多菌灵在梨贮藏期间残留动态分析

研究了多菌灵在梨果皮、果肉的分布及其在梨贮藏中的残留动态。采用高效液相色谱分析多菌灵,得出多菌灵的添加回收率为89.8%-106.9%,相对标准偏差为0.663%-1.520%。在梨贮藏时,梨果皮、果肉中多菌灵浓度随时间延长先增加后减少,果皮中多菌灵含量大于果肉3-10倍,建议在贮藏温度为25℃时,5 d以后再食用。     

氯嘧磺隆在大豆植株和土壤中的残留动态研究

为了制定氯嘧磺隆在大豆上的安全使用标准,将50%氯嘧磺隆可湿性粉剂于大豆生长期进行茎叶喷雾处理,用高效液相色谱法,研究了氯嘧磺隆在大豆植株及土壤中的残留动态,测定了氯嘧磺隆在大豆及土壤中的残留量.两年的试验结果表明,氯嘧磺隆在大豆植株中比在土壤中消解得快,其半衰期分别8.77～8.86 h和10.47～11.07 d.大豆收获期籽粒中最终残留量低于0.005 mg/kg,土壤中最终残留量低于0.003 mg/kg.     

Legume–barley intercropping stimulates soil N supply and crop yield in the succeeding durum wheat in a rotation under rainfed conditions

Legume–cereal intercropping is increasingly being appreciated in dryland areas, where severe climatic conditions and intensive agricultural practices, generally dominated by continuous cereal cultivation, determine depletion of soil nutrient resources and decline of soil fertility. This research aimed to assess whether and to what extent a newly introduced legume-based intercropping system is able to ameliorate the biological fertility status of an arable soil in a way that is still noticeable during the succeeding durum wheat cropping season in terms of changes in bacterial community structure, soil C and N pools, and crop yield. A field experiment was carried out under rainfed conditions in Southern Italy on a sandy clay loam soil cultivated with durum wheat following in the rotation a recently established grain legume (pea, faba bean)–barley intercropping. Soil chemical, biochemical and eco-physiological variables together with compositional shifts in the bacterial community structure by LH-PCR fingerprinting were determined at four sampling times during the durum wheat cropping season. Soil fertility was estimated by using a revised version of the biological fertility index. Results showed that even though the microbial biomass was significantly altered, the preceding legume intercrops stimulated C-related functional variables thus leading to an increased release of mineral N, which was larger in crop treatments succeeding pea-based than faba bean-based intercropping. The increased N made available in soil enabled the succeeding durum wheat to achieve an adequate grain yield with a reduced N-fertilizer use. Soil type and environmental conditions rather than crop treatments were major determinants of bacterial community structure. The biological fertility status was not varied, suggesting that in intensively managed rainfed areas long-term crop rotations with intercropped legumes are needed to consistently ameliorate it.     

ELISE测定猪尿、猪肝中克伦特罗残留的研究

ELISA(酶联免疫吸附法)测定猪尿、猪肝中违禁药物克伦特罗残留量影响实验结果表明,德国拜发与北京望尔生产的两种ELISA试剂盒具有操作简单、时间短、成本低、敏感度高等特点。在室温20-22℃条件下,试验制备过程中必须做到控温度、控转速、控流速及洗板过程中应注意事项,这样可大大提高在实际操作过程中检测的准确性。     

动物专用头孢喹诺的研究进展

头孢喹诺是动物专用的第4代头孢菌素类抗生素,具有广泛的抗菌和强大的杀菌作用。其抗菌活性极强,对临床分离的各种革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌的MIC50、MIC90值均较小;其药动学特点优良,吸收快,达峰时间短,生物利用度较高,药时曲线下面积较大,表现分布容积也很大;头孢喹诺毒性低,在动物的可食用组织中残留较少,安全性较高。国外已将该药应用于猪、牛的呼吸系统感染及牛乳房炎的治疗。为指导头孢喹诺在我国兽医临床上的合理应用,现对其抗菌活性、药动学、残留及毒性、临床应用等最新资料进行综述。     

冲压机箱型主体焊接生产工艺探讨

大型冲压机械箱体结构的焊接制造,除要采取良好的结构设计之外,焊接施工流程也是确保焊接结构件质量的关键。对设备制造厂而言,可以将制造过程和所有焊接工艺参数标准化,用来指导生产实践。     

Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus in 11 dogs and one cat after incomplete or aborted surgical ligation

