EM菌生物有机肥对鲁梅克斯农艺特性及品质的影响

鲁梅克斯(Rumex patientia×Rumex tianschanicus cv.Rumex)具有抗寒、耐盐碱、营养价值高等特点,是畜牧业上广泛应用的牧草,而EM菌生物有机肥可以提高作物的产量和品质,改良土壤,因此,施用EM菌生物有机肥对鲁梅克斯种植的推广具有重要的意义。本研究以从俄罗斯引进的鲁梅克斯品种(ЩавельЧемпион)和国内的鲁梅克斯K-1杂交酸模品种为材料,在鲁梅克斯种植过程中施用EM菌生物有机肥,研究此有机肥对牧草的农艺特性及品质的影响。结果表明,EM菌生物有机肥的施加,能够有效地促进鲁梅克斯的生长发育,明显地增加引进和国内品种的产量,显著地提高牧草的经济效益(P0.05),并且可以显著地提高鲁梅克斯叶簇期叶片中叶绿素的含量(P0.05),但对单宁含量影响不显著(P0.05)。对引进品种施用EM菌有机肥时,发现其品质也显著地提高(P0.05)。综上研究可知,在鲁梅克斯的种植过程中施加EM菌生物有机肥,不仅能够显著提高牧草的农艺特性,同时也能有效提高其品质。     

Biological and molecular variation of Cherry leaf roll virus isolates from Malus domestica,Ribes rubrum,Rubus idaeus,Rumex obtusifolius and Vaccinium darrowii

Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) isolates from Malus domestica, Ribes rubrum, Rubus idaeus, Rumex obtusifolius and Vaccinium darrowii were characterized based on nucleotide sequences of a 371 bp fragment of the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of their genomic RNAs, symptoms in the herbaceous hosts, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana occidentalis and Nicotiana tabacum, and seed transmission in N. occidentalis. The different isolates induced a range of localized and systemic disease symptoms, of varying severity, in the herbaceous hosts. The isolates from M. domestica, R. rubrum, R. obtusifolius and V. darrowii all showed greater than 80% seed transmission in N. occidentalis, but no seed transmission was observed for the R. idaeus isolate. Based on symptoms and seed transmission, the isolates appear to be biologically distinct strains of CLRV. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences from the 3′ UTR, commonly used to detect CLRV, showed that four isolates from M. domestica, R. rubrum, R. idaeus and V. darrowii were almost identical but an isolate from R. obtusifolius exhibited a pairwise nucleotide difference of up to 5·4% when compared to these isolates. There was no obvious correlation between sequence differences and symptomatology.     

安徽铜陵矿区优势植物的重金属富集特性研究

调查了安徽省铜陵宝山矿区自然植被,记录了11种植物,优势度较高种分别为鸭跖草、酸模、空心泡,并分析了以上3种优势植物和相关土壤中重金属Zn、Mn、Pb、Cd、Cr、Fe、Cu的含量,研究了优势植物体的重金属富集特性。结果表明,3种植物对重金属的吸收有较大差异,鸭跖草是Cu的超富集植物,空心泡和酸模属于Cu耐性植物。Pb在鸭跖草中含量较高,而酸模的地上/根比高达17.2,说明两者对Pb有富集能力。而空心泡中重金属含量较低,另鸭跖草对Zn、Cr,空心泡对Mn及3种优势植物对Cd都有富集趋势,但不是Fe的累集植物。     

Proanthocyanidins and a phloroglucinol derivative from Rumex acetosa L.

From the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of an acetone–water extract of the aerial parts of Rumex acetosa L. (Polygonaceae), a variety of monomeric flavan-3-ols (catechin, epicatechin, epicatechin-3-O-gallate), A- and B-type procyanidins and propelargonidins (15 dimers, 7 trimers, 2 tetramers) were isolated with 5 so far unknown natural products. Dimers: procyanidin B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B7, A2, epiafzelechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin, epiafzelechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate (new natural product), epiafzelechin-(4β→6)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate (new natural product), epiafzelechin-3-O-gallate-(4β→8)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate, B2-3′-O-gallate, B2-3,3′-di-O-gallate, B5-3′-O-gallate, and B5-3,3′-di-O-gallate. Trimers: procyanidin C1, epiafzelechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin (new natural product), epicatechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin-(4β→8)-catechin, cinnamtannin B1, cinnamtannin B1-3-O-gallate (new natural product), tentatively epicatechin-(2β→7, 4β→8)-epiafzelechin-(4α→8)-epicatechin (new natural product), and epicatechin-3-O-gallate-(4β→8)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate-(4β→8)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate.Tetramers: procyanidin D1 and parameritannin A1. All compounds were elucidated by ESI-MS, CD spectra, 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments as free phenols or peracetylated derivatives and, in part, after partial acid-catalysed degradation with phloroglucinol.A more abundant proanthocyanidin polymer was also isolated, purified and its chemical composition studied by ¹³C NMR.In addition a so far unknown phloroglucinolglycoside (1-O-β-d-(2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)-6-O-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)-glucopyranoside) was isolated.     

