Apparent zinc absorption and zinc status of weanling rats fed moderately zinc‐deficient diets enriched with beef tallow or sunflower oil

The aim of the study was to compare apparent Zn absorption and Zn status of weanling rats fed diets that differed in Zn level, fat level and fat source. Semi‐synthetic diets, which were about isoenergetic and contained 3% soyabean oil, were supplemented with 7 or 100 mg Zn/kg to create a mild Zn deficiency (LZ) or a high Zn supply (HZ) and with 0 (LF), 22% beef tallow (BT) or 22% sunflower oil (SF) according to a 2 × 3 factorial design of treatments. They were fed ad libitum to 6 × 8 rats for 28 days. Energy intake and growth rates were comparable among the HZ groups. Weight gains in the LZ‐LF, LZ‐BT and LZ‐SF groups averaged 5.54, 4.95 and 4.15 g/day, and apparent Zn absorption averaged 79.4, 60.3 and 48.0 μg Zn/day, respectively, whereas faecal Zn excretion was comparable among these groups. Apparent Zn absorption, and plasma and femur Zn concentrations were lower in the high‐fat groups than in the LF group, possibly due to the high cellulose content of the BT and SF diets. Plasma Zn concentrations were higher in the animals fed the BT‐based than in the SF‐based diets, whereas femur and soft tissue Zn concentrations were comparable among these groups. The differences between the LZ‐BT and LZ‐SF groups in growth rate, Zn absorption rate and Zn status were confirmed in a second experiment. The results indicate that moderately Zn‐deficient diets enriched with SF in relation to BT affect Zn metabolism of weanling rats by a yet unknown mechanism.     

大庆市畜禽粪便处理与利用状况的分析研究

根据大庆市畜牧业现状,分析了畜牧生产所产生的粪、尿数量及畜禽粪便对大庆市环境产生的压力,并对各区县进行了区划分析。分析了大庆市畜禽粪便处理的主要模式,以及利用程度,提出减少畜禽粪便污染的控制措施。     

沙打旺黄萎病病原学研究Ⅱ病原菌生长与温度、酸碱度和营养的关系

沙打旺黄萎病菌（Ｖｅｒｔｉｃｉｌｉｕｍｄａｈｌｉａｅ，营养体亲和群ＶＣＧ２Ｂ）在５～３０℃均能生长，适温２０～２５℃，在３５℃时不能生长。在ｐＨ值４～１０范围内都能生长，２５℃时最适ｐＨ值为５．０～９．０。该菌利用可溶性淀粉、葡萄糖、蔗糖、乳糖、麦芽糖或甘油作碳源时均能正常生长，并生成微菌核，利用硝酸钾、尿素、甘氨酸作氮源时生长较快，以蛋白胨作氮源时，生长较慢，且不能生成微菌核     

采用营养调控措施减少畜牧业对环境的污染

在我国畜牧业迅猛发展的今天，如何降低畜含生产对环境的污染已成为畜牧业可持续发展所面临的重要课题。本文在分析畜禽生产对环境危害的基础上，对应用平衡日粮营养、利用特殊调控剂、改进饲养方式等手段减少环境污染的原理进行了综述。     

不同纤维原料对肉鸡组织器官发育及胃肠道pH的影响

文章旨在研究不同纤维原料对肉鸡组织器官发育及胃肠道pH的影响。试验选择初始体重为(41.25±1.58)g的1日龄肉仔鸡320只,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复20只,试验共进行8 d。试验共设计4种日粮,对照组饲喂低纤维水平日粮(中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量分别是37和16 g/kg),其他3组分别在对照组日粮中添加30 g/kg纤维素、甜菜粕和燕麦皮(添加量等量替代海泡石)。甜菜粕组肉鸡胃肠道相对重量显著高于对照组和纤维素组(P <0.05),而燕麦皮组显著高于对照组和纤维素组(P <0.05)。燕麦皮组肉鸡肌胃相对重量显著高于甜菜粕组(P <0.05),而燕麦皮和甜菜粕组显著高于对照组和纤维素组(P <0.05)。与对照组相比,甜菜粕较对照组显著提高了肌胃内容物相对重量(P <0.05)。与纤维素和燕麦皮组相比,甜菜粕组显著提高了嗉囊pH(P <0.05),降低了腺胃pH(P <0.05)。甜菜粕和燕麦皮组肌胃pH显著低于纤维素和对照组(P <0.05)。甜菜粕组空肠、梅克尔憩室和回肠pH显著高于对照组和燕麦皮组(P <0.05),而纤维素组PH最低(P <0.05)。燕麦皮和纤维素组结肠pH显著低于对照组(P <0.05)。日粮添加甜菜粕和燕麦皮可以提高肉鸡肌胃活力,降低胃肠道前段的pH,但对十二指肠pH无显著影响。燕麦皮对内容物pH和肌胃重量的影响与其具有较高的粒度平均直径有关,甜菜粕的作用主要与其具有较高的系水力和膨胀度有关。     

