江苏沿岸定置张网主要渔获组成以及对经济鱼类幼体的损害分析

深水张网是吕四渔场传统的作业方式,渔获量占江苏省海洋捕捞总量的比重较大。根据2004年4月~2005年11月吕四渔场深水张网渔业监测资料,结合渔业统计数据,分析了该渔业渔获物种类组成及其季节变化,以及主要经济鱼类渔获物种类组成和幼鱼比例。结果表明,各季节深水张网优势渔获物种类组成具有明显的季节变化特征,春季主要以小黄鱼、黄鲫、焦氏舌鳎和葛氏长臂虾为主,夏季为小黄鱼、黄鲫、焦氏舌鳎和银鲳,秋季为小黄鱼、焦氏舌鳎、棘头梅童鱼、灰鲳和银鲳,冬季为小黄鱼、焦氏舌鳎、棘头梅童鱼和斑鰶;小黄鱼和焦氏舌鳎是深水张网渔业常年优势渔获物。主要经济鱼类小黄鱼以6月份平均网产最高,但主要以幼鱼为主,2004年和2005年的平均体重分别仅0.81 g/ind和1.04 g/ind,幼鱼渔获尾数分别占到99.1%和99.8%,累计损害幼鱼尾数分别达1.84×107ind和2.37×107ind;银鲳平均体重3.22 g/ind和3.8 g/ind,累计损害幼鱼尾数分别为4.84×105ind和4.41×105ind。建议对深水张网渔业加强管理,可对该渔业提前一个月休渔,提高网囊网目尺寸,并强化管理力度。     

黑斑狗鱼形态性状对体重的影响效果分析

选取0^＋龄～4^＋龄黑斑狗鱼332尾,对其体长、体高、体宽、尾柄长、尾柄高、头长、头高、头宽、吻长、眼间距、口裂宽、口裂长和体重等13个性状进行测量。采用多元分析法分析体重和形态形状的关系。结果表明,黑斑狗鱼除0^＋龄头长与体重之间的相关系数未达到显著水平（P〉0．05）外,其它各形态性状与体重的相关系数均达到显著水平（P〈0．05）或极显著水平（P〈0．01）;经通径分析,不同年龄阶段各形态性状对体重的通径系数存在一定的差异,但体长和头高对体重的通径系数均达到显著水平,而且体长对体重的直接作用均最大,其余各性状均是通过体长间接的影响体重;决定系数分析结果表明,体长对体重的决定系数最大,其它性状主要通过体长影响体重;通径分析结果与决定系数分析结果的变化趋势一致;所选形态性状与体重的相关指数R2〉0．85,说明所选性状是影响体重的主要性状。应用逐步多元回归分析,经偏回归系数的显著性检验,建立以体重为因变量（Y）,各形态性状为自变量的多元回归方程,0^＋龄～4^＋龄黑斑狗鱼体重（Y）与形态性状参数的多元叵归方程分别为：LgY=-1．411＋0．395LgX8＋0．576LgX1＋0．092LgX1n＋0．538LgX7＋0．35LgX6;LgY=-4．132＋0．866LgX1＋0．102LgX】2＋0．083LgX7;LgY=一4．186＋0．772LgX1＋0．195LgX7;LgY=-2．542＋0．372LgX1＋0．185LgX3＋0．256LgX8＋0．23LgX7,;LgY=-4．585＋0．816LgX1＋0．178LgX7。经回归预测估计值与实际值间的差异不显著（P〉0．05）,该方程可用于黑斑狗鱼实际生产中,为黑斑狗鱼选种提供了理论依据和理想的测量指标。     

Retrospective analysis of the influence of environmental drivers on commercial stocks and fishing opportunities in the Irish Sea

Irish Sea fisheries have undergone considerable change in recent years following the decline of commercially important finfish stocks and their slow response to management's recovery plans. In 2015, the fishing industry called for a holistic exploration into the impact of environmental change and food web effects to identify the drivers underpinning stock dynamics. In this study, we identify correlations between large‐scale climatic indicators, temperature, primary and secondary productivity, and fish recruitment in the Irish Sea and incorporate them into an Ecopath with Ecosim food web model co‐created by scientists and fishers. Negative correlations were found between the North Atlantic Oscillation winter index (NAOw) and large zooplankton abundance and between the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and the recruitment of cod (Gadus morhua) and whiting (Merlangius merlangus). Using correlation analyses to direct the addition of environmental drivers to the Irish Sea ecosystem model improved the models fit against observed biomass and catch data and revealed the indirect impacts of environmental change as mitigated through trophic interactions. Model simulations suggest that historic environmental change suppressed the overall production of commercial finfish, limiting opportunities for the fishing industry, whilst also dampening the rate of stock recovery despite marked reductions in fishing effort. These results suggest that failure to account for ecosystem information may lead to misconceived expectations and flawed fisheries management; therefore, there is a need to operationalize ecosystem information through management procedures to support fisheries advice.     

