甜菜硝酸还原酶活性研究

试验表明,甜菜幼苗期至叶丛快速生长期,叶片中的NR活性迅速上升至最高水平,以后缓慢下降,到糖分积累期迅速下降到最低水平。外源基质条件下NR活性较内源基质条件下高出10倍至几10倍,在高氮条件下NR活性下降.甜菜具有极高的NO_3~-还原潜力。叶片中还原糖含量和NR活性在整个营养生长期均表现为负相关,蔗糖含量与NR活性在糖分积累期呈显著负相关,含氮率与NR活性在各生育时期均呈正相关。外源基质对NR活性的影响随施氮量提高而下降。     

根构型分析在豆科作物磷效率研究中的应用

本文对根构型的概念、根构型的研究方法及豆科作物根构型与磷效率的关系进行了论述.初步研究表明,豆科作物根构型的一些指标(根重、根长、根吸收面积等)与磷效率具有较好的相关性.建议拟合具有普遍意义的根构型综合指标,指导豆科作物磷效率遗传性状改良.     

The effect of four different pasture species compositions on nitrate leaching losses under high N loading

Nitrate () leaching can cause elevated concentrations of ‐N in water, which can have adverse impacts on water quality and human health. In grazed pasture systems, most of the ‐N leaching occurs beneath animal urine‐N deposits. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of four different pasture species compositions [perennial ryegrass/white clover (P. ryegrass WC), tall fescue/white clover (T. fescue WC), Italian ryegrass/white clover (It. ryegrass WC) and perennial ryegrass/Italian ryegrass/white clover/red clover/chicory/plantain (Diverse)] on ‐N leaching losses from animal urine patches, and to examine the relative importance of root system architecture and seasonal activity to reduce ‐N leaching losses. The results show that ‐N leaching losses were 24–54% lower beneath It. ryegrass WC than other pasture species. Total dry matter (DM) yield in the season following establishment was 11–58% greater in the It. ryegrass WC pasture, while average winter daily N uptake rate of It. ryegrass WC over the two seasons was on average 58% greater than P. ryegrass WC and T. fescue WC. In the second season, the P. ryegrass WC and T. fescue WC pastures had up to 140 and 82% more roots between 0 and 40 cm depth, respectively, than the other pasture species compositions. These results suggest that in grazed pasture systems, high plant winter activity (plant growth/root metabolic activity) is more important than specific root architecture (e.g. deep roots) to reduce ‐N leaching losses.     

两种边坡生态修复模式土壤肥力与酶活性的变化

[目的]研究不同修复技术处理对边坡土壤酶活性的长期影响,以期为土壤地力培育提供理论依据。[方法]以向家坝水电站工程扰动区代表性的天然次生林以及人工次生林为基础,测定不同坡位以及坡向土壤酶活性,探讨土壤酶活性的变化规律,分析酶活性与其他肥力因子间的相互关系。[结果]不论阴坡还是阳坡,两种林地坡面地形部位(上坡位、中坡位、下坡位),除土壤pH值降低以外,下坡位肥力因子均显著提高1.1倍以上,酶活性水平与肥力因子变化基本一致。除过氧酶活性增长不显著外,磷酸酶活性增长91.67%~116.67%,脲酶活性增长5.3%~30.01%,蔗糖酶活性增长1.38~1.56倍;阴坡各项指标均高于阳坡,除过氧酶以外,都增长显著。相关性分析表明,两种修复技术下,碱性磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶两两之间的正相关关系均达到极显著水平,但与过氧化氢酶活性之间相关性均不显著。[结论]研究区肥力因子总体上呈现空间分布不均匀,沿着坡体从上至下依次增加,北坡高南坡低的趋势,说明坡位坡向影响着土壤内环境的变化进程,因此对于此类边坡坡顶和阳面的二次修复,适当追肥可以更好地进行地力培育和生态修复。     

不同产区青稞根部可培养内生固氮菌的多样性研究

为认识青稞内生固氮菌群落组成,丰富内生固氮菌资源,明确产地对青稞内生固氮菌多样性的影响,本研究利用纯培养技术分别对在拉萨、林芝、日喀则栽培的藏青2000根部内生固氮菌进行分离、纯化,并测定各菌株的固氮酶活性及高固氮酶活性菌株的溶磷、溶钾及产IAA特性,最后,通过16SrDNA基因测序和构建系统发育树研究了高固氮酶活性菌株的分类学地位。结果显示,通过Ashby培养基分离、纯化得到内生固氮菌37株,其中,具有高固氮酶活性的11株,占总分离菌株27%,有6株菌株具有分泌IAA的能力,2株具有溶钾能力,1株具有溶磷能力。16S rDNA测序结果表明,11株高固氮酶活性的菌中,有5株菌属于Bacillus,为优势菌属,其余菌株分别属于Gemmatimonas、Sphingomonas、Devosia、Agrobacterium、Mesorhizobium和Burkholderia。     

Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Effects of Diterpenes Isolated from the Marine Alga,Dictyota menstrualis

