迷迭香抗氧化剂和精油综合提取技术研究(Ⅲ)——超临界CO2萃取法

超临界CO2萃取(SCDE)法是迷迭香抗氧化剂和精油综合提取的有效方法之一.迷迭香抗氧化剂和精油超临界CO2萃取的优选条件为:萃取时间 4 h,夹带剂 95% 乙醇与迷迭香叶子的质量比为2∶5,萃取罐和分离器I的温度分别为50和 70 ℃,分离器II的温度为 40 ℃,萃取压力 20 MPa,分离压力为4～5 MPa.迷迭香精油的平均得率为 1.80%,迷迭香精油主要含有1,8 - 桉叶素、樟脑、α - 松油醇、龙脑、马鞭草烯酮、 4 - 松油醇、乙酸龙脑酯和芳樟醇等成分.迷迭香抗氧化剂的平均得率为 11.93%,主要含有鼠尾草酸、鼠尾草酚和迷迭香酸等活性成分,其质量分数分别为 23.61%、 7.33% 和 5.13%.     

厚朴总酚抗氧化作用及其机制研究进展

厚朴总酚是一种提取于传统中药厚朴的酚类混合物,主要包含厚朴酚、和厚朴酚两种有效活性成分,具有抗病毒、抗菌、抗炎和抗腹泻等多种生物学功能,而厚朴总酚的抗氧化作用则是其发挥生物学功能的重要基础。作者对厚朴总酚通过清除自由基、增强抗氧化酶活性和阻断脂质过氧化3种途径发挥其抗氧化作用的机制进行了综述,旨在为深入研究其抗氧化作用及作为“绿色”抗氧化剂应用于畜牧生产提供参考。     

石刁柏种子发芽特性的研究

研究了石刁柏种子发芽特性.结果表明:石刁柏种子发芽最适温度为25℃,有无光照对石刁柏种子发芽无明显影响,没有生理休眠期,浸种24 h时发芽率、发芽势最高,用不同浓度的GA3浸种16～24 h时,200mg/L的GA3提高发芽率效果最好、100～200 mg/L的GA3提高发芽势效果最好.     

迷迭香精油对几种植物病原菌的抑菌活性研究

采用生长速率法和抑菌圈法测定了迷迭香精油对甜瓜蔓枯病菌、西瓜炭疽病菌、甜瓜灰霉病菌、甜瓜枯萎病菌、梨树腐烂病菌、柑橘黑腐病菌、油菜菌核病菌、蚕豆轮纹病菌和桃细菌性穿孔病菌的抑菌活性.结果表明:迷迭香精油对8种病原真菌都具有很好的抑菌活性,其EC50分别为843.9914、1 084.2372、483.9457、1 735.5866、1 011.7869、901.2150、356.8803、1 197.3657 μL/L;对桃细菌性穿孔病菌也具有一定的抑菌活性,浓度为100 mL/L时,抑菌圈直径为1.00 cm,最低抑菌浓度为1 000 μL/L.     

凹叶厚朴在熊岳树木园的引种繁殖研究

总结了熊岳树木园凹叶厚朴的引种生长表现情况,并对凹叶厚朴的繁育技术提出了关键性的技术措施。     

巴戟天MoDXS基因及其启动子的克隆与分析

从药用植物巴戟天根部组织中克隆了3个1–脱氧–D–木酮糖5–磷酸合成酶基因MoDXS1、MoDXS2-1和MoDXS2-2,其全长cDNA分别为2 676、2 667和2 610 bp,编码区序列长度为2 154、2 121和2 190 bp,编码717、706和729个氨基酸。BlastP序列比对分析表明MoDXS蛋白与其他植物的DXS蛋白高度同源;系统进化发育树分析显示,MoDXS蛋白与中粒咖啡和小粒咖啡DXS蛋白亲缘关系最近。MoDXS1、MoDXS2-1和MoDXS2-2蛋白被分别归为clade 1、clade 3和clade 2。MoDXS1在巴戟天根中表达量最高;MoDXS2-1在巴戟天根、茎、叶中的相对表达量差异显著,叶中最高;MoDXS2-2在根中表达量最高,而在茎和叶中最低。MoDXS1、MoDXS2-1和MoDXS2-2基因的5′端上游启动子序列长度分别为2 538、732和1 744 bp。亚细胞定位预测3个MoDXS均在叶绿体上。     

