoresis (SDS/PAGE): seven landraces exhibited phaseolin patterns type S, one landrace showed a phaseolin pattern
type T. A morphological analysis of cotyledon parenchyma performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed differences
in size of starch granules. Moreover the polyphenolic composition was investigated using HPLC-APCI; from the methanol extracts
a flavonoid, kaempferol, and a coumarin, 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin, were identified. To our knowledge, this is the first time
that 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin has been reported in P. vulgaris seeds. 相似文献
78.
BACKGROUND: In the present study the principle of energy dispersive X‐ray microanalysis (EDX), i.e. the detection of elements based on their characteristic X‐rays, was used to localise and quantify organic and inorganic pesticides on enzymatically isolated fruit cuticles. Pesticides could be discriminated from the plant surface because of their distinctive elemental composition. RESULTS: Findings confirm the close relation between net intensity (NI) and area covered by the active ingredient (AI area). Using wide and narrow concentration ranges of glyphosate and glufosinate, respectively, results showed that quantification of AI requires the selection of appropriate regression equations while considering NI, peak‐to‐background (P/B) ratio, and AI area. The use of selected internal standards (ISs) such as Ca(NO3)2 improved the accuracy of the quantification slightly but led to the formation of particular, non‐typical microstructured deposits. The suitability of SEM‐EDX as a general technique to quantify pesticides was evaluated additionally on 14 agrochemicals applied at diluted or regular concentration. CONCLUSION: Among the pesticides tested, spatial localisation and quantification of AI amount could be done for inorganic copper and sulfur as well for the organic agrochemicals glyphosate, glufosinate, bromoxynil and mancozeb. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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