GIS在城市污染信息系统中的应用

随着社会经济的迅速发展,城市的环境污染日趋严重,迫切需要实时、准确、大范围、可靠地获取环境参数的现状和动态变化数据。为此,提出了以GIS为主要软件,开发平台建立城市污染信息系统,并确立了系统的结构与功能、系统的数据库、系统的应用等。城市污染信息系统将为城市环境的管理提供高效、科学的信息支持,从而提高管理水平。     

用鱼肌核酸指示水体污染的初步研究

选择了4种家鱼作指示生物，用紫外分光光度法测定其白肌中RNA和DNA的含量。结果表明：同种鱼，污染区的RNA含量显著低于对照区，白鲢和鳊鱼白肌中RNA／DNA低于对照区；不同种的鱼，污染区鱼肌核酸比对照区下降的程度有鳊鱼＞白鲢＞鲫鱼和鲤鱼的趋势。鱼肌核酸下降同水体重金属污染有一定联系，RNA是比RNA／DNA更合适的指标，鳊鱼和白鲢是比鲫鱼和鲤鱼更敏感的指示生物。     

太湖流域殷村港沉积物中营养元素及重金属污染特征研究

2012年8月沿殷村港共采集17个样点表层沉积物样品,分析了其中的营养元素及重金属含量。结果表明:殷村港沉积物中TN、TP和TOC含量均值分别为2.11、1.56、27.75 g·kg^-1,沉积物中TOC与TN环境行为近似,说明TN的沉积与有机物的沉积相伴随;C/N及营养元素评价表明殷村港外源污染输入显著,有机氮污染严重;地累积指数评价显示殷村港Cu污染水平处于"中-强"污染等级,其次是Pb及Zn处于中度污染,Cr及Ni基本属于无污染状态。     

乡村旅游综合发展优势及协调性研究——以华中地区乡村旅游重点村为例

乡村旅游是实现乡村振兴,推动乡村高质量发展的重要途径。为促进乡村旅游的高质量发展,本研究以华中地区124个乡村旅游重点村为研究对象,运用地理探测器量化多个影响因素对华中地区乡村旅游重点村空间分布的影响效果,构建综合优势度模型评价华中地区乡村旅游综合优势度,并结合重点村分布和综合优势度分布构建耦合协调度模型,以评估乡村旅游重点村发展的协调效果。研究结果表明：1）华中地区乡村旅游重点村呈现多核心的集聚分布,受多维影响因素综合影响,各因素间协同影响作用突出;2）综合优势度分析显示,华中地区乡村旅游综合发展优势总体上表现为河南省＞湖北省＞湖南省,与重点村空间分布高度耦合,且耦合协调类型与综合优势度成正相关;3）乡村旅游重点村的发展优势受各因素协调效果的制约,资源禀赋是选址的首要考虑指标,而交通条件是持续发展的必要条件。本研究可为乡村旅游创新提质和产业升级提供理论依据和实践经验。     

GM1 gangliosidosis in a Japanese domestic cat: a new variant identified in Hokkaido,Japan

A male Japanese domestic cat with retarded growth in Hokkaido, Japan, showed progressive motor dysfunction, such as ataxia starting at 3 months of age and tremors, visual disorder and seizure after 4 months of age. Finally, the cat died of neurological deterioration at 9 months of age. Approximately half of the peripheral blood lymphocytes had multiple abnormal vacuoles. Magnetic resonance imaging showed bisymmetrical hyperintensity in the white matter of the parietal and occipital lobes in the forebrain on T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images, and mild encephalatrophy of the olfactory bulbs and temporal lobes. The activity of lysosomal acid β-galactosidase in leukocytes was negligible, resulting in the biochemical diagnosis of GM1 gangliosidosis. Histologically, swollen neurons characterized by accumulation of pale, slightly granular cytoplasmic materials were observed throughout the central nervous system. Dysmyelination or demyelination and gemistocytic astrocytosis were observed in the white matter. Ultrastructually, membranous cytoplasmic bodies were detected in the lysosomes of neurons. However, genetic analysis did not identify the c.1448G>C mutation, which is the single known mutation of feline GM1 gangliosidosis, suggesting that the cat was affected with a new variant of the feline disease.     

Heavy metal and chlorinated hydrocarbon contamination of selected aquatic sediments from the Berlin area

Sediments from the Berlin area were analysed for heavy metals and chlorinated hydrocarbons. the sedimentological and hydrogeological aspects of the Holocene sediments are discussed and an adapted sampling device for muds with a high water content is described. the contamination of surface sediments and dated cores is shown back in the 19th century; the hydrological influences on the degree of contamination and potential threats to groundwater and, via remobilisation, to surface waters are considered. It is concluded that the sediments of the Berlin area are highly contaminated.     

Soil and sediment contamination by persistent organic pollutants in the Moravian and Slovakian parts of the danube catchment area and some Bohemian sites in the elbe catchment area

Polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, HCBs and p, p'-DDE were determined in soil and sediment samples from selected sites in Czecho-Slovakia. for the first three groups of chemicals soil pollution in Czecho-Slovakia is very high. in general, The pollution is higher in the Elbe than in the Danube catchment sediments.     

Potential chemical time bombs in the schelde estuary

The Schelde estuary is heavily polluted with many different (micro)pollutants. This results in high concentrations in the abiotic and biotic compartments of the Schelde estuary and in various effects. the present day suboxic and anoxic conditions in the upper estuary are probably responsible for the high distribution coefficients for some trace metals in the lower Schelde estuary (Western Schelde). a future reduction in discharges with a high biological oxygen demand will therefore not only result in higher oxygen concentrations, but probably also in lower distribution coefficients for trace metals in the Western Schelde. Simulations show that lower trace metal distribution coefficients will probably result in higher concentrations of dissolved (bioavailable) trace metals, even with substantially reduced discharge rates, due to the desorption of trace metals from resuspended bottom sediments.     

蔬菜重金属污染现状、污染来源及防治措施

论述了蔬菜重金属的污染现状和污染来源,结合土壤重金属的污染特点、污染来源和当前的研究结果,提出了蔬菜重金属污染的防治措施.     

乡村振兴背景下新型农业人才培养探讨

论述乡村振兴背景下新型农业人才培养的必要性。分析新时代新型农业人才培养面临的主要问题,表现为新型农业人才不足且农村人才整体水平较低,新型农业人才引进、培养和激励机制建设力度不足。提出新时代新型农业人才培养对策,包括农业高校建立新型农业人才培养体系,健全新型农业人才引进、培养和激励机制,校企联合、产学研结合培养新型农业人才。