不同基因型刺梨及其近缘种亲缘关系的RAPD分析*

采用RAPD标记，对刺梨(Rosa roxburghii Tratt)7个基因型及8个近缘种(类型)进行鉴定和亲缘关系分析。结果表明，筛选出的16个随机引物可扩增出137条480bp到3.3kb大小的清晰。DNA片段，其中95条为多态性片段，为总数的69．3％；每个引物平均产生8．6条。由OPB-11、OPAF-16和OPW-02扩增的14条特异DNA片段，可有效地将普通刺梨7个基因型和无籽刺梨区分开来。基于遗传距离矩阵，采用IJPGMA法对15个供试样品的亲缘关系进行了聚类分析，文中还就无籽刺梨及重瓣刺梨的可能来源进行了探讨。     

樱草蔷薇种实性状的观察与测定

以庭院栽植的樱草蔷薇为材料,对种实与观赏性状进行观测与研究,结果表明:株间种实性状存在显著差异,最显著的特征是:果实颜色,1号树为蓝黑色,2号树为紫红色;种皮颜色,1号树为紫红色,而2号树则为黄褐色略带紫红色成分;种子重量,1号树为22.4 g,2号树为26.1 g.此外,1号树的果实具有较长的宿存期.     

白木香离体培养及高频率植株的再生

以野生白木香Rosa banksiae var. Normalis茎段为外植体,探讨了不同生长调节物质对外植体分化、增殖和生根的影响,并对栽培基质与移栽技术进行研究.结果表明,利于白木香分化的诱导培养基为MS 2.0 mg·L-16-BA 0.1 mg·L-1NAA;MS 2.0 mg·L-16-BA 0.05 mg·L-1NAA作增殖培养基效果最好,增殖率为5.5;利于生根的培养基为1/2MS 0.2 mg·L-1IBA 0.2 mg·L-1NAA;移栽基质为蛭石 珍珠岩 腐叶土(1:1:1)效果最好,成活率98%,且苗生长健壮.建立了白木香高效再生体系.表4参10     

玫瑰嫁接苗快速繁育技术的研究

采用加温及激素处理、接穗贮藏等措施，研究了冬季室内嫁接育苗、春季芽接育苗及秋季绿枝嫁接育苗的技术方法．结果表明嫁接成活率分别是对照的１．１７倍、０．９３倍和１．２２倍，成苗率分别提高２５．５％、２３．９％和１４．８％，育苗周期缩短一年，产苗量增加一倍，平均育苗效率为对照的６．４倍．     

水土保持植物──刺梨的早实丰产研究

该根据定位观测和实地调查资料，分析了刺梨的生长状况与生态条件的关系，在汉中地区连续进行的刺梨栽培技术研究表明：刺梨生长与土壤含水量，气温，施肥，良种，栽培技术有密切关系。为了达到早实丰产，特提出相应的刺梨栽培措施。     

链格孢菌毒素对中国月季主要营养物质含量的影响

用链格孢菌毒素细交链孢菌酮酸(TeA)处理中国月季叶片后,用凯氏定氮法、烘干法、蒽酮比色法和电感偶合等离子发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)分别测定处理2、6、10、14、20 d后,处理部位叶片和位于处理叶片上方和下方的叶片中蛋白质、水分、可溶性糖和矿质元素的含量。结果表明：与健康叶片相比,用TeA处理后的叶片其蛋白质、水分和可溶性糖含量均明显下降,蛋白质含量变化较复杂,在处理6 d后,其含量显著增加,之后又随处理时间的增加而降低。蛋白质含量从208.41 mg/g降低至45.09 mg/g;水分含量从77.36%下降到69.56%,下降了7.79%;可溶性糖含量从12.58 mg/g降低到8.45 mg/g。中国月季用链格孢菌毒素TeA处理后多种矿质元素含量发生变化,Ca、Mg、K、S、P、Zn等元素含量降低,Al、Cu、Mn、Na等元素含量升高。并且TeA处理具有空间效应,对位于处理部位上方和下方的叶片的营养元素都有影响。     

