四君子汤对脾虚北京鸭胃肠组织中血管活性肠肽和生长抑素mRNA表达的影响

为从分子水平阐明脾虚与胃肠激素之间的关系以及健脾中药四君子汤防治脾虚的机制，首次用北京鸭复制脾虚证模型，以半定量的RT—PCR方法检测其腺胃、十二指肠和空肠血管活性肠肽（VIP）和生长抑素（SS）mR—NA表达的变化。结果表明，脾虚组腺胃VIPmRNA表达显著高于对照组（P〈0．05），十二指肠和空肠VIPmR—NA表达有所升高（P〉0．05）；脾虚组腺胃（P〈0．01）、十二指肠（P〈0．05）和空肠（P〈0．01）SSmRNA表达显著低于对照组。经四君子汤预防和治疗后二者恢复到接近对照组水平。提示脾虚证与VIP和SS有一定关系，四君子汤对VIP和SS水平的影响可能是该方治疗脾虚证的作用机制之一。     

加味白头翁汤对肉仔鸡免疫功能的影响

将120只1日龄肉仔鸡,随机分为4组,I组和Ⅱ组分剐按中(正常采食量的0.75%)和高(正常采食量的1%)剂量给予加味白头翁汤煎剂,Ⅲ组饮用硫酸庆大霉素注射液每次2 000单位/只,2次/d,连续6 d,Ⅳ组为正常对照组.各组分别于用药后0、3、6 d采血,测定鸡外周血T、B细胞活化情况、红细胞C3b受体(E-C3bR...     

响应面法优化龙牡宁神汤中君臣药的提取工艺

以龙牡宁神汤组方为原料,选取影响中药提取率的五个因素,即料液比、浸泡时间、提取时间、提取温度、提取次数进行单因素试验,在此基础上选取三个因素三个水平,以中药浸膏得率为响应值,进行响应面分析,优化其君臣药水提工艺,为工业化生产,开发新剂型提供理论依据;本研究实际提取率与理论值恰合良好,确定的最佳提取条件：浸泡时间为45min,料液比为1：15,提取时间为50 min,提取温度为100℃,反复提取2次,首次提取率为8.15%,操作简单易行,为中药开发奠定了基础。     

干姜附子汤对大鼠心肌缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用

[目的]观察干姜附子汤对大鼠心肌缺血-再灌注引起的氧化应激损伤的保护作用。[方法]采用在体结扎大鼠左冠状动脉前降支30 min,再灌注60 min的方法制备心肌缺血再灌注模型。观察干姜附子汤对心电图ST段、心肌梗死百分率、血清丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（S0D）活力等指标的影响。[结果]干姜附子汤能有效对抗大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤导致的心电图 ST段抬高,缩小心肌梗死百分率、降低血清中 MDA的含量、升高血清SOD的活性。[结论]干姜附子汤对大鼠心肌缺血-再灌注引起的氧化应激损伤有保护作用,其机制可能与减少心肌自由基的生成及增强心肌抗氧化能力有关。     

Effects of Polysaccharides from Pulsatilla Decoction on the Microvascular Endothelial Glycocalyx

Pulsatilla decoction is a famous traditional Chinese herbal formula for clearing heat and treating dysentery of animals or human. To elucidate its mechanism, many active components have been studied, however, the roles of its polysaccharides still remain unclear. This study aimed to explore effects of polysaccharides from Pulsatilla decoction （PPD） on the microvascular endothelial glycocalyx （eGC）. The polysaccharides were extracted from PPD by water extraction and alcohol precipitation method. Mice were administered with PPD for 4 wk, and were then anesthetized with ether inhalation and were ifxed by cardiac perfusion with gradient concentration alcian blue solution. The jejunum was sampled and jejunal mucosa was prepared for ultrathin sections by routine method and was analyzed by transmission electron microscope. The results indicated that the eGC was observed as a strong electron-dense smooth linear margin or nonuniform conglomerates coating cell membranes, and PPD signiifcantly increased its thickness from （21.85±1.87） to （28.71±3.61） nm and improved its integrity. This study suggested that PPD may express their biological activities and protect against pathogenic factor damages by inlfuencing the eGC.     

五味地龙汤对哮喘豚鼠血清白细胞介素-4的影响

目的:观察五味地龙汤对哮喘血清白细胞介素-4(IL-4)水平的影响,以探讨其治疗机制。方法:取豚鼠48只,随机分为正常对照组,哮喘模型组,地塞米松组,小青龙汤组,五味地龙汤大、小剂量组,每组8只。卵白蛋白(OVA)腹腔注射致敏,气道吸入激发建立哮喘动物模型。按豚鼠IL-4 ELISA试剂盒说明,采用双抗夹心ELISA法,测定血清IL-4含量。结果:哮喘模型组豚鼠OVA致敏并激发后出现活动减少,反应迟钝,毛色失去光泽,呼吸次数增加,呼吸困难。IL-4测定结果显示,五味地龙汤大剂量组豚鼠血清IL-4浓度为(9.27±0.86)pg·ml-1,五味地龙汤小剂量组血清IL-4浓度为(10.77±1.17)pg·ml-1,地塞米松组血清IL-4含量(9.40±2.91)pg·ml-1,与哮喘模型组(13.37±1.86)pg·ml-1比较,差异均有显著性(P<0.01)。小青龙汤组血清IL-4含量为(10.94±1.30)pg·ml-1,与哮喘模型组比较,差异亦有显著性(P<0.05)。各药物组与正常对照组(10.45±0.62)pg·ml-1比较,均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:五味地龙汤能降低哮喘动物血清IL-4含量。这可能是五味地龙汤能抑制炎症介质的释放、治疗气道炎症的机制之一。     

