壳聚糖-山梨酸复合涂膜对宣城圆枣保鲜效果的影响

针对鲜食红枣成熟后贮藏期短,商品性会随贮藏期延长而降低等问题,以宣城圆枣为试材,采用5个浓度(0.1%、0.25%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%)壳聚糖与浓度为0.1%的山梨酸混合,配制成复合保鲜液,对其进行涂膜保鲜处理。结果表明:在4℃条件下,壳聚糖-山梨酸复合涂膜处理在一定程度上能延缓宣城圆枣果实失重率与腐烂率上升的速度,同时抑制硬度及VC含量的下降,从而延缓果实的成熟衰老进程,提高贮藏品质,延长货架期。通过对各项果实品质指标数据的综合分析得出,复合涂膜溶液的最佳使用浓度为0.25%壳聚糖+0.1%山梨酸。     

大枣保鲜的主要技术与方法

大枣是我国独具优势的重要果品之一,具有重要的营养价值,因此大枣的保鲜问题一直是科学工作者不断探讨的问题。介绍了几种主要的大枣保鲜技术,包括冷藏、气调贮藏、减压贮藏和化学药剂保藏等。     

自制保鲜剂对灵武长枣低温贮藏保鲜效果的研究

以可溶性固形物含量24.3%的灵武长枣为试材,研究了冷藏过程中果实品质变化及贮藏保鲜效果。结果表明,保鲜剂浸果极显著降低了霉烂果率,显著减缓了贮藏中后期果肉硬度下降和维生素C氧化分解,明显抑制了果肉蔗糖水解,显著提高了贮藏中后期脆好果率。但保鲜剂浸果对可溶性固形物、还原糖、总糖和果胶含量没有明显影响。脆好果率与果肉硬度、抗坏血酸含量和蔗糖含量均呈极显著正相关性,拟合曲线为二次多项式,相关系数分别为0.9266、0.9937和0.9971。果肉抗坏血酸含量和果肉硬度均与蔗糖含量呈极显著正相关性,相关系数分别为0.9894和0.9343。     

骑跨式机架的随机振动疲劳分析

为了提高矮化密植红枣收获机的工作性能,以骑跨式机架为研究对象,建立有限元模型。对机架进行模态分析,得出机架的固有频率与振型,并与各激励频率范围比较,可知机架的固有频率仍在发动机的激振频率范围之内。为避免机架产生共振,在发动机安装位置添加弹性元件,对机架采用减振方案的谐响应分析,计算得出应力、变形量变化曲线。结合机架结构材料的S-N曲线和线性累积损伤理论,对机架进行疲劳分析,验证机架的可靠性。研究结果表明:减振方案的谐响应分析使机架的最大变形量由2.977mm变到0.358mm,减小了87.974%,明显改善了机架的振动特性;在激振载荷的作用下对添加减振元件前后的机架分别计算疲劳寿命,得出添加减振元件后机架的疲劳寿命为1.84×10~8次,高于1.0×10~6次,满足机架疲劳强度设计要求。     

新型落地红枣收获机的设计

为解决南疆矮化密植枣园红枣收获难题,针对矮化密植种植模式下的枣园特点,设计出基于清扫方式和气吸方式相结合的新型落地红枣收获机。介绍了整机结构和工作原理,并对关键部件进行了设计,确定了各关键部件的基本结构和具体型号。同时,分析了红枣清扫聚拢过程,得出清扫辊刷转速、机具前进速度与清扫辊刷清扫效果之间的关系,并通过田间试验验证了清扫辊刷转速、机具前进速度与清扫辊刷清扫效果之间的关系。该机整体尺寸小,适应性强,作业效率高,适用于南疆矮化密植种植模式的枣园进行红枣收获作业。     

基于LabVIEW的红枣干燥机控制系统的设计

为了解决现有红枣干燥机自动化程度低、劳动强度高和不能很好地满足红枣干燥工艺需要的问题,通过对国内外自动化控制系统的研究和借鉴,设计了基于LabVIEW的红枣干燥机的控制系统。同时,设计了LabVIEW控制系统的前面板和程序框图,完成了外部硬件电路的设计。试验表明:该LabVIEW控制系统可以实现鼓风机和物料提升机的启动和停止,3路温度的采集、分析、显示和对加热管的控制,3路湿度的采集、分析、显示和对排湿阀门的控制,2路风速的采集和显示,以及6个进/出风通道按照设定的时间间隔实现5种工作模式的切换。     