野生玫瑰组培快繁育苗技术的研究

以野生玫瑰当年生去叶带芽嫩茎为试验材料进行组培繁殖育苗技术研究。结果表明,野生玫瑰的外植体诱导丛生芽的最佳培养基配方为MS BA3.0 mg.L-1 NAA0.3 mg.L-1,最佳继代培养基为MS BA3.0 mg.L-1 NAA0.1 mg.L-1,增殖率达4.95倍;最佳生根培养基配方为1/2MS NAA0.1 mg.L-1,生根率达99%以上。     

月季花瓣丝氨酸蛋白酶基因RhSep1的克隆及生物信息学分析

利用RT-PCR技术,从切花月季品种"Samantha"中克隆丝氨酸蛋白酶基因RhSep1。利用生物信息学技术对所得到的丝氨酸蛋白酶RhSep1序列进行结构与功能预测。结果表明:RhSep1基因全长2 442 bp,开放阅读框编码769个氨基酸,推定该丝氨酸蛋白酶分子质量为80.48 kD。通过NCBI和MEROPS肽酶数据库等对Rh-Sep1进行Protein Blast,发现RhSep1具有肽酶S8₃家族SA的典型结构域Petidase_S8₃（序列为Tyr-108-Leu-341）和PA_subtilisin_like的结构域（序列为Tyr-348-Ile-474）。预测RhSep1可能具有信号肽、明显疏水区和典型跨膜区,同时RhSep1氨基酸序列中存在较多蛋白激酶C和酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点、豆蔻酰化位点。这些活性位点往往与蛋白的磷酸化、G蛋白相互作用等信号转导事件有关,RhSep1可能存在复杂的蛋白水平调控机制。     

Distribution of Megastigmus aculeatus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) and the levels of seed predation of Rosa multiflora (Rosaceae)

Rosa multiflora Thunb. (Rosaceae), an invasive plant that currently infests millions of hectares in the eastern half of the USA, was planted initially in the 1940s as a “living fence”, cover for game animals and for erosion control. The larvae of Megastigmus aculeatus var. nigroflavus Hoffmeyer (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) feed on the developing R. multiflora seeds and have the potential to reduce the seed output of R. multiflora. Rosehips were collected from 49 sites across eastern and southern Iowa, USA, to determine the presence and distribution of M. aculeatus, the larvae of which were found in 266 of the 979 (27%) rosehips that were dissected and at 31 of the 49 sites (63%) that were sampled. The levels of M. aculeatus infestation over 2–3 years were determined at three selected sites and it was documented that more seeds were aborted than were viable or contained wasp larvae. A negative relationship was observed between the numbers of both the aborted and the viable seeds and the probability of a rosehip being attacked by M. aculeatus, indicating that M. aculeatus females are not preferentially selecting rosehips with higher numbers of viable or aborted seeds for oviposition. There is a significant reduction in both the viable seeds and the aborted seeds in hips that have been attacked by M. aculeatus. Detailed knowledge of R. multiflora demography is necessary to determine the level of seed predation that is required to reduce the recruitment of new individuals into the population.     

Reproductive barriers to hybridizations between narrow-leaf and broad-leaf Anoectochilus roxburghii

Narrow-leaf and broad-leaf Anoectochilus roxburghii were used as reciprocal parents to explore the reason for low seed setting rate. Pollen-pistil interaction was observed by fluorescence microscopy and hybrid embryo development by paraffin section technology. The results indicated that pollen tube growth could reach the embryo sac, and double fertilization could be completed. These findings showed that a pre-fertilization barrier was not the major factor in the cross of narrow-leaf and broad-leaf A. roxburghii. The endosperm development of the hybrid was abnormal and eventually promoted abortion of the embryos. A post-fertilization barrier appears to be the major factor for low seed setting rate in the cross of narrow-leaf and broad-leaf A. roxburghii. In addition, an efficient protocol of embryo rescue, the development of which is reported elsewhere, was used to compare the time needed for rescue between the reciprocal crosses.