芨榆汤辅助治疗高血压脑出血术后并发上消化道出血56例疗效观察

目的 :观察芨榆汤佐治高血压脑出血术后并发上消化道出血的疗效 ,以发挥中西医结合治疗的优势。方法 :111例高血压脑出血术后并发上消化道出血患者随机分为 2组 :治疗组 5 6例 ,在西医常规治疗的基础上加用芨榆汤治疗(芨榆汤由白芨、地榆等中药组成 ) ;对照组 5 5例 ,仅采用单纯西医常规治疗。结果 :治疗组的疗效明显优于对照组 (Hc =5 .335 ,P <0 .0 5 )。对轻、中度出血者 ,治疗组的止血时间较对照组明显缩短 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但对重度出血者 ,两组的止血时间差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :芨榆汤是辅助治疗高血压脑出血术后并发上消化道出血的有效方法 ,尤适用于轻、中度出血患者。     

白头翁汤和黄连解毒汤对鸡大肠杆菌病的治疗作用

研究中药经方白头翁汤和黄连解毒汤对鸡大肠杆菌病的治疗作用。采用体外抗菌和人工感染防治试验相结合的方法,测定了2个经方对临床分离的大肠杆菌多重耐药菌株的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和对人工感染鸡大肠杆菌病的防治效果。结果显示,这2个经方体外对大肠杆菌均有抑菌效果,黄连解毒汤对试验菌株的MIC平均值为0.250 g/mL,而白头翁汤对试验菌株的MIC平均值为0.187 g/mL,效果较优;人工感染防治试验结果显示黄连解毒汤对鸡大肠杆菌病的保护率、有效率和治愈率均高于白头翁汤,尤其是高剂量组防治效果最好,保护率和有效率均达90%,治愈率达85%。说明2个经方在体内外抗菌试验中均有效果,但是体内、外抗菌效果不一致。     

Effects of Huanglian-jiedu decoction on TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and goblet cells of mucosa in rats with allergic rhinitis

AIM To investigate the effect of Huanglian-jiedu decoction （HLJD） on goblet cells and Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/nuclear factor （NF）-κB signaling pathway in allergic rhinitis rats. METHODS The rat model of allergic rhinitis was made by ovalbumin. The model rats were divided into model group, low-, medium- and high-dose HLJD groups, and positive control drug group. The rats in low-, medium- and high-dose HLJD groups were given different doses（5, 10 and 20 g/kg, respectively） of crude drug by intragastric administration, the rats in positive control group was given fluticasone propionate nasal spray （50 μg per side）, and the rats in control group and model group were given normal saline, once per day for 10 days. The behaviors were observed and scored after modeling and treatment, the weight of nasal secretion was measured after the treatment. The goblet cells in nasal mucosa were observed by periodic acid-Schiff （PAS） staining. The morphological changes of nasal mucosa were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The interleukin （IL）-4 and IL-5 levels in nasal mucosa were measured by ELISA. The mRNA levels of mouse calcium-activated chloride channel 3 （mCLCA3） and mucin 5AC （MUC5AC） were detected by RT-qPCR. The protein expression of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 was determined by Western blot. RESULTS After modeling, compared with control group, the behavioral scores in model group, low-, medium- and high-dose HLJD groups and positive control group were increased （P<0.05）. The eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes in nasal mucosa were seriously infiltrated, inflammatory infiltration was obvious, and obvious small vessel dilatation and interstitial edema in model group were observed. With the increase in the dosage of HLJD, the lymphatic infiltration was obviously relieved, but the eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration still existed, and the inflammatory infiltration was relieved. Compared with control group, the behavioral score, nasal secretion, the relative proportion of goblet cells in the mucosa, the IL-4 and IL-5 levels, the mRNA levels of mCLCA3 and MUC5AC, and the protein expression of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 in the mucosa of model group were increased （P<0.05）. Compared with model group, the behavioral score, nasal secretion, the relative proportion of goblet cells in the mucosa, the IL-4 and IL-5 levels, the mRNA levels of mCLCA3 and MUC5AC, and the protein expression of TLR4 in the mucosa of low-, medium- and high-dose HLJD groups and positive control group were increased （P<0.05）, and the protein expression of NF-κB p65 in the mucosa of medium- and high-dose HLJD groups and positive control group was decreased （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION Huanglian-jiedu decoction reduces the relative proportion of goblet cells in the nasal mucosa of rats with allergic rhinitis, which may be achieved by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.     

陕西省药用大黄资源调查研究

本文报道陕西省药用大黄的种类、分布、生态环境及其资源概况,为中药大黄这一传统中药材的保护和利用提供基本资料。