Effects of dietary thiamin supplement on growth,body composition and intestinal enzyme activities of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

A total of 1050 juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) (8.20 ± 0.02 g) were fed diets containing seven graded levels of thiamin (0.25, 0.48, 0.79, 1.06, 1.37, 1.63 and 2.65 mg kg^?1) for 60 days to investigate the effects of thiamin on growth, body composition and digestive enzyme activities. Percent weight gain (PWG), feed intake and feed efficiency (FE) were the lowest in fish fed the basal diet (P < 0.05). Protein productive value and lipid productive value increased with increasing dietary thiamin levels up to 1.06 and 0.79 mg kg^?1 diet, respectively (P < 0.05). Body protein and lipid increased with increasing dietary thiamin levels (P < 0.05), while moisture and ash of fish carcasses decreased with the increase in dietary thiamin supplementation (P < 0.05). Intestinal folds height had a similar trend to PWG (P < 0.05). Activities of α‐amylase, lipase, trypsin, Na⁺, K⁺‐ATPase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase in intestine were all affected by the dietary thiamin (P < 0.05). In conclusion, thiamin could improve growth and intestinal enzyme activities of juvenile Jian carp. The dietary thiamin requirement of juvenile Jian carp (8.0–60.2 g) based on PWG was 1.02 mg kg^?1 diet.     

芙蓉鲤鲫(芙蓉鲤♀×红鲫♂)的性腺组织学及繁殖性能研究

采用解剖观察、组织切片及人工催情等方法,研究芙蓉鲤鲫(Cyprinus capiofurong.♀×Carassius auratus red var.♂)的性腺发育及繁殖性能。结果显示:解剖观察,芙蓉鲤鲫性腺发育异常的个体占83.64%,性腺外观基本正常的个体占16.36%。组织学观察,芙蓉鲤鲫性腺可分三类:两性嵌合体占21.13%,其中以精巢为主的16.90%,以卵巢为主的4.23%,它们性腺发育迟缓,在繁殖季节成熟系数也没有明显变化,性腺多为一侧发育或两侧不对称,两种性腺细胞均不能成熟;雌性个体占40.84%,在生殖季节卵巢可发育到第IV时相,但未见其细胞核发生偏移;雄性个体,占38.03%,在生殖季节只能发育到精子细胞阶段,不能产生成熟的精子。经人工催产,芙蓉鲤鲫少部分个体有发情产卵行为但不能正常受精。结果表明芙蓉鲤鲫为两性败育类型。     

鲤IGF-Ⅰ基因2个高度多态微卫星位点的鉴定及其与生长相关性状的关联分析

利用PCR结合测序方法,在鲤(Cyprinus carpio)类胰岛素生长因子-Ⅰ(insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ,IGF-Ⅰ)基因内含子1和内含子2中各鉴定1个微卫星多态性位点,分别命名为intron1189和intron2310,这两个位点均以4碱基为重复单元.以黑龙江鲤(Cyprinus cario haematopterus,YL)(n=263)、德国镜鲤选育系(Cyprinus carpio L.mirror,JL)(n=229),及荷包红鲤抗寒品系(Cyprinus carpio var.wuyuanensis,HL)(n=255)为研究对象,评估了这两个位点不同基因型(频率＞3％)与鲤4个生长时段(135 d、325 d、335 d和445 d)生长表型的关联.结果显示,2个位点在3个鲤群体中均表现为高度多态(PIC＞0.5).intron1189位点多态性主要对YL的135 d、325 d体长和325 d、385 d体质量有显著影响(P＜0.05),而intron2 310位点多态性对JL各检测时段的体长和体质量均有显著影响(P＜0.05).对不同基因型个体的体长和体质量性状进行多重比较,结果显示,在intron 1189位点,185/229基因型YL的135 d、325 d体长和325 d、385 d体质量最低,而205/221基因型YL的135 d、325 d体长和325 d体质量最高.在mtron2310位点,290/350基因型JL在各检测时段的体长及135 d、325 d、385 d体质量最低,而318/350基因型JL的135 d、325 d、385 d体长和体质量均为最高.上述结果表明,鲤IGF-Ⅰ基因内含子中的这两个高度多态微卫星位点潜在影响鲤的生长性能.     