Cardiovascular diseases represent a major cause of disability and death worldwide. Therapeutics are available, but they often have unsatisfactory results and may produce side effects. Alternative treatments based on the use of natural products have been extensively investigated, because of their low toxicity and side effects. Marine organisms are prime candidates for such products, as they are sources of numerous and complex substances with ecological and pharmacological effects. In this work, we investigated, through in vitro experiments, the effects of three diterpenes (pachydictyol A, isopachydictyol A and dichotomanol) from the Brazilian marine alga, Dictyota menstrualis, on platelet aggregation and plasma coagulation. Results showed that dichotomanol inhibited ADP- or collagen-induced aggregation of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), but failed to inhibit washed platelets (WP). In contrast, pachydictyol A and isopachydictyol A failed to inhibit the aggregation of PRP, but inhibited WP aggregation induced by collagen or thrombin. These diterpenes also inhibited coagulation analyzed by the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time and on commercial fibrinogen. Moreover, diterpenes inhibited the catalytic activity of thrombin. Theoretical studies using the Osiris Property Explorer software showed that diterpenes have low theoretical toxicity profiles and a drug-score similar to commercial anticoagulant drugs. In conclusion, these diterpenes are promising candidates for use in anticoagulant therapy, and this study also highlights the biotechnological potential of oceans and the importance of bioprospecting to develop medicines.     

油稻免耕种植模式的土壤理化特性和酶活性

2016年,在湖南省益阳市南县免耕试验基地开始设计不同种植模式处理;2018—2020年,采集冬闲–稻(IR)、冬闲–稻–稻(IRR)、油–稻(OR)、油–稻–稻(ORR)等4种油稻种植模式的土壤样品,测定土壤的容重、微团聚体、养分和酶活性,探究免耕条件下不同油稻种植模式对土壤理化特性和酶活性的影响。结果表明：2018、2019年,同一年内不同油稻种植模式土壤容重间的差异无统计学意义;2020年,IR和IRR的土壤容重显著高于OR和ORR的;2020年,OR和ORR的0.250～1.000mm粒级微团聚体质量分数较2018年的分别降低了52.04%和49.41%,不同种植模式对大粒级(>0.010mm)微团聚体质量分数的影响较大,对小粒级(<0.010mm)的影响较小;2018、2019年,同一年内4种种植模式土壤有机质质量分数间的差异无统计学意义,2020年,ORR的土壤有机质质量分数显著高于其他模式的;同一年内,OR、ORR的土壤速效钾质量分数显著低于IR、IRR的,ORR的土壤纤维素酶、磷酸酶活性均较IRR的高。可见,免耕条件下,油–稻和油–稻–稻种植模式可减缓土壤的...     

抗菌肽的活性机制及其分子设计研究进展

抗菌肽是生物体在抵抗外来微生物入侵时产生的一类防御性小肽,在自然界分布广泛,是机体先天免疫系统的重要组成部分。与传统的抗生素相比,抗菌肽分子质量小、水溶性好、热稳定性好、抗菌机理独特、具有广谱的抗细菌、抗病毒、抗真菌、抗肿瘤等活性,且不易诱发细菌产生耐药性等特点。随着细菌耐药问题不断出现及新型抗菌肽的陆续发现,抗菌肽的抗菌活性、溶血性及细胞毒性的机制已成为研究的热点。笔者主要对抗菌肽的分子改造及活性机制的最近研究进展进行阐述,以期为抗菌肽的分子设计改造和应用提供科学的参考依据。     

牦牛睾丸附睾LDH同工酶表达模式的研究

利用比色法和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对６、１２、１８、２４月龄半血野牦牛,横交半血野牦牛和家牦牛睾丸、附睾组织ＬＤＨ同工酶活性及谱带表达进行测析。结果表明,睾丸、附睾ＬＤＨ在相同月龄其表达模式不同,６月龄睾丸ＬＤＨ有四条酶谱,活性百分率依次（ＬＤＨ１〉ＬＤＨ３〉ＬＤＨ２〉ＬＤＨ４）附睾只有三条酶谱（ＬＤＨ１〉ＬＤＨ２〉ＬＤＨ３）;到１２、１８月龄时,睾丸ＬＤＨ有五条酶谱（ＬＤＨ１〉ＬＤＨ３〉ＬＤＨ４     

Antitumor activity of Paecilomyces tenuipes polysaccharide and its mechanism in vitro

AIM:To investigate the antitumor activity and mechanism of Paecilomyces tenuipes polysaccharide(PTPS).METHODS:PTPS-I was obtained by water extraction and alcohol precipitation, and purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography. Human erythroleukemia cell line K562, laryngocarcinoma cell line Hep2 and hepatic carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721were co-cultured with PTPS-I or the conditioned medium which prepared with PTPS-I-stimulated human mononuclear cells (PTPS-I-MNC-CM), and the proliferation of tumor cells was determined. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to determine the proliferation of MNCs. The FQ-RT-PCR was applied to investigate the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA in MNCs. RESULTS:PTPS-I-MNC-CM inhibited the proliferation of K562, Hep2 and SMMC-7721 cells in vitro (P<0.01). Cytotoxicity of PTPS-I against K562, Hep2 and SMMC-7721 cells was not observed (P<0.01). PTPS-I stimulated the proliferation of MNCs (P<0.01) and significantly enhanced the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA in MNCs (P<0.05, P<0.01). CONCLUSION:The results suggest that PTPS-I is an immunomodulator and its antitumoral activity is through the immunomodulatory mechanism rather than the direct cytotoxicity against tumor cells.