Improvement of essential oil yield of oil-bearing (Rosa damascena Mill.) due to surfactant and maceration

The essential oil content of the oil-bearing rose (Rosa damascene Mill.) is relatively low, around 0.3-0.4 mL kg⁻¹ in fresh flowers. There is a need to increase essential oil yield of oil-bearing rose. The objective was to examine the effect of Tween 20 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate) applied with, or without, maceration of flowers on oil content and composition of oil-bearing rose harvested at beginning of flowering, full bloom, and end of flowering. Addition of Tween 20 at 1000 mL L⁻¹ and 2500 mL L⁻¹ increased essential oil yield by 26% (to 0.44 mL kg⁻¹) and 54% (to 0.54 mL kg⁻¹) respectively relative to the untreated control that gave 0.35 mL kg⁻¹ yield. Maceration, in combination with the addition of Tween 20 at 1000 mL L⁻¹ and Tween 20 at 2500 mL L⁻¹, increased oil yield by 69% (to 0.59 mL kg⁻¹) and 94% (to 0.68 mL kg⁻¹) respectively. Among the three phenological phases of harvest, harvesting at the beginning of flowering gave the highest yield followed by the full bloom and then by the end of flowering phases. Since the interaction effect was not significant, the differences obtained among the treatments were regardless of the phase, and vice versa. Treatments did not significantly alter composition of the essential oil. Postharvest pre-extraction application of Tween 20 in combination with maceration could be used in the rose industry for increasing the essential oil yield.     

典型喀斯特山区无籽刺梨基地土壤质量评价

以贵州省兴仁县回龙镇无籽刺梨种植基地为研究对象,综合考虑表征土壤物理、化学和生物学性质的16个土壤指标,利用数理统计方法确定最小数据集并评价土壤质量,同时根据划分样方所在坡位的不同,对其相应的土壤质量评价结果进行了对比分析。结果表明:(1)研究区土壤质量评价适用的最小数据集(MDS)包括土壤有机质、pH值、全钾、水解氮、真菌和磷酸酶;(2)研究区上坡位、中坡位和下坡位土壤质量属于中等及以下水平,SQI依次为0.544,0.408,0.503;(3)影响该地区土壤质量的重要指标为土壤有机质和土壤真菌数量。     

金线莲栽培基质筛选试验

以福建金线莲组培生根苗为材料,研究泥炭土、珍珠岩、腐殖土和园土4种栽培基质对其成活率和生长的影响,结果表明,泥炭土基质最适宜金线莲生长,其30 d移栽成活率为90.33%,60 d平均株高6.34 cm,每株鲜重2.56 g。     

刺梨—松花粉复合饮料的稳定性研究

以刺梨原汁、松花粉为主要原料,通过单因素实验及正交试验,对刺梨-松花粉复合饮料稳定性进行研究,筛选出最优均质条件和最佳稳定剂。结果表明:均质压力、温度、次数为分别为30 MPa、50℃、2次;复合稳定剂为黄原胶为0.08%、果胶为0.2%和果汁饮料稳定剂为0.12%时,复合饮料稳定效果最佳。     

Isolation and Screening of Black Spot-Resistant Endophytic Fungi Strains from Rosa chinensis

[Objective] This study aimed to isolate and screen black-spot-resistant en- dophytic fungi strains. [Method] Various species of healthy Rosa chinensis were col- lected from Xi＇an, Xianyang, Baoji and Weinan City in Shaanxi Province. Endophytic fungi was isolated from stems and leaves, and purified by 2-3 times of inoculation to screen endophytic fungi antagonistic to Marssonina rosae with modified punching method. [Result] Samples collected from Xianyang exhibited the highest colonization rate and isolation rate; endophytic fungi strains isolated from stems presented the highest colonization rate and isolation rate compared with leaves. A total of 67 en- dophytic fungi strains were isolated from Rosa chinensis, including 3 black spot-re- sistant strains which were all derived from Baoji. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for further screening candidate strains of biocontrol fungi and environ- ment-friendly fungal biological control.     

观果型玫瑰新品种‘美果玫AF’

 ‘美果玫AF’是从玫瑰种群中选育出的观果型新品种。花色紫红,单瓣。果实红色扁圆形,长径1.96 ~ 2.48 cm,最长3.48 cm,短径小于1.5 cm。果期较长,从5月可挂果至10月。具有较高的观花和观果价值。     

不同海拔来源宽刺蔷薇的光合日变化及其生理机制

以来源于不同海拔高度的3个新疆宽刺蔷薇1年生实生苗为材料,在引种地北京测定光合作用日变化以及13:00的荧光参数、抗氧化生理指标.结果表明,来源不同海拔的宽刺蔷薇植株都在9:00以后出现净光合速率的持续降低,在上午受到气孔限制,中午则主要受非气孔限制,即PS Ⅱ反应中心活性的影响.各植株在13:00均受到不同程度的光抑制,与来源中、低海拔植株相比,来源高海拔的植株PS Ⅱ反应中心活性与热耗散能力均显著降低,即发生了更显著的光抑制效应;POD、APX酶活性以及AsA/DHA等酶类和非酶类抗氧化物质在高海拔来源植株中显著升高,以抵抗光氧化胁迫,但仍然造成了过剩的活性氧累积以及植物组织的膜脂过氧化伤害.     

皖西野生金樱子的初步研究

本文对皖西野生金樱子的生物学特性、营养成分及开发利用的价值等方面进行了初步研究。结果表明，金樱子果实含有丰富的营养物质，尤其富含Ｖｃ，是一种有待开发而且开发潜力很大的野生资源。     

部分蔷薇（Rosa multiflora）属植物的RAPD分析

蔷薇作为园林观赏植物,在中国城市绿化中应用较为广泛,但目前应用的蔷薇品种较为混杂,尚无系统研究。本研究采用RAPD技术对部分蔷薇属植物进行亲缘关系的分析,旨在进一步明确蔷薇种、品种,为引种育种以及材料选择提供参考。对蔷薇属植物的2个种、1个变种、20个品种进行了RAPD分析,16个引物对供试蔷薇材料PCR扩增获得175条谱带,其中多态性条带151条（86.3％）表现出丰富的遗传多态性。且不同花色系蔷薇属植物间的遗传多态性不同,白色系75.16％,粉红色系73.46％,黄色系37.50％。利用UPGMA法构建树状聚类图,蔷薇属植物的2个种、1个变种、20个品种在阂值为0.667处被分划为两大类群,这两大类群间的遗传距离较近,黄蔷薇与黄刺枚单独被划分为一个类群,与上述两类群间的遗传距离较远。聚类结果显示出了蔷薇的演化趋势：白色、单瓣是蔷薇较为原始的一个性状,花径大、重瓣性高是现代蔷薇栽培品种的性状,而部分粉红色半重瓣蔷薇则是从野生种到现代栽培品种的中间过渡类型。     

紫枝玫瑰（Rosa glaucca pourr）的引种栽培

为丰富我国北方寒冷地区彩色植物品种,黑龙江省森林植物园于1989年从丹麦引进紫枝玫瑰种子并进行播种育苗。十年的栽培试验研究发现,紫枝玫瑰在引种地生长良好,性状稳定,抗寒性强,无病虫害,是一种优良的四季观赏灌木。可通过扦插或播种方法进行繁殖。