Bats adjust temporal parameters of echolocation pulses but not those of communication calls in response to traffic noise

Many studies based on acute short‐term noise exposure have demonstrated that animals can adjust their vocalizations in response to ambient noise. However, the effects of chronic noise over a relatively long time scale of multiple days remain largely unclear. Bats rely mainly on acoustic signals for perception of environmental and social communication. Nearly all previous studies on noise‐induced vocal adjustments have focused on echolocation pulse sounds. Relatively little is known regarding the effects of noise on social communication calls. Here, we examined the dynamic changes in the temporal parameters of echolocation and communication vocalizations of Vespertilio sinensis when exposed to traffic noise over multiple days. We found that the bats started to modify their echolocation vocalizations on the fourth day of noise exposure, with an increase of 42–91% in the total number of pulse sequences per day. Under noisy conditions, the number of pulses within a pulse sequence decreased by an average of 17.2%, resulting in a significantly slower number of pulses/sequence (P < 0.001). However, there was little change in the duration of a pulse sequence. These parameters were not significantly adjusted in most communication vocalizations under the noise condition (all P > 0.05), except that the duration decreased and the number of syllables/sequences increased in 1 type of communicative vocalization (P < 0.05). This study suggests that bats routinely adjust temporal parameters of echolocation but rarely of communication vocalizations in response to noise condition.     

实验室污染对氯霉素残留检测的影响

分析实验室氯霉素污染来源及其对氯霉素残留检测的影响.以乙腈为溶剂,对实验台面、实验器具表面的污染物进行收集,应用液相色谱-质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS),对收集液中的氯霉素含量进行测定;以浸泡过氯霉素的实验器具为阳性对照,考察实验器具的清洗方法对氯霉素去除效果.结果表明:大部分实验器具的污染物提取液检出了氯霉素,阳性实验器具清洗后仍检出氯霉素.实验室污染可能造成实验结果假阳性,因此,建立有效的预防体系避免实验室污染,对减少痕量分析中假阳性的出现具有重要意义.     

浅析发酵乳霉菌零星污染来源及控制方法

霉菌在自然环境中普遍存在,而且以孢子形态随空气、水等媒介进行扩散.对食品原辅料及生产环境均可造成污染,是造成发酵乳变质的主要原因.发酵乳作为保质期较短且需冷链储运、销售的产品,零星的霉菌污染不会引起食品安全问题,但由于部分销售终端及三四线市场冷链运输缺失,造成霉菌生长,发酵乳呈现明显霉斑,导致消费者体验差,给企业品牌造...     

Comparing the osteogenic potential of canine mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissues, bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, and Wharton's jelly for treating bone defects

Alternative sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for replacing bone marrow (BM) have been extensively investigated in the field of bone tissue engineering. The purpose of this study was to compare the osteogenic potential of canine MSCs derived from adipose tissue (AT), BM, umbilical cord blood (UCB), and Wharton''s jelly (WJ) using in vitro culture techniques and in vivo orthotopic implantation assays. After canine MSCs were isolated from various tissues, the proliferation and osteogenic potential along with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production were measured and compared in vitro. For the in vivo assay, MSCs derived from each type of tissue were mixed with β-tricalcium phosphate and implanted into segmental bone defects in dogs. Among the different types of MSCs, AT-MSCs had a higher proliferation potential and BM-MSCs produced the most VEGF. AT-MSCs and UCB-MSCs showed greater in vitro osteogenic potential compared to the other cells. Radiographic and histological analyses showed that all tested MSCs had similar osteogenic capacities, and the level of new bone formation was much higher with implants containing MSCs than cell-free implants. These results indicate that AT-MSCs, UCB-MSCs, and WJ-MSCs can potentially be used in place of BM-MSCs for clinical bone engineering procedures.     

人文精神变革下的城市视觉污染及其防治

城市的发展建设是建设文明社会、和谐社会的重要组成部分。在人文精神的引导下，城市建设应朝着人与自然的和谐方向发展。然而现代城市中出现的各种视觉上的污染及其所造成的危害，却与我们所提倡发展城市人文精神，建立人文城市的内涵相违背。本文在分析了城市的硬环境和软环境存在的几个重要的视觉污染的基础上，提出了发展人文城市，杜绝城市污染源的几点建议。