4种光响应曲线模型对3种高寒草甸植物的实用性分析

为研究光响应模型对不同植物披针形叶片的适用情况及不同植物对当地环境的适应性,采用4种不同的光响应模型对金露梅（Potentilla fruticosa L.）、野草莓（Fragaria vesca,）和酸模（Rumex acetosa L.）进行拟合分析。结果表明：4种模型对3种植物叶片的光合光响应曲线都可进行拟合,决定系数均为R²>0.99。直角双曲线修正模型拟合3种不同披针形叶片的效果均最好,计算出的光饱和点、最大净光合速率和光补偿点最接近实测值,推测直角双曲线修正模型可能对披针形叶片的拟合均适用。酸模具有较高的光饱和点 （2 389.806 μmol·m^-2·s^-1）和较低的光补偿点 （21.943 μmol·m^-2·s^-1）;酸模和金露梅都具有较高的初始量子效率 （0.088、0.063）,对光能的转换效率高;野草莓暗呼吸速率最低,消耗的光合产物最少。3种植物叶片的最佳拟合模型均为直角双曲线修正模型,酸模对当地环境的适应能力最强。研究结论为积石山地区生态保护提供一定的理论参考。     

Mercury accumulation and resistance to mercury stress in Rumex induratus and Marrubium vulgare grown in perlite

Plants of Rumex induratus and Marrubium vulgare, collected in the mining area of Almadén, were transferred to pots and grown for 2 months using perlite as substrate and treated with soluble mercury (Hg) in the applied nutrient solution. Mercury resistance, Hg bioaccumulation, and some stress biomarkers were investigated in both plant species. Mercury concentration increased in both plant species in response to Hg supply, but R. induratus was more effective in Hg accumulation. Rumex induratus and M. vulgare showed higher [Hg]_shoot‐to‐[Hg]_root ratios than other plant species. Mercury in the growth medium perlite was also investigated, distinguishing soluble, available, and total amounts of Hg in the medium. At the lower doses, one half of the applied Hg was retained by perlite. Rumex induratus decreased the available Hg fraction in perlite more than M. vulgare. The bioaccumulation factor ([Hg]_plant/[Hg]_available) was similar in both species and similar as found in previous field studies. Plant growth, water content, and chlorophyll concentration, and nutrient translocation were reduced in both plant species by the Hg. Rumex induratus showed higher resistance and Hg‐accumulation capacity than M. vulgare, due to the accumulation of thiols in roots and the absence of a lipid oxidative response.     

杂交酸模移栽试验初探

通过在化隆县引进移栽杂交酸模，经小区试验分析，发现种植密度和施肥对产草量起着一定作用，其中种植密度为6株/m^2和施肥量0.0075kg/m^2组合效应的产草量最优。     

天山酸模染色体核型分析

对鲁梅克斯K-1杂交酸模及其父本天山酸模染色体数目进行了研究。试验结果表明,鲁梅克斯K-1染色体数目为2n=60,母本巴天酸模染色体数目为2n=60,父本天山酸模染色体数目为2n=20;天山酸模核型公式为2n=18m（2SAT）＋2sm。从染色体水平上分析,鲁梅克斯K-1与巴天酸模亲缘关系较近,与天山酸模亲缘关系较远。     

防除人工草场杂草小酸模的药物筛选

采用5种除草剂，用常规农作物除草使用剂量和浓度，对人工草场杂草小酸模进行除草试验。结果表明：百草敌效果最优，巨星次之，好事达、宝成、太阳星效果不理想。     

潜流人工湿地对畜禽养殖废水的净化效果

为了提高潜流人工湿地对畜禽养殖废水中污染物的去除效果,该试验通过改变湿地内部结构构建了4个潜流人工湿地单元,选用灰砖块和碎石做湿地填料,冬夏季轮作栽培齿果酸模和大狼把草,考察湿地运行期间对厌氧消化后猪场废水的净化效果。结果表明：湿地单元经过80 d的启动,运行稳定,有植物湿地比无植物对照湿地提前10 d左右进入稳定期。运行期间,各湿地单元对废水中氨氮（ammonia nitrogen,NH4+-N）、总氮（total nitrogen, TN）、总磷（total phosphorus,TP）和化学需氧量（chemical oxygen demand,CODCr）的去除率与气温变化均呈现显著线性正相关。在水力停留时间（hydraulic retention time,HRT）为4 d,进水中CODCr、NH4+-N、TN、TP浓度分别为520、110、120、10 mg/L左右时,4个湿地单元对CODCr、TP的去除率分别在60%和70%以上,对NH4+-N和TN的去除率分别为28%～67%和32%～58%,植物对CODCr及TP去除的贡献分别稳定在10%和4%左右,植物对氮的去除效果受气温影响较大,夏季对NH4+-N和TN去除的贡献分别可达13%和12%。与一般潜流人工湿地比较,改进的波形潜流人工湿地对NH4+-N、TN和CODCr的平均去除率提高均在3%以上,对TP去除效果差异不显著（P＞0.05）。该研究可为构建大规模的潜流人工湿地处理畜禽养殖废水提供理论依据和技术支持。