牵引式红枣残枝粉碎机的设计与试验

红枣残枝粉碎还田是目前亟待解决的问题。为此,设计了一种牵引式红枣残枝粉碎机,通过对辊破碎和动定刀粉碎共同作用实现粉碎效果。对破碎辊轴、粉碎主轴的转速和功率等参数进行了详细阐述,规范了动刀在主轴上的排布方式,选用双螺旋式刀具排布,确保同一时刻有且仅有两个动刀同时工作,有效降低了振动和机组动力损耗,提高了工作效率。运用ANSYS软件对主轴进行了静力学分析及模态分析,得出了应力应变图及粉碎主轴前6阶固有频率和振型图。应力应变图表明:最大应力为8.3326 MPa,最大变形量为0.017419 mm,参考材料特性,主轴强度满足设计要求,故主轴设计合理、安全。模态分析结果表明:最低固有频率为98.286Hz,所对应的临界转速5897 r/min远大于初定主轴转速2000 r/min,因此在工作中主轴转动时不会产生共振现象。样机试验结果表明:粉碎机工作生产率为817.67kg/h,吨功耗为49.06kW/h,噪声为95.3dB,粉碎粒度合格率为86.97%,可以实现连续稳定运作,粉碎粒度符合还田技术要求。     

基于梨枣轻微损伤的可见/近红外光谱判别研究

利用可见/近红外光谱技术对梨枣轻微损伤的分类判别建模方法进行研究。分别采用PLS-LDA(线性)和LS-SVM(非线性)建立判别模型,分析比较不同预处理方式和建模波段对模型精度的影响。结果表明:经9点平滑预处理后的短波近红外(780~1100nm)PLS-LDA模型判别效果最佳,校正集和预测集的正确识别率分别达到97.8%和96.7%。     

基于神经网络红枣红外辐射干燥预测模型建立

针对红枣红外辐射干燥含水率的变化具有非线性和时变性、很难利用现有的模型构造一个数学模型来描述其变化规律的问题,利用Mat Lab神经网络工具箱和红枣红外辐射干燥特性试验数据建立了神经网络预测模型。通过对实测值和模型预测值进行分析研究,得出利用BP神经网络可以较快速、准确地建立模型来描述含水率的变化规律,且模型的预测值与试验测试值误差较小,能很好地实现在线预测的效果。     

红枣气体射流冲击干燥收缩特性研究

Chinese jujube originated in China and has a long historical standing. China is the only country which can produce a great amount of Chinese jujube in the world. Modern research showed that the nutrition of Chinese jujube is abundant. Chinese jujube has great medicinal and food value, with high economic value and good prospects for development. Shrinkage characteristics of dates generally refer to volume shrinkage characteristics of whole dates. Large fruit and plump grain appearance of dates is the first choice of consumers to buy elements. The volume of dried jujube points to the consumer’s heart, and is an important indicator of consumers whether to buy. Jujube processing enterprises grade the date in accordance with its size, different grades dates have different value and price. Therefore, drying is the most important steps during the dates processing as it affects directly the quality of the product, and the shrinkage characteristics is the most important quality characteristic of Chinese jujube after drying. However, the traditional natural desiccation and desiccation in the drying room of the red dates has many problems. The conventional drying method for Chinese jujube has some disadvantages of severe shrinkage, long drying time and large energy consumption etc. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of dried Chinese jujube and reduce the shrinkage, it is imperative to replace the traditional drying method with the modern technologies. Air impingement drying technology was applied to dry Chinese jujube. The drying characteristics of shrinkage, moisture effective diffusivity considering shrinkage characteristics and the activation energy of Chinese jujube shrinkage were investigated under different air temperatures (55, 60, 65 and 70℃) and air velocities (6, 9, 12 and 15m/s). The dynamic changes of the regular pattern for the shrinkage characteristic of Chinese jujube in the air impingement drying process were studied, the results showed that the volume relative shrinkage ratio of Chinese jujube appeared to increase and then decrease with the increase of air temperature and air velocity. Considering shrinkage characteristics, the moisture effective diffusivity of Chinese jujube in the air impingement drying process through the Fick’s second law was obtained. The diffusivity appeared to increase and then decrease with the decrease in moisture content in dry basis of Chinese jujube. The Arrhenius equation calculated the shrinkage activation energy of the Chinese jujube was 1281kJ/mol. This research provided technical basis for shrinkage characteristics of Chinese jujube using air impingement drying technology.