Nitrogen nutrition of asparagus seedlings

Asparagus seedlings (cv. Limbras 10) were grown in a glasshouse for 20 weeks with five levels of nitrogen liquid feed. Growth was greatly retarded at low N rates. Best growth occurred with weekly feeds of 200–300 mg N/litre. Total nitrogen concentrations of these plants were 3.5–4.5% N (dry weight). Nitrate nitrogen concentrations were 600–1500 yg N/g.     

广西野生稻资源抗稻瘟病材料的鉴定与评价

 经过3代自交纯化与稻瘟病抗性鉴定,在1500份普通野生稻(Oryza rufipogon Griff.)中发现38份抗病材料,在113份药用野生稻(O. officinalis Wall. ex Watt.)中发现18份抗病材料。普通野生稻和药用野生稻相同材料在不同年份的田间病区诱发鉴定中,各级抗性植株分布差异不显著,鉴定结果表现一致。与普通野生稻相比,广西药用野生稻抗性基因发生的频率显著较高、抗性稳定,是一种特殊抗性类型,从中获得具有重要利用价值的新抗性基因的可能性较大。研究还表明,自交提纯能够明显提高这两种野生稻的平均抗性水平。在田间病区诱发条件下,广西普通野生稻抗性材料出现的频率与地区居群的遗传多样性没有显著相关性。     

Comparative Embryological Studies on Infertility of Interspecific Hybridizations Between Oryza sativa with Different Ploidy Levels and O. officinalis

As maternal parents, diploid (L202-2x) and autotetraploid (L202-4x) of Oryza sativa cv. L202 were crossed with O. officinalis. Embryo development and fertilization in these two crosses were comparatively studied. There were no mature hybrid seeds obtained because all the hybridized spikelets died 30 days after pollination. The main reasons for no seed set were abnormal fertilization and development of the embryos and endosperms in the interspecific hybrids. There were double- fertilization, egg cell single-fertilization and non-fertilization in these crosses. Although 59.45% and 54.87% of hybrid embryos produced in the crosses of L202-2x/O. officinalis and L202-4x/O. officinalis, respectively, hybrid embryos ceased to develop or degenerated and plenty of free endosperm nuclei were in disaggregating state without developing cellular endosperms three days after pollination. Besides, some embryological differences in these two crosses were found, that is, the rate of double-fertilization and total rate of double- and single-fertilization in L202-2x/O. officinalis were higher than those in L202-4x/O. officinalis. The embryo and endosperm of hybrids developed more slowly, and embryos and free endosperm nuclei were more severely degenerated in L202-4x/O. officinalis than in L202-2x/O. officinalis. Five days after pollination, a few of embryos in L202-2x/O. officinalis developed into pear-shaped ones, however, embryos in L202-4x/O. officinalis were all degenerated. Therefore, it is more difficult to obtain interspecific hybrids by wide crosses between autotetraploid of O. sativa and O. officinalis.     

地榆根中低聚原花青素的提取工艺

考察了溶剂浓度、原料粒度、料液比、浸提温度、浸提时间、浸提次数等6个因素对地榆根低聚原花青素提取率的影响,确立了地榆根低聚原花青素的较佳提取条件为:以60%乙醇水溶液为提取剂,原料粒度为40~60目,料液比1∶12,浸提温度50℃,浸提4次,每次1 h。浸提浓缩液加入一定量饱和NaCl溶液,低温离心过滤后,用2倍量乙酸乙酯萃取3次,纯化后提取物中低聚原花青素质量分数达56.86%,低聚原花青素得率为绝干原料的3.42%。     