海洋SOD抗疲劳作用动物实验方法初探

超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)具有防止细胞过度氧化的生理功能,从海洋生物中提取的SOD,可用于清除运动产生的自由基,起到抗疲劳作用.本文探讨了SOD抗疲劳作用的动物实验方法,为验证SOD抗疲劳效果建立技术平台.     

高湿地区板栗林下栽培模式的研究

对板栗林下栽培不同的经济作物进行研究.结果表明:板栗园套种短梗五加具有投资少,收益高,见效快的特点,并且具有保持水土,改善板栗园生态环境的功效.最高每667 m2较单一栽培多收入1 165.75元,是辽东板粟产业继续发展壮大的较理想模式.     

基于图像旋转投影的导航路径检测算

提出一种农业车辆视觉导航路径识别算法--旋转投影算法.该算法通过角度枚举对图像ROI实施旋转变换,由旋转后图像的列均值与枚举角度构成旋转投影矩阵R,对其行向量实施差分运算得到差分旋转投影矩阵Rd,由Rd的极值可确定图像导航路径,即航向偏差θ与航位偏差d,进而可以求得世界坐标系下的导航路径参数.同理可以对田头线进行检测.为了提高算法的实时性,提出设定合理的ROI、实施线性压缩、旋转角度先粗分再细分的二步法以及充分利用前帧信息4种处理方法,使处理一帧用时6.2ms左右.通过对不同条件下成熟小麦图像测试表明,该算法识别导航路径准确率达到95%.     

PLC及变频调速恒压喷灌系统的设计

针对喷灌系统受作业区域需水量的影响造成系统喷头不能稳定可靠工作的问题,结合工程实例,提出了利用PLC及变频器来实现温室喷灌系统恒压供水.给出了变频调速恒压供水系统原理图,并进行了系统的主电路设计和软件设计.阐述了利用上位机、PIC、变频器、压力变送器、电机-水泵系统等组成的恒压供水系统,能按照设定的工作压力,实时切换泵组投入工频或变频状态运行,达到恒压供水的目的.系统能通过上位机实现下位机的控制参数的设定、系统的实时监测、数据管理等任务,自动化程度高.应用表明,系统实现简单,操作方便,运行稳定,可靠,且具有较好的节能效果.     

地膜覆盖栽培对春小麦叶片衰老特性的影响

为了揭示春小麦在地膜栽培条件下是否早衰的问题,采用管栽模拟试验的方法,研究了地膜覆盖和露地栽培条件下春小麦叶片的叶绿素、蛋白质、叶片丙二醛(M DA)含量和细胞质膜相对透性的变化。结果表明,采用地膜覆盖栽培方法,在春小麦生长前期能明显提高叶片叶绿素和蛋白质的含量(日均增加量分别比露地春小麦高31.49%和7.94%),但后期又会加速其降解速率;M DA含量和细胞质膜相对透性均表现为覆膜处理高于露地处理(日均增加量分别比露地春小麦高71.96%~11.78%和2.42%~9.57%)。说明覆膜栽培可使春小麦提前进入正常衰老阶段,但由于其增温、保湿等效应,使春小麦生长量增加,穗粒数和穗粒重比露地春小麦提高22.95%和27.68%,表现出良好的增产效应。     

基于阵列芯片现场高灵敏同步快速检测粮油中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留混合污染

The quality and safety of agricultural products is the technique focus of the strategy of rural vitaliza⁃tion. Carbamate pesticide residues are seriously threatening the safety of agricultural product and human life and health. Nowadays, the common detection methods are instrument-based for carbamate pesticide residue, which dis⁃ satisfy the request of an on-site rapid, sensitive and simultaneous detection for multiple carbamate pesticide resi⁃ dues. Based on the home-made monoclonal antibodies against carbofuran and carbaryl respectivity, a microarray for rapid and simultaneous detection of multiple carbamate pesticide residues was developed within 30 min. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection（LODs）were found to be 0.11 and 0.09 ng/g, while the linear ranges were 0.33-3000 and 0.18-1500 ng/g for carbofuran and carbaryl respectively. By using spiked peanut samples, it recorded recoveries of 88.4%-98.3%, 90.1%-118.8% for carbofuran and carbaryl respectively. The RSD of intraarray were found at 9.0%, 3.5%, while the RSD of inter-array were recorded at 12.3%, 16.3% respectively. The de⁃ tection results of the microarray were highly consistent with that of HPLC-MS/MS. This proposed microarray provid⁃ ed an on-site high-sensitivity, simultaneous and rapid detection of carbofuran and carbaryl, and could be widely used in the fields of agricultural product quality safety, food safety and environmental monitoring.