种植密度和施磷肥对黄花草木樨种子产量的影响

适宜的种子生产技术是保证优良品种成功推广的重要基础。2014-2016年,在甘肃河西走廊地区研究了不同株距(30、45、60 cm)以及不同施磷肥量(0、40、80、120 kg·hm^-2 P₂O₅)对黄花草木樨两个品种‘天水’和‘Norgold’种子产量及产量构成因素的影响。结果表明,密度和施肥量以及二者的互作极显著影响黄花草木樨的实际种子产量(P<0.01)。 ‘天水’在60 cm株距和80 kg·hm^-2施磷肥条件下,两年的平均种子产量最高,为1234 kg·hm^-2;而对于‘Norgold’,2015和2016年皆为45 cm株距、80 kg·hm^-2施磷肥条件下的种子产量最高,分别为1613和1428 kg·hm^-2。通径分析表明,对种子产量影响最大的种子产量构成因素为生殖枝数。     

芦笋游离小孢子培养研究初报

以5个芦笋品种不同发育时期的花药为试验材料,进行芦笋游离小孢子培养,探索高频率获得雄核发育个体的技术途径,为芦笋全雄育种和杂种优势利用服务。初步试验结果表明:单核靠边期是小孢子适宜培养的最佳时期;不同的基因型之间小孢子愈伤组织诱导率差异显著;对花药小孢子进行变温预处理,其膨大率比对照高出6倍多,最高达到22.5%;小孢子培养的适宜培养基为MS加0.5 mg/L6-BA、1.0 mg/L NAA、0.2 mg/L2,4-D、400 mg/L Glu和6%的蔗糖。     

Pigmentation and growth performance in the blue gourami,Trichogaster trichopterus,fed marigold,Calendula officinalis,powder, a natural carotenoid source

The present study aimed to determine the effects of different levels of marigold, Calendula officinalis, powder, 0 (control), 0.5% (M0.5), 1.5% (M1.5), and 2.5% (M2.5), on pigmentation and growth performance of the blue gourami after a 70‐day trial. At the end of the experiment, no significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in fish growth performance and body compositions. Color parameters (L*, a*, and b*) were weekly evaluated by examining a point posterior to the fish operculum. The marigold‐fed fish were darker than the control fish at Weeks 9 and 10. Yellowness intensity of the M2.5 was significantly higher than the other treatments at Week 9. Skin and caudal fin total carotenoids, astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, and β‐carotene contents of the treatment M2.5 were significantly different (p < 0.05) compared to the other treatments. Muscle total carotenoids, astaxanthin, and canthaxanthin contents of the marigold‐treated fish were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the control group. Muscle β‐carotene contents of the treatments M1.5 and M2.5 were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the control group. This study shows that marigold powder may be considered an efficient natural carotenoid source for pigmentation in blue gourami.     

Early weaning of cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis,L.) with frozen grass shrimp (Palaemonetes varians) from the first day after hatching

The suitability of early weaning cuttlefish using frozen grass shrimp, and its effects on growth and mortality was determined in a 50‐day experiment. Three food groups were used. One group (C) was fed with live prey until 25th DAH and weaned with frozen prey until the end of the experiment. In the other two groups, weaning started at the fifth DAH (W5) and first DAH (W1), also with frozen diet. Significant differences were found between C and the remaining treatments (P < 0.05) for mean wet weight (MWW), instantaneous growth rate (IGR), biomass (B) and mortality at the 25th and the 50th DAH. Despite the lower growth (~1/3 of the achieved with live food) and higher mortality (3% obtained by C versus 23% in the W1 and W5 groups), C cuttlefish presented a similar weight gain tendency to W1 and W5 groups after weaning. This is the first record of early acceptance (at the first DAH) of frozen food by cuttlefish hatchlings. These differences could be related with digestive enzymes of cuttlefish and prey, changes in nutritional composition and amount of captured prey, etc. Future research should also address the effects of this early weaning on cuttlefish life cycle.