山茱萸总苷提取工艺研究

[目的]研究山茱萸中山茱萸总苷的最佳提取工艺。[方法]以四川产山茱萸鲜果为材料提取山茱萸总苷,采用单因素和正交试验优选提取工艺,并进行验证试验。[结果]50%乙醇是山茱萸总苷的最佳提取溶剂。当料液比为1∶4时,提取液中总苷的含量最大。随着提取时间的延长,山茱萸总苷的含量逐渐增加,2～6h增幅最大,时间再延长,总苷含量没有明显增加。随着提取次数的增加,总苷含量呈上升趋势,但提取3次后,所得固形物很少。提取次数对山茱萸总苷含量的影响最显著,然后是料液比、提取时间。[结论]山茱萸中山茱萸总苷的最佳提取工艺是50%乙醇提取,料液比1∶3,提取6h,提取3次,总苷含量达10.016mg/ml,RSD为2.52%。该研究为山茱萸总苷的进一步研究奠定了基础。     

微波消解-原子吸收法测定青竹标中的金属元素

[目的]建立一种简便、快捷测定青竹标中8种金属元素含量的方法。[方法]采用微波消解对中草药青竹标进行消解,并在火焰原子吸收光谱仪器最佳工作条件下,用标准曲线法测定其所含锌、铜、铁、锰、镉、铬、镁、钙8种金属元素的含量。[结果]青竹标中含有较丰富的Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe、Zn、Cr。方法的检出限均小于0.007 2μg/ml,加标回收率95.1%~105.7%,相对标准偏差RSD≤2.99%。[结论]微波消解-原子吸收法处理青竹标,具有快速、简便、节省试剂、消解完全等特点,测定结果的精密度和准确度令人满意。     

新型资源植物迷迭香营养器官的解剖学研究

针对贵州喀斯特脆弱生态区日益恶劣的生态环境,以区域可持续发展为目标,利用石蜡切片和扫描电镜观察的方法,对新型资源植物迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis)进行解剖学研究。得出以下结论：迷迭香根的结构多为次生结构,由周皮和维管组织组成,导管数量多且较大;茎中周皮疏松,并有少数气孔,木质部发达和有密集的髓射线;叶片下表面密被绒毛,圆型气孔密度大,开度小,角质层厚,发育良好的维管束和栅栏组织等结构。该植物的解剖结构与其生态环境相适应,体现了结构与功能的统一。     

不同山茱萸种质资源形态和ISSR遗传多样性研究

利用形态特征和ISSR标记对35份山茱萸种质资源进行遗传多样性分析,利用NTSYSpc-2．11F软件分析遗传相似系数,UPGMA方法聚类,构建亲缘关系系统图。结果表明,35份山茱萸在9个性状上差异明显;分子标记中9条引物共得到条扩增条带179条,其中有164条呈现多态性,占91．6％,遗传相似系数变化范围O．575-0．877。对其进行数据化处理后聚类,35份山茱萸材料可划分为2个类群6小组,材料的聚类结果与地理分布、形态特征有一定的相关性。     

肥皂草的嫩枝扦插繁殖和栽培管理技术

太原市植物研究中心2005年从东北引进了新优地被植物肥皂草,它有很高的观赏价值和生态效益。通过近4年的引种试验,证明该品种适应太原地区气候和土壤条件,是很有发展潜力的优良绿化地被品种。对肥皂草进行嫩枝扦插繁殖试验,结果表明,用浓度为500 mg/kg的NAA处理4 h,肥皂草扦插生根率和成活率能达到90%以上,成活率很高。并对其栽培管理技术进行了总结。     

迷迭香抗氧化剂和精油综合提取技术研究(Ⅰ)——两步提取法

极性溶剂和非极性溶剂的两步提取法是迷迭香抗氧化剂和精油综合提取的有效方法,操作简单,容易实施。迷迭香抗氧化剂和精油两步综合提取的合理条件为:粉碎的迷迭香叶子,极性溶剂95%乙醇,90℃提取3~4 h,提取物再经非极性溶剂60~90℃石油醚提取。迷迭香精油的提取得率为1.50%,其成分分析显示为西班牙型;迷迭香抗氧化剂的提取得率为16.08%,活性炭脱色精制得率为85.00%,迷迭香抗氧化剂主要含有鼠尾草酸、鼠尾草酚和迷迭香酸等活性成分,它们的平均含量分别为17.78%、6.23%和3.37%。