“全红”体色瓯江彩鲤MHC-DAB基因多态性及其与鱼体抗病力关系的分析

利用一对特异性引物DABF和DABR,分别从21尾感病和16尾抗病“全红”体色瓯江彩鲤的cDNA中,扩增出长度为624 bp的MHC-DAB基因片段。共测序185个有效克隆,获得76个不同的核苷酸序列。MHC-DAB基因片段包括第1~4外显子,分别编码信号肽、β1和β2结构域及跨膜区。长度为276 bp的β1结构域有144个核苷酸变异位点(52.17%)和70个氨基酸变异位点(76.07%),而长度为282 bp的β2结构域只有98个核苷酸变异位点(34.75%)和50个氨基酸变异位点(53.19%),显示β1结构域的变异要明显大于β2结构域。在β1结构域的24个抗原结合位点(PBR)上,有23个发生了变异。β1结构域的PBR、非抗原结合位点(non-PBR)及β2结构域的ω值(ω=d_N/d_S)分别为1.367、0.886和0.754,表明“全红”体色瓯江彩鲤MHC-DAB基因(特别是β1结构域)在进化过程中受到正向选择作用。在所得的20个不同的等位基因中,基因DAB3*15在抗病群体中出现的频率(13.75%)显著高于感病群体中出现的频率(3.81%)(P<0.05);基因DAB3*09和DAB3*10的出现频率都为3.75%(P<0.05),仅存在于抗病群体中;而基因DAB3*02和DAB3*14的出现频率分别为7.62%(P<0.05)和8.57%(P<0.01),仅存在于感病群体中。     

建鲤自交及与黄河鲤正反杂交子代的生长比较和通径分析

以建鲤、黄河鲤为亲本,建立了建鲤自交JL(建鲤♀×建鲤♂)、正交JH(建鲤♀×黄河鲤♂)、反交HJ(黄河鲤♀×建鲤♂)3个试验组合,PIT标记后在养殖157、398、598 d时测定生长参数.结果表明:(1)157、398 d时增重率均为HJ>JH>JL,HJ与JL差异显著(P<0.05);598 d时JL>JH>HJ,子代差异不显著(P>0.05).(2)体长、体重的变异系数在157、398 d 时HJ>JH>JL,598 d 时JL>HJ>JH.体长的变异系数小于体重的变异系数.(3)肥满度随养殖时间增加而增长,JL的肥满度最高并与JH、HJ差异显著;(4)雌、雄鱼生长差异显著,雌鱼生长始终快于JL;雄鱼仅在157 d时有优势,398、598 d时杂种优势衰退.(5)在对体重的决定系数上,398 d时子代均以体长的决定系数占主导;598 d时HJ(♀)、JL(♀)中体高的决定系数占主导,JL(♂)、HJ(♂)、JH(♀)中体长的决定系数占主导,JH(♂)中体长、体高对体重的决定系数差异很小.(6)养殖时间对体重的差异显著性、绝对增重率无显著影响(P>0.05),对体长、绝对增长率、特定生长率、体重变异系数、生长指标及肥满度有极显著影响(P<0.01);鱼的不同交配组合和不同性别对上述生长参数均有极显著影响.     

