Temporal patterns of seedling mortality by pine weevils (Hylobius abietis) after prescribed burning in northern Sweden

Damage by the large pine weevil, Hylobius abietis (L.), is a major threat to conifer plantations throughout Eurasia, but damage is usually less severe in northern areas. However, pine weevil damage seems to increase if the sites are burnt. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of variations in the time of planting (with respect to the total age of the clear-cut and the time since burning) on pine weevil damage to seedlings on burnt sites in northern Sweden. The study also explored whether there is an optimal time for planting at which damage levels are reduced to acceptable levels. Ten sites were selected in an inland area of northern Sweden where pine weevils are normally scarce. The sites were dry–mesic and represented a range of times since clear-cutting and since burning. The sites were planted in June 1998, 1999 and 2000 with 1-year-old container-grown seedlings of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]. Pine weevil damage was reduced if planting was done no earlier than 3 years after clear-cutting and no earlier than 2 years after burning. Planting too soon after burning, irrespective of the age of the clear-cut, resulted in unacceptably high damage levels.     

三峡库区发展栽培渔业的可行性分析

运用生态学原理和生物操纵理论,结合三峡库区的实际,从保护环境、维持生态平衡和发展经济的角度出发,借鉴日本发展海洋渔业的经验,分析了三峡库区发展栽培渔业的必要性和可行性,并提出了相关建议,以期为三峡库区发展生态渔业和政府决策提供参考依据.     

种植密度和施氮水平对华南8号木薯产量形成的影响

探讨不同种植密度和施氮水平条件下华南8号木薯干物质积累、分配的规律及其对产量形成的影响。结果表明,低密度低施氮水平处理的产量显著高于高密度高施氮水平处理;低密度低施氮水平处理的单条薯重显著高于高密度高施氮水平处理,并且交互作用显著;低密度和低施氮水平处理虽然前期干物质生产速率较低,但后期干物质生产速率及其向块根的分配比例明显高于高密度和高施氮水平。     

吉林省西部新开稻田要走环境友好型发展之路

针对吉林省增产50亿kg商品粮的战略任务而进行的西部水田大开发的实际,提出了西部新开稻田生产技术要走环境友好型可持续发展之路,对其可行性进行了论证;同时,对新开水田在发展有机水稻过程中存在的不利因素和趋弊措施进行了阐述。     

陇南山区农林复合模式划分与种植结构研究

甘肃省陇南坡耕地占总耕地面积的80.15%。坡耕地及不合理的耕作方式是造成水土流失的主要原因之一,在山坡地及梯田中进行农林复合栽培,可提高土地产出率,有效防治水土流失。根据生产方式和栽培结构将陇南山区农林复合栽培的模式种类划分为林药复合、林粮间作、田间地埂利用、果菜种植、特种林粮复合、庭院经营、小流域综合治理、林草复合等8种农林复合栽培模式,以便在坡改梯、退耕还林等生态工程中较好地应用复合农林业技术。     

基于染色体单片段代换系的水稻粒形QTL定位

水稻的粒形是影响水稻产量和品质的重要因子之一, 是由多基因控制的数量性状。染色体单片段代换系由于减少了个体间遗传背景的干扰, 已经成为鉴定复杂性状QTL的新型遗传材料。本研究以广陆矮4号为受体,日本晴为供体的119个染色体单片段代换系群体为试验材料,通过单因素方差分析和Dunnett’s多重比较,测验单片段代换系与受体亲本之间粒形的差异,鉴定了代换片段上粒形相关的QTL。以P≤0.001为阈值, 共检测到39个粒形相关的QTL。其中,粒长相关的19个,其加性效应值为0.18~1.06 mm,加性效应百分率为2.40%~14.13%;粒宽相关的14个,其加性效应值为0.09~0.31 mm,加性效应百分率为2.71%~9.15%;粒厚相关的6个,其加性效应值为0.05~0.10 mm,加性效应百分率为2.14%~4.46%。这些QTL的鉴定,为进一步精细定位并克隆相应QTL和高产、优质水稻新品种的分子标记辅助选择奠定了基础。     

Dense planting with less basal nitrogen fertilization might benefit rice cropping for high yield with less environmental impacts

Dense planting and less basal nitrogen (N) fertilization have been recommended to further increase rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain yield and N use efficiency (NUE), respectively. The objective of this study was to evaluate the integrative impacts of dense planting with reduced basal N application (DR) on rice yield, NUE and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Field experiments with one conventional sparse planting (CK) and four treatments of dense planting (increased seedlings per hill) with less basal N application were conducted in northeast China from 2012 to 2013. In addition, a two-factor experiment was conducted to isolate the effect of planting density and basal N rate on CH₄ emission in 2013. Our results show that an increase in planting density by about 50% with a correspondingly reduction in basal N rate by about 30% (DR1 and DR2) enhanced NUE by 14.3–50.6% and rice grain yield by 0.5–7.4% over CK. Meanwhile, DR1 and DR2 reduced GWP by 6.4–12.6% and yield-scaled GWP by 7.0–17.0% over CK. According to the two-factor experiment, soil CH₄ production and oxidation and CH₄ emission were not affected by planting density. However, reduced basal N rate decreased CH₄ emission due to it significantly reduced soil CH₄ production with a smaller reduction in soil CH₄ oxidation. The above results indicate that moderate dense planting with less basal N application might be an environment friendly mode for rice cropping for high yield and NUE with less GHG emissions.     

辽宁省杂草稻的发生及其控制措施

对辽宁省杂草稻的起源、危害、扩散途径及控制措施进行了分析,认为杂草稻不仅影响水稻的产量,而且降低水稻的商品价值;杂草稻主要通过种子调运进行大范围远距离扩散,通过农事活动等近距离传播;应采取预防和耕作栽培措施为主的杂草稻综合防治措施对杂草稻进行积极的控制。     

垄作栽培对小麦品质与产量的影响

以小麦品种龙麦26和克旱16为试验材料,研究了垄作对小麦品质和产量的影响。结果表明：垄作可以提高小麦的蛋白质含量,提高子粒容重10 g.L-1以上;改善了小麦的加工品质,提高湿面筋含量5%以上,降落数值提高6～34 s;面粉的粉质质量有较大改善,面团的耐柔性显著提高;由于垄作小麦穗粒数增加了0.5～3.3个,千粒重提高了0.1～0.5 g,致使单产比平作单产有了不同程度的提高,实测产量增加了2.4%～16.5%。     

农业机械化对种植业经济增长贡献的实证分析—以辽宁省为例

在解决三农问题和建设新农村过程中,农业机械化的重要作用越来越显著.为此分析了影响农业经济增长的主要因素,运用项目有无法分析模型,测算了2006年农业机械化对辽宁省农业经济增长的贡献率.研究结果表明:农业机械化对农业经济增长的贡献率为20.6%,影响农业经济增长的主要因素有农业生产成本、种植面积、农作物产量和农业机械作业效率等.