ObjectiveTo describe the characteristics and outcomes of transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occlusion after incomplete or aborted surgical ligation in dogs and cats.AnimalsTwelve client-owned animals (11 dogs and one cat).Materials and methodsThis retrospective study describes data from animals with aborted or incomplete surgical PDA ligation that subsequently underwent transcatheter closure using endovascular methods. Patient demographics, reason for incomplete or aborted surgery, complications, and method of transcatheter occlusion were recorded. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range), where appropriate.ResultsFor all cases, median age at surgery was 12.2 months (4.9–15.1 months) and at catheterization was 15.4 months (8.9–21.9 months), with 79 days (29–209 days) between surgical and interventional procedures. Median weight at catheterization was 4.5 kg (2.5–12.6 kg). Reasons for failed surgical ligation included hemorrhage during ductal dissection in seven dogs, residual flow in four dogs, and inability to identify the ductus in one cat. Transcatheter closure was successfully performed using a canine duct occluder in eight dogs, transarterial coil embolization in two dogs, and transvenous coil embolization in one dog and one cat. Metallic hemoclips partially obscured angiographic findings in three cases with prior surgical hemorrhage but did not prevent transcatheter closure. In all cases, ductal flow was successfully attenuated, with no or trace residual shunting on angiography and complete occlusion the following day on echocardiography.ConclusionsWhen surgery is unsuccessful, either owing to hemorrhage or residual flow, transcatheter closure of PDA is feasible, even in small patients.     

油桐木屑栽培香菇菌株的研究

本文通过对5个香菇菌株的试验研究.证明均能在以油桐木屑为主料的培养基配方上定殖,并正常形成子实体,初步得出Cr—02和82-2等2只菌株比较适宜在油桐木屑配方上作为油桐栽培品种.适应性较强,对管理技术要求不苛刻,出菇快,产量高.生物效率分别达87.1％和86.7％.     

Tephrosia species and provenances for improved fallows in southern Africa

Seeking an alternative to Sesbania spp. tree fallows, a Tephrosia species and provenance trial was conducted at Msekera Research Station, Chipata (Zambia) to evaluate eleven Tephrosia vogelii and three Tephrosia candida provenances. They were tested for biomass production, quality of biomass, resistance to root-knot nematodes, nitrogen release, and for their effects on soil nitrogen dynamics. At the end of 1.5 years, the T. candida provenances 02970, 02971 and 02972 from Madagascar produced two times greater amount of aboveground biomass than the T. vogelii provenances. There was little variability among the T. vogelii provenances in terms of litter and biomass production. Weed growth was significantly greater under T. vogelii than T. candida provenances. While Tephrosia vogelii provenance 98/02 from Zambia and T. candida 02972 were highly tolerant to the Meloidogyne incognita nematodes, T. vogelii provenances 02977, 98/03, 02973 from Kenya, Zambia and Malawi, respectively, were highly susceptible to the nematodes. The Tephrosia species and provenances showed a wide variability in terms of N, lignin and polyphenol concentration in their foliage. Mineralization of N in the foliage of T. candida provenances 02970 and 02971 and T. vogelii provenances 98/04 and 02974 from Malawi occurred rapidly within 14 weeks of incubation. At the end of the 2-year growth period, there was significantly greater total inorganic N under T. candida provenance 02972 (12.5 mg kg⁻¹) than T. vogelii (5 mg kg⁻¹) provenance Mungwi 98/02. Maize (Zea mays L.) yields after T. candida provenances were greater than those after T. vogelii provenances. Further testing of the most promising provenances is needed for their effects on subsequent maize yields under a range of farm conditions. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

6种杀虫剂对绿盲蝽3龄若虫的室内毒力测定

为筛选出防治绿盲蝽的有效药剂,指导田间施药,采用试管药膜法,测定了6种杀虫剂对绿盲蝽3龄若虫的室内毒力。结果表明:阿维菌素、氟氯氰菊酯、吡虫啉、啶虫脒、螺虫乙酯和高效氯氰菊酯对绿盲蝽3龄若虫的LC50值,药剂处理24 h后,分别为8.19、10.39、19.96、25.30、25.77、28.17 mg/L;药剂处理48 h后,分别为3.64、5.86、10.39、17.57、15.93、12.21 mg/L。可见,阿维菌素对绿盲蝽毒力最高,氟氯氰菊酯次之,吡虫啉、啶虫脒、高效氯氰菊酯和螺虫乙酯毒力较低。