利用DAD1反义片段转化创建菜薹可调控雄性不育材料

 菜薹因为没有好的雄性不育材料或自交不亲和系,至今尚无一代杂种用于生产,根据拟南芥及白菜型油菜的花药不开裂基因DAD1的保守序列设计引物,扩增菜薹的DAD1基因片段（DAD1F）,构建反义DAD1F植物表达载体,用农杆菌介导法转化菜薹,对转基因植株进行分子检测,鉴定其雄性不育性并进行育性恢复试验.克隆得到的菜薹的DAD1基因片段大小为678 bp,命名为BrcpDAD1F,其序列与拟南芥和白菜型油菜的DAD1高度同源,同源率分别为88％和99％;共得到了12株转基因植株,有6株在转录水平上得到表达,表现为雄性不育,花器官畸形,花粉活力低,萌发率不到10％,且开花后不能结角果或结空角果,或者得到极少种子但种子不萌发;用对照的花粉给转基因植株授粉可使其正常结实.以500 μmol·L^-1茉莉酸甲酯处理可使其雄性不育得到恢复,花粉可以在柱头和培养基上萌发,具有受精能力。T₁代可育株与不育株的比例都呈1:3分离, T₂代不同株系的育性分离比例不同,有些株系继续呈1:3的分离,有些株系全是可育株或全是不育株,说明反义抑制呈单基因稳定遗传。     

Weed competition in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) in the Jordan Valley

A field experiment was carried out in 1996/1997 and repeated in 1997/1998 at the Jordan University Research Station located in the central Jordan Valley to determine the effect of weed competition on growth and yield of cauliflower Brassica oleracea var. botrytis cv. “White Cloud”. The treatments consisted of either allowing weeds to infest the crop or maintaining plots weed-free for increasing durations after transplanting. Results showed that longer periods of weed/cauliflower competition greatly reduced crop growth and head yield. Average reductions in shoot dry weight and head yield were 81% and 89%, respectively. Maintaining a weed-free crop for any period after transplanting increased cauliflower growth and head yield compared with the weed-infested control. Weed competition for 14 days after transplanting reduced cauliflower average head yield by 41%. To determine the critical period of weed competition and the influence of weed infestation on cauliflower head yield the Gompertz and logistic equations were fitted to data representing increasing duration of weed-free and weed-infested periods, respectively. Based upon an arbitrary 5% level of head yield loss, the critical period of weed competition occurred at 0–38 days after cauliflower transplanting which corresponded with the rapid increase in weed biomass. Results indicated that early weed removal is necessary to prevent yield loss.     

Screening of cold-resistant seedlings of a Chinese wild grape (Vitis piasezkii Maxim var. pagnucii) native to loess plateau of eastern Gansu province,China, as rootstocks

Seedlings of a Chinese wild grape (Vitis piasezkii Maxim var. pagnucii) native to loess plateau of Eastern Gansu province, China, were evaluated to screen cold-resistant rootstocks in Lanzhou area. After 14-year investigation two selections of LDP-191and LDP-294 were screened as rootstocks for two table grape cultivars, ‘Fujiminori’ and ‘Red Globe’, respectively. The two graft unions demonstrated very high cold-resistance as well as good graft compatibility. Furthermore, they could survive through low temperatures in winter without soil coverage together with good fruit quality of the cultivars grafted.     

甘蓝自交不亲和决定因子的体外表达和相互作用的检测

 S位点受体激酶(SRK)和S位点富含半胱氨酸蛋白/S位点蛋白11(SCR/SP11)分别为甘蓝自交不亲和(self-incompatibility, SI)信号传导的雌雄决定因子。为了深入研究两者的作用机理和进行人工调控,本研究以结球甘蓝ZQ为材料,利用pET·NusA融合蛋白表达系统,将包含SRK胞外域和跨膜域的mSRK蛋白和SCR蛋白在大肠杆菌BL21中融合表达,经SDS-PAGE电泳检测表达出融合蛋白大小分别约为116 kD和74 kD。进一步将两融合蛋白进行体外相互作用的检测,结果表明mSRK与SCR蛋白能够相互结合形成稳定的复合体,这为下一步实现SRK-SCR复合体聚合与解离的人为调控提供了技术平台。     

华蔓茶藨子扦插繁殖技术研究

研究了华蔓茶藨子枝条不同部位、IBA不同浓度处理对扦插生根的影响.结果表明:插穗不同部位对愈伤组织出现期无影响,均为5 d,在生根时间上存在差异,上部16 d生根,比中部和基部提前2 d生根;对根质量的影响差异显著,上部最好,中部次之,下部最差;NAA和IBA对插穗生根均有明显促进作用,且IBA优于NAA,100 mg/L mA生根效果最好,生根率和生